• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the knowledge of HPV in female university students. Methods: Participants consisted of 285 female university students(nursing major;153, others;132). A dichotomy with 20 items of HPV knowledge was developed by a researcher. Results: Reliability of the HPV knowledge tool was Cronbach' alpha .87, and Split-half Guttman coefficient .85. Correction rates of HPV knowledge by item ranged from 19.6 to 76.8%. There were no significant differences in HPV knowledge scores by major group or sex related characteristics. Conclusions: Accurate, university wide education regarding HPV knowledge for female university students should be done regardless of the major; nursing or not. Replication studies with different ages or sex groups and application of HPV education in relation to STI prevention and cervical cancer prevention are recommended.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-65
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• 2016

Knowledge plays a more important role in promoting entrepreneurship in the current information-led society than it did during the age of industrialization. Many recent studies found that entrepreneurship stimulates and generates innovation and economic growth. In response to the issues of long-term low growth, the Japanese government implemented several policies to encourage universities initiate entrepreneurial activities. This paper examines Japanese policies since 2014 that support universities in providing various programs for developing global entrepreneurs. Thirteen academic institutes were beneficiaries of three-year funding since the fiscal year of 2014. Each university designed its own educational programs according to their own contexts, built various forms of innovation ecosystems with domestic as well as international partner organizations, and offered entrepreneurship training courses or innovation workshops for companies to sustain its programs through broadening their funding bases. Due to the interdisciplinary nature and short history in operating the programs so far, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. However, each participating university accumulated knowledge and experience while carrying out their various programs, suggesting important new directions for policymakers and education program designers in facilitating entrepreneurship and innovation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors that influence sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents in Korea. Methods: The data from the 10~12th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2014~2016) were used to assess the effects of individual, family, and school-related factors on sexually transmitted infections. The participants of this study were 9,760 adolescents who had experienced sexual intercourse. The participants consisted of 6,905 boys and 2,855 girls. Results: Out of 9,760 adolescents with sexual intercourse experience, 9.7% (908) had STIs. Grade, substance abuse, age at first sexual intercourse, having sexual intercourse after drinking alcohol, the type of sex partner and family structure were significantly related STIs in both boys and girls. Using condoms was related to STIs only in boys. Drinking alcohol and smoking were related to STIs only in girls. However, sex education at school was not related to STIs in both boys and girls. Conclusion: In this study, Individual and family factors were associated with STIs in male and female adolescents. The results of this study suggest the need for systematic research on the factors influencing STIs and health eduation for STI prevention.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2014

The entrepreneurial university concept is a new challenge and opportunity for science and technology universities in Korea. The traditional university functions of education, research, and community service are still highly relevant, but increasingly so are new types of collaboration for research outcomes and funding resources. Strategic university management is needed to handle socioeconomic contribution, involving the creation and maintenance of proactive relationships with firms, national and regional governments, and other regional entities. The emergence of the entrepreneurial university in Korea is similar to the socioeconomic changes observable in the history of university development in America and in many other developed countries. In this paper, we examine the emerging paradigm of entrepreneurial universities in Korea and discuss the interactions among universities, firms, and government strategy and policy by investigating and comparing two universities, POSTECH and KAIST, in their leadership, adaptation to changes in the environment, business strategies, organization, and cooperative network. We conclude with policy points that emphasize the fact that while entrepreneurial universities are an emerging concept, they can expand innovation and creativity in education and research in Korean universities in the mid-to-long term if university administration, policymakers and public administrators, and regional innovation actors take an interest in the need for a new organization and system where university research can contribute socioeconomically.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.39-51
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• 2010

Korea faces challenges from the recent development catch-up countries and the absence of catch up incentives. For Korea to solve the issue of post catch-up problems and create a new development path based on creative innovation, there is an urgent need to secure a system design capability for the production of creative knowledge and talent that can create a competitive society. However, the conservative inclination and a lack of a customer-oriented attitude of Korean universities and professors leads to a standardization of talent and a passive restructuring of the curriculum by universities instead of a direct correspondence with the demands of companies and society. The compatibility of Korean university education with the demands of society remains the lowest in the world and creative education in Korea faces a difficult situation. The world is transforming from a knowledge-based economy to a creativity-based economy and a competitive society will led by creativity, not by knowledge. The success of a country in nurturing creative talent will determine its future national competitiveness. For Korea to be become a global leader in the new era of creativity, it needs to make proactive preparations. It is imperative for Korea to transform the educational system from the previous cramming system to a creativity-nurturing system.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The development and maintenance of human capacity in economies is critical to long term competitiveness, but also for the overall health and environment of regions. Yet, human science and technology-based capacity is multidimensional and has interrelated characteristics which present certain policy challenges. This paper addresses a range of issues specific to a discussion on human capacity in S&T. First, the paper emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the complexity of human capacity issues and how they evolve along the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) pipeline. The pipeline is an often used reference to describe the training and development in STEM disciplines, from early childhood education, to more advanced training, and finally to professional collaboration and interaction and serves as a useful organizing framework for the discussion of capacity along the career evolution process. Second, the paper offers an organizing framework for discussion of policy mechanisms that have been developed to address issues and gaps that occur along this STEM pipeline. Specifically, it contrasts the traditional mechanisms of building human capacity in STEM areas with newer "gap filling" and integrated approached to addressed human capacity disparities and priorities. Third, the paper addresses core challenges in human capacity in STEM, including the education and training, participation of women and underrepresented groups, brain drain/brain circulation issues, and the globalization of science. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implication for the development of human capacity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6077-6080
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest female cancer worldwide. The 50-55 cases of cervical cancer are reported annually in the UAE. There is a scarcity of data from Middle Eastern region regarding knowledge and attitude of women towards HPV infection, cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccine. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge of women regarding HPV infection and vaccine in UAE. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 640 women aged 18-50 years was conducted in Al-Ain district in UAE using convenience sampling. Women with previous diagnosis of cervical cancer, non-residents of UAE, younger than 18 or older than 50 years of age and those unable to speak Arabic or English were excluded from the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of HPV knowledge with independent factors like age, education etc. Results: Only 29% of our sampled women have ever heard of HPV infection. Only 15.3% women recognized it as STI. Only about 22% women have also heard of the HPV vaccine. Three quarter of the women in our study thought that cervical cancer can be prevented. About 28% recognized vaccine as a preventive measure against cervical cancer. Age (AOR 1.049, 95%CI 1.02-1.08) and husband's level of education were found to be significant (p value 0.015) after adjusting for women's age. Conclusions: The knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine is low in the UAE. Few women recognized HPV as sexually transmitted infection. Increasing age and husband's education are associated with better knowledge of HPV infection.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2013

Egypt has been known as the light house of science and innovation not only in the Middle East but to the world across ages. Recently, there have been many ups and downs that positioned Egypt in a lower rank that it actually deserves according to its long history. This review entitles the current condition of science, technology and innovation in Egypt and the consequent setting up of best practices of science and technology parks (STPs) experiences. Egypt's science, technology and innovation (STI) system is highly centralized and dominated by the public sector, with R&D happening mostly in state-run universities and research centers supervised by the Ministry of Higher Education and Ministry of Scientific Research. R&D indicators state that Egypt ranking is 40th worldwide for the published articles (around 10,000 papers in 2011), while the numbers of issued patents (350 local and 50 international in 2011) is still far beyond expected. STPs in Egypt are addressed in this review by three examples; smart village in Cairo, Investment zone in Borg El-Arab City and Technology Valley in Ismailia. The three models are discussed in details and a suggested road map for developing more STPs is estimated.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-95
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• 2013

Rapid changes in the economic, social and academic environments often provide opportunities to develop new and advanced technologies. In China, recent literature on the role of universities suggests that university-industry linkages (UILs) play a substantial role in the development of high-tech industries. Since 1979 when the country became more open and underwent economic reform, Chinese central authorities, local governments, and universities have continued to set up various science and technology (S&T) policies to stimulate UILs, contributing to China's technological progress and economic growth. This study examines the role of S&T policies on UILs such as transfer of technology, joint research, and spin-off creation with a particular focus on Nanjing University (NJU) in Jiangsu Province. Nanjing has over 53 universities, ranking it behind Beijing and Shanghai in terms of S&T and higher education opportunities. By adopting "institutional methodology," this study contends that UILs not only benefit universities and industry but also society in terms of job training, consulting activities, joint research, R&D results commercialization, patent licensing, new business creation, and other aspects. Finally, we suggest that the Chinese experience, though with some problems, might enhance our understanding of how to stimulate UILs through the arrangement of various S&T policies.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-26
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• 2013

The $1^{st}$ National Plan for Aging Society with Low Fertility, which the Korean government announced in 2006, caused the gradual increase of R&D investment in order to prepare for an aging society in Korea. This study explores if the directions and strategies of R&D projects related to aging are suitable to improve the quality of life for elderly people and establish a sustainable aging society by analyzing the features of R&D investment from 2004 to 2010. The results show that most R&D projects conducted by departments focus on the development of assistive devices for the elderly to support everyday lives. The Korean government's R&D policy to prepare for an aging society is based on the narrow interpretation of Quality of Life (QoL) in an aging society that tries to resolve the socioeconomic problems of the elderly; however, the policies have ignored the independence of active elderly individuals and the social integration of the young and elderly generations. The research shows that a paradigm shift is required from a 'Senior' to 'Aging Society' because almost 1/3 of the Korean population is over 65 years old and the expansion of the research embraces from assistive technologies for the elderly to the design of social infrastructure such as transportation, education and work.