• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1998

These studies were undertaken to investigate changes of major components occuring during germination of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds, Changes of total lipid and protein contents, and fatty acid composition were determined. Also, the correponding values of various components in cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots were measured according to germination stage. The results were summarized as follows; During germination, total lipid and protein contents decreased. In particular, protein contents rapidly decreased to the 3 days after gemination(DAG), and then total lipid contents rapidly decreased. In changes of total lipid and protein of cotyledons, hypocotyles and roots detected at the 10, 15 and 20 DAG, some variations were determined. The contents of lipid and protein in hypocotyls rapidly decreased, but since than no changes were observed. In contract, in roots similar changes patterns were observed, while since 15 DAG a rapidly increase was wxamined. In fatty acid composition of total lipid ,saturatedmfatty acids such as palmitic acid increased during the germination. On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acid such as olic acid and linoleic acid decreased during the same periods. In changes of fatty acid composition of total lipid of cotyledons, hypocotlys and roots, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid increased during the germination. However, linoleic acid decreased during the same germination suggesting that this may be due to the rapid degradation. However, linoleic acid decreased during the same periods. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, there was no detectible polypeptide bands on the gel before seed germination suggesting that this may be due to the rapid degradation of the storage peotein in the mature seed by hydrolytic enzymes during the stag. As germination continued polypeptide bands, one with 40KD, two with 32∼34Kd and one with 24KD, were detected on the gel.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1983

Heparinization is an essential step in extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery. But wide individual variation to heparin effect sometimes makes it difficult to anticoagulate safely or neutralize appropriately. Because the conventional set protocol of heparinization did not consider this individual variation, a new method of control of heparinization was proposed by Dr. Brian Bull in 1974. We compared the group in which a conventional set protocol was used [Control group] with the other in which a new protocol modified from that of Bull was used [ACT group], on the aspects of the dosages of heparin and protamine administered and postoperative bleeding. Our conventional protocol [Control group] consisted of: 1. Initial heparin was given at dose of 350U/Kg into the right atrium prior to bypass. 2. Additional heparin was given every hour during E.C.C., as much as a half of the Initial dose. 3. 600U of heparin was mixed into every 100ml. of priming solution. 4. The protamine dose was calculated by totalling the units of heparin given to the patient and giving 1 .8mg. of protamine per 100 units of heparin. ACT protocol [ACT group] consisted of: 1. Initial heparinization was same as that of conventional protocol. 2. ACT`s were checked before [A point] and 10 minutes after initial heparinization [B point]. With these 2 points, a dose response curve was drawn. 3. Heparin for the priming solution was same as in control group. 4. Every 30 minutes during E.C.C., ACT`s were checked with Hemochron [International Technidyne Corp.]. ACT between 450 and 600 seconds was regarded as safety zone. If ACT checked at a time was below 450 seconds, heparin dose was calculated on the dose-response curve to lengthen ACT to 480 seconds and was given into the oxygenator. 5. About 10 minutes before the term of E.C.C., ACT was checked to estimate the blood heparin level at the time. Then, protamine dose was calculated at dose of 1.Stag per 100 units of heparin. The calculated dose of protamine was mixed into 50 to lO0ml of 5% Dextrose Water and dripped intravenously during the period of 15 minutes. Compared these two groups mentioned above, results were obtained as follows: 1. Mean value of normal ACT checked with Hemochron on 30 preoperative patients was 124 seconds [range 95-145 sec.]. 2. Doses of heparin and protamine given to the patient were decreased in ACT group as much as 32.2% and 62.2% respectively. 3. Postoperative bleeding and transfusion were also decreased in ACT group in 60.5% and 67.1% respectively. 4. Our modified dose-response curve did not cause any problems in the control of heparinization. 5. Initial heparinization [Heparin 350U/Kg] was sufficient for the most patients until 60 minutes under extracorporeal circulation. 6. We used 1.5mg of protamine to neutralize 100 units of heparin. But smaller dose of protamine may be sufficient for appropriate neutralization.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.314-327
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging. Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

The popularity of keeping stag beetles (Dorcus titanus castanicolor Motschulsky 1861, Coleoptera: Lucanidae) as pets has increased. Consistent with the rise in the number of insect farms using these beetles, the number of contaminated or diseased D. titanus castanicolor has also increased. This investigation was conducted to analyze the cause of D. titanus castanicolor disease. The contaminated larvae of D. titanus castanicolor showed Allomyrina nudivirus infection symptoms similar to those of Allomyrina nudivirus infection. However, the disease carried by of D. titanus castanicolor is not derived from the virus infecting Allomyrina, as determined by PCR. Our study revealed that the major gut microbes of infectious D. titanus castanicolor belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, and specifically, Pseudomonas knackmussi (Symptom 1 - 39.62% to Symptom 2 - 41.50% to Symptom 3 - 76.76% as the disease progressed severely) and Citrobacter koseri (Symptom 1 - 1.48% to Symptom 2 - 6.04% to Symptom 3 - 6.16% as the disease progressed severely) were detected. Additionally, a high proportion of larvae from the uninfected group were found to harbor bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes (72%). However, as the disease progressed severely in these beetles, the proportion of Firmicutes decreased (Symptom 1 - 72.03% to Symptom 2 - 44.7% to Symptom 3 - 26.3%). These findings imply that colonization by Firmicutes was inversely proportional to Proteobacteria colonization in the gut. This was found to be true for both the normal and disease conditions of D. titanus castanicolor. In this study, we examined the distribution of intestinal microbial communities in normal and contaminated larvae. We observed a correlation between these contaminated microbes and the overall health of the beetle, and our findings suggest that there may be a link between disease progression and the gut microbiome.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

'Baekseung', a new variety of Flammulina velutipes, was bred by mating two monokaryotic strains isolated from KMCC 4210 and KMCC 4216 in the Mushroom Research Division, Baekseung ARES in 2016. The Baekseung and Uri1ho strains showed fast mycelial growth and mycelial density on malt extract agar media after 7 days of incubation. The spawn running period on the sawdust substrate required a cultivation period and temperature of 30 days and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively, for primordia formation where in fruiting body development occurred from $11{\pm}1days$ at $14^{\circ}C$ and $14{\pm}1days$ at $7^{\circ}C$. The length of the pilei and stipes of the Baekseung harvested in optimal stag were $11.3{\pm}0.4$ and $89.2{\pm}7.1mm$, respectively, whereas the values for Uri1ho were $10.7{\pm}1.0$ and $91.3{\pm}20.8mm$, respectively. The yield of the Baekseung and Uri1ho strain grown on the sawdust substrate was $153.7{\pm}12.5$ and $139.8{\pm}17.8g$, respectively, per 850 ml in bottle cultivation. The inferred tree exhibited a phylogenetic relationship between the Korean white fruiting body strains of Baekseung, Uri1ho and Fv-14-a-38, Fv-14-a-51, and the Japanese white fruiting body-forming strains of KMCC 4226, and these were confirmed to be genetically related.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.657-664
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• 2019

We identified the echinostome metacercariae in Chinese mystery snails, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, from Xiengkhuang Province, Lao PDR with morphologies of adult worms recovered. Total 20 snails were examined with artificial digestion method and then the collected metacercariae were orally infected to a mouse and a rat. Adult worms recovered from experimental animals were observed with a light microscope and a SEM. The metacercariae were round, 125×123 ㎛ in average size, with a moderately thick cyst wall, collar spines distributed in the head collar and excretory granules in 2 canals of excretory tube. Adult flukes (3-week-old in a rat) were elongated, ventrally curved and 5.310×1.023 mm in average size. Head collar distinct, bearing 43 collar spines with 5 end group ones on each side. Oral sucker subterminal, prepharynx very short, pharynx well developed, and esophagus relatively short. Cirrus sac well developed, with a saccular seminal vesicle, and ventral sucker very large. Ovary round and on the median line of the body. Testes tandom and elongated. Eggs operculated, elliptical and 90×57 ㎛ in average size. In the SEM observation, the head crown prominent, with 43 collar spines resembled with horns of younger stag. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the surface between the head collar and ventral sucker, and their densities were decreased posteriorly. Conclusively, the metacercariae detected in C. chinensis malleata from Lao PDR were identified as those of Echinostoma macrorchis based on the morphological characteristics of adult worms.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1979

This study was carried out to select superior dual purpose hens which could spread to poultry farming for subsidiary work and general farmhouse. Three hundred and fifty chicks of 7 kinds of 2-way crossbred from mating of Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire and Australorps were tested for dual purpose performance. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average viability of brooding, rearing and laying Period hen were 92.3% 98.3% and 93.1% respectively. There was significant difference at 1% level among crossbreds for brooding viability, but other viabilitys were no significant difference. 2. The average body weight of 8 weeks was 854.41g, but there was no significant difference among crossbreds, respectively. Average body weight at 300 days, 500 days were 2507.15g, 2632.25g respectively, but there was significant difference at 1% level among crossbreds. 3. Sexual maturity of individual and 50% egg production were 173.7 days and 199.4 days, respectively. There was significant difference at 5% level among crossbreds. 4. The average hen day egg production was 65.3% and the highest was R.N crossbred (70.5%). There was significant difference at 5% level among crossbreds and average hen housed egg Production was 20.2 eggs and the highest was 220.4 eggs in R.A. crossbred. 5. The average egg weight was 57.36g and the highest was A.N crossbred (58.3g). Therc was no significant difference among crossbreds. 6. The average feed consumption per hen per day by stag. was 42.9g (brooding period), 83.7g (rearing period), 131.1g (laying period). Average feed requirement per 1kg. egg production was 3.79 and th. R.A. crossbred was superiority (3.42). 7. On the basis of the results of this study, the R.A and R.N crossbreds were best for superior dual commercial chicks under farming management conditions.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2003

Clonal propagation of high-value forest trees through somatic embryogenesis (SE) has the potential to rapidly capture the benefits of breeding or genetic engineering programs and to improve raw material uniformity and quality. A major barrier to the commercialization of this technology is the low quality of the resulting embryos. Several factors limit commercialization of SE for Corsican pine, including low initiation rates, low culture survival, culture decline causing low or no embryo production, and inability of somatic embryos to fully mature, resulting in low germination and reduced vigour of somatic seedlings. The objective was to develop a Corsican pine maturation medium that would produce cotyledonary embryos capable of germination. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and significant differences between treatments determined by multiple range test at P=0.05. Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima) cultures were initiated on modified !P6 medium. Modifications of the same media were used for culture multiplication and maintenance. Embryogenic cultures were maintained on the same medium semi solidified with 2.5 g/l Gelrite. A maturation medium, capable of promoting the development of Corsican pine somatic embryos that can germinate, is a combination of iP6 modified salts, 2% maltose, 13% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 5 mg!l abscisic acid (ABA), and 2.5 g/l Gelrite. After initiation and once enough tissue developed they were grown in liquid medium. Embryogenic cell suspensions were established by adding 0.951.05 g of 10- to 14-day-old semisolid-grown embryogenic tissue to 9 ml of liquid maintenance media in a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. Cultures were then incubated in the dark at 2022$^{\circ}$C and rotated at 120 rpm. After 2.53 months on maturation medium, somatic embryos were selected that exhibited normal embryo shape. Ten embryos were placed horizontally on 20 ml of either germination medium ($\frac{2}{1}$strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts with 2.5 g/l activated charcoal) or same medium with copper sulphate adjusted to 0.25 mg/1 to compensate for copper adsorption by activated carbon. 2% and 4% maltose was substituted by 7.5% and 13% PEG respectively to improve the yield of the embryos. Substitution of' maltose with PEG was clearly beneficial to embryo development. When 2% of the maltose was replaced with 7.5% PEG, many embryos developed to large bullet-shaped embryos. At latter stages of development most embryos callused and stopped development. A few short, barrel-shaped cotyledonary embryos formed that were covered by callus on the sides and base. When 4% of the maltose was removed and substituted with 13% PEG, the embryos developed further, emerging from the callus and increasing yield slightly. Microscopic examination of the cultures showed differing morphologies, varying from mostly single cells or clumps to well-formed somatic embryos that resembled early zygotic embryos only liquid cultures with organized early-stag. A procedure for converting and acclimating germinants to growth in soil and greenhouse conditions is also tested. Seedling conversion and growth were highly related to the quality of the germinant at the time of planting. Germinants with larger shoots, longer, straighter hypocotyls and longer roots performed best. When mature zygotic embryos germinate the root emerges, before or coincident with the shoot. In contrast, somatic embryos germinate in reverse sequence, with the cotyledons greening first, then shoot emergence and then, much later, if at all, the appearance of the root. Somatic seedlings, produced from the maturation medium, showed 100% survival when planted in a field setting. Somatic seedlings showed normal yearly growth relative to standard seedlings from natural seed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

Purose: This study is to evaluate the xerostomia following 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) in nasopharynx cancer patients using the xerostomia questionnaire score (XQS). Materials and Methods: Questionnaire study was done on 51 patients with nasopharynx cancer who received 3D CRT from Dec. 2000 to Aug. 2005. 3D CRT technique is based on 'serial shrinking field' concept by 3 times of computed tomography (CT) simulation. Total target dose to the primary tumor was 72 Gy with 1.8 Gy daily fractions. Xerostomia was assessed with 4-questions XQS, and the associations between XQS and time elapsed after RT, age, sex, stage, concurrent chemotherapy, and parotid dose were analyzed. Results: Concurrent chemotherapy was given to 40 patients and RT alone was given to 11 patients. The median time elapsed after 3D CRT was 20 ($1{\sim}58$) months and the mean XQS of all 51 patients was $8.4{\pm}1.9\;(6{\sim}14)$. XQS continuously and significantly decreased over time after 3D CRT ($X^2$=-0.484, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in XQS according to sex, age, and stag. However, XQS of concurrent chemotherapy patients was significantly higher than RT alone patients (P=0.001). XQS of patients receiving total mean parotid dose ${\ge}35 Gy$ was significantly higher than <35 Gy (p=0.05). Decreasing tendency of XQS over time after 3D CRT was observed. Concurrent chemotherapy and total mean parotid dose ${\ge}35 Gy$ were suggested to adversely affect radiation-induced xerostomia.