• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare symptoms and characteristics among patients diagnosed with Hwabyung according to their yin-yang personality types. Methods: A structured clinical interview was conducted to diagnose Hwabyung, followed by a cross-sectional study involving a total of 118 Hwabyung patients (95 females). Various measures including the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), Hwabyung Comprehensive Test (HCT), HwaByung Scale (HBS), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Eogul Scale (ES), and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) were administered. Results: SPQ-total showed significant negative correlations with HBS-personality and STAXI-control, and a significant positive correlation with STAXI-out. SPQ-behavior showed significant positive correlations with HBS-symptom, STAXI-trait, STAXI-in, STAXI-out, BDI-II, BAI, ES, and PHQ-15. SPQ-cognition exhibited significant negative correlations with HBS-personality, STAXI-control, and ES. SPQ-emotion had significant negative correlations with HBS-personality and STAXI-in and a significant positive correlation with STAXI-out. SPQ-Yin demonstrated a significantly higher HBS-personality than SPQ-Yang. SPQ-Yang exhibited significantly higher STAXI-out than SPQ-Yin, whereas SPQ-Yin showed significantly higher STAXI-control and STAXI-in than SPQ-Yang. Although differences in depression, anxiety, resentment, and physical symptoms between yin and yang were not statistically significant, variations in interpretation criteria were observed. Conclusions: Anger expression patterns and physical/psychological symptoms among Hwabyung patients are different based on their yin-yang personality types. These findings can inform the prediction of symptoms in Hwabyung patients according to their yin-yang personality types and aid in establishing appropriate treatment plans.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program with Euro QOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and psychological test. Methods: 6 middle-age women have participated in the eight weeks of the M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program, and the program was executed once a week for about two hours. We evaluated EQ5D, FFMQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) before and after the program in order to analyze the effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program. Results: 1) EQ5D scores increased significantly (p<0.05), and overall physical condition scale( VAS) increased. 2) In the FFQM scores, value of Nonreactivity increased significantly (p<0.05), and total score increased. 3) Scores of BDI and STAI-S decreased significantly (p<0.05), and STAI-T, STAXI-S, STAXI-T, STAXI-O, STAXI-Su, and STAXI-R decreased. Conclusions: The results suggested that M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program improves the quality of life and mindfulness skill and has a positive responses to psychological problems-depression, anxiety, and anger.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations with the psychological test and the physical index. Methods: Breath-counting meditation was applied to 10 normal adults. Then, clinical research State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger eXpression Inventory (STAXI), Psychosocial Well-being Index Short Form (PWI-SF), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean version (BEPSI-K), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and Vital Signs (V/S) were carried out to analyze the responses of breath-counting meditations. Results: 1) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) decreased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation, and Body Temperature (BT) increased on the fifteenth day. In addition, respiration decreased throughout the period of breath-counting meditation. 2) Standard deviations of N-N interval and Total Power (TP) of HRV all significantly increased on the fifteenth day of breath-counting meditation. 3) Scores of STAI1, STAXI1, STAXI2, and PWI-SF decreased after the breath-counting meditation. Conclusions: The results suggested that breath-counting meditations have positive responses to anger, anxiety and stress.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Korean medical treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Methods: We examined the effects of Korean medical treatment for patients with RLS who visited the neuropsychiatric clinic of Korean medicine. We treated the patient with herbal-medication, acupuncture, oriental psychotherapy. IRLS, STAI-X1,X2, BDI-2, BAI, STAXI-S,T were compared before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment to determine whether the symptoms and mood of patients were improved. Results: After 4 weeks treatment (n=13), STAI-X1,X2, BDI-2, BAI, STAXI-S scores increased significantly; whereas, IRLS and STAXI-T scores decreased. After 8 weeks treatment (n=8), IRLS, STAI-X1,X2, BDI-2, BAI scores increased significantly; whereas, STAXI-S scores decreased.Conclusions The treatment of RLS with Korean medicine was clinically efficient and resulted in improvement of the symptoms as well as psychological problems.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the relationship between HRV indices and scores of emotional questionnaires and to find out the effective way to assess patients emotional and physical condition. Methods : We selected 144 patients who had both HRV data and BDI, STAI and STAXI scores on the chart among outpatients from July 2006 to December 2010. The relationship between the scores rated from the questionnaires and HRV indices are analyzed. And the HRV indices of patients included in the top 30 percent group and the bottom 30% group are compared. Results : 1. There were no significant correlations between HRV indices and scores of BDI, STAI and trait anger of STAXI. 2. SDNN and TP of HRV significantly decreased with higher state anger scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of state anger had lower SDNN, TP, LF, HF and HRV-index and higher pNN50 than the bottom 30 percent group. 3. RMSSD of HRV significantly decreased with higher anger-in scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of anger-in had lower RMSSD than the bottom 30 percent group. Conclusions : HRV can be used to evaluate emotional and physical changes related to state anger and inappropriate anger expression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2011

Objectives : This case series was conducted to report the efficacy of Ondam-tanggami for insomnia. Methods : Insomnia patients with more than 15 points on Insomnia Severity Index scale were assessed using SCL-90-R, STAI, STAXI, BDI. Being treated with Ondam-tanggami after 2 weeks, ISI, STAI, STAXI, BDI were re-measured to determine the progress of insomnia. It is measured that total sleep time, number of awaking times during sleep, satisfaction of sleep daily. Results : After treatment, quality of sleep has improved and ISI, STAI, STAXI, BDI score have decreased. Conclusions : According to the study, treatment with Ondam-tanggami for insomnia has shown positive results. Further use of Ondam-tanggami is much anticipated for future treatment of insomnia cases.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess anger of middle school adolescents in an urban community using State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)-Korean and Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), and to determine whether specific anger expression of adolescents is associated with certain psychopathology including depression. Methods : Data were collected from 395 middle school students and their parents in Incheon city. The students completed the STAXI, Children's Depression Inventory, Korean version of Mood disorder Questionnaire, and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale (Short Form), and their parents completed the K-CBCL. Results : No significant correlation was observed between aggression subscale K-CBCL and each scale of the STAXI, except anger out (r=0.704). The scores for STAXI total and respective scales were significantly higher for female students than male students. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to explore the possible predictors for depression in adolescents and lower anger control and higher anger suppression were found to be predictors for depression in adolescence. Conclusion : There is a possibility of a large discrepancy between anger that the adolescents actually feel and parents' judgment of their children's anger. It must be considered in assessment of adolescent anger and use of further structured interviews is necessary. In addition, it may be useful to consider the anger expression style in adolescents who report depressive symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Intensity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated by scoring system of Andersch and Milsom. Anger state, trait, expression of the patients suffering from dysmenorrhea was measured by STAXI-K. And each value was analyzed by ANOVA testm as to intensity of dysmenorrhea, student t test as to existence of dysmenorrhea. Results: The numerical value of anger expression in the primary dysmenorrhea existent group was significantly higher than that in the primary dysmenorrhea non-existent group. There were significant differences among the numerical value of anger expression in the groups classified as intensity of primary dysmenorrhea, the value of three positive group() was significantly higher than that of negative group(-). Conclusion: This study showed the relationship between anger expression and primary dysmenorrhea. But there was no clue to find out their causal relationship, because this study was cross-sectional. So further study will be needed to prove the causality between them. And more precise scale has to been developed to evaluate various type of anger accurately.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Objectives : This case series was conducted to report the efficacy of traditional Korean medicine treatments for Hwa-Byung. Methods : Patients were diagnosed with Hwa-byung through Hwa-Byung diagnostic interview schedule(HBDIS). instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-Byung was applied to develop an individualized traditional Korean medicine treatment plan. SCL-90-R, STAI, STAXI, BDI, and instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-Byung were measured. After 2 weeks of tradiational Korean medicine treatments and K-MBSR practice, STAI, STAXI, BDI, and instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-Byung were re-assessed to determine the progress of Hwa-Byung. Results : After treatments, chief complaints have improved. STAI, STAXI, BDI and instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-Byung score have decreased. Conclusions : According to the study, traditional Korean medicine treatments using instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-Byung have shown positive results in managing Hwa-Byung symptoms evaluated by instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-Byung.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2022

Objectives: To examine clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on depressive disorder. Methods: Medical records of 102 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder who were treated with Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 12 weeks and measured psychological scales (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)) every 4 weeks were analyzed. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, BDI-II, STAI-X-1/2, BAI, and STAXI-S/T all decreased statistically significantly. STAI-X-1 and BAI were significantly decreased throughout the treatment interval (comparisons every 4 weeks). The other four scales decreased significantly from 0 to 4 weeks and from 8 to 12 weeks. Conclusions: Treatment for depressive disorder with Korean Medicine was effective not only in improving overall symptoms of depressed patients, but also in improving accompanying anxiety, anger, and physical symptoms. In addition, since all scores were gradually decreased, continuous treatment would be important.