• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.517-525
• /
• 2023

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) have become a serious problem worldwide. The involvement of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in inducing carbapenem resistance is particularly acute. However, unlike other members of the Enterobacteriaceae genus, new clones of P. aeruginosa are constantly emerging and rapidly replacing previously prevalent dominant clones. Therefore, this study aimed to perform antimicrobial resistance gene analysis, integron gene cassette analysis using DNA sequencing, and plasmid transfer analysis by conjugation to investigate the antimicrobial resistance dynamics of 18 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various medical samples at a general hospital in Busan from September 2017 to September 2019. All 18 strains showed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype and were resistant to most antibiotics, except colistin (100%) but were susceptible to aztreonam (22.2%) and ceftazidime (16.6%). Approximately 66.7% of the strains had Class 1 integrons showing various antimicrobial resistances. Notably, IMP-6 ST235 (66.7%), VIM-2 ST357 (16.7%), and IMP-1 ST446(16.7%) were identified. The identification of IMP-1-producing ST446, previously unreported in Korea, is noteworthy considering the emergence and prevalence of another MRPA high-risk clone.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2006

Benthic sediment samples ranging from poorly aggregated sand to complex, stratified mats were collected from six hypersaline ponds from March and July 1995 in the British Virgin Islands. Assemblages were analyzed with respect to species composition and abundance within visibly distinct layers in each mat sample. In individual ponds there was no apparent association between changing depth and the development of the benthic mats. Some species were present in all samples (e.g. Oscillatoria sp.) while others were restricted to single sites (e.g. Johannesbaptistia pellucida). Primary species included Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Phormidium spp., Coccochloris stagnina, and purple sulfur bacteria. Quantitative analysis of community structure included cluster and principal component analysis. Samples from individual ponds were often clustered; however, this was subject to seasonal variation. Mats collected in March were generally thicker and contained more layers than those in July. Variation among sites was not explained by the measured variation in environmental factors such as average pond salinity, depth, and oxygen concentration (mg/L). This study provides a detailed analysis of mat communities in hypersaline ponds and compares them with similar mat communities from other areas.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 1996

In this paper dielectric and electrostrictive strain properties of (1-y-x)Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_{3}$-PbTiO$_{3}$$-yPbTiO_{3}-xSrTiO_{3}[(1-y-x)PMN-yPT-xST]$ ceramics fabricated by using columbite precursor method have been investigated with the substitution of SrTiO$_{3}$(ST). Dielectric constant of the specimens increased with the increase of ST content up to 5[m/o] and decreased with further substitution of ST. And the pyrochlore phase decreased with the increase of ST content up to 5[m/o] in XRD analysis. The elimination of the pyrochlore phase improved dielectric constants. The electrostrictive strains generated by AC electric field have the highest value at 5[m/o] SrTiO$_{3}$ addition and the hysteresis of strain ranged from 12 to 20[%]. The electrostrictive strain at various temperature investigated in the temperature range of $-50[^{\circ}C]~74[^{\circ}C].$ In higher temperature than phase transition region, it showed paraelectric property which shows very small hystersis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2019

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a critical problem worldwide. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa is due partly to the production of several cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors. This study examined the distribution of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) isolated from a tertiary hospital in Daejeon, Korea. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to determine for the presence of virulence genes. In addition, the sequence type (ST) of MDR P. aeruginosa was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among 32 CRPA isolates, 14 (43.8%) were MDR and the major ST was ST235 (10 isolates, 71.4%). All isolates were positive for the presence of virulence genes and the most prevalent virulence genes were toxA, plcN, and phzM (100%). All isolates carried at least eight or more different virulence genes and nine (28.1%) isolates had 15 virulence genes. The presence of the exoU gene was detected in 71.4% of the MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. These results indicate that the presence of the exoU gene can be a predictive marker for the persistence of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
• /
• 2017.03a
• /
• pp.226-235
• /
• 2017

이 논문에서는 워핑 구속조건이 박벽 구조물의 비틀림 거동에 주는 효과를 확인하였다. Vlasov torsion theory를 통해 얻은 이론해 및 EDISON SW의 해석해를 St.Venent torsion theory를 통해 얻은 이론해와 비교하는 방법으로 그 영향을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 Clamped end조건이 단면의 형상 및 단면의 세부 파라미터에 따라 단면의 워핑발생을 제한하여 비틀림거동에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인했다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we propose suggestions for developing a Metaverse platform for educational purpose utilizing a Delphi study method with experts on Metaverse and digital education. 17 experts participated in the 1st study and 16 took part in the 2nd study, and data was collected via emails from January 5th to 10th for the 1st study and from January 12th to 17th for the 2nd study in 2022. Collected data in the 1st study was analyzed by applying content analysis. The results for the 1st study indicated that there were 120 sub-factors were derived from 7 main questions(the necessity of a Metaverse platform for future education, how to use the Metaverse platform for education to improve the capacities needed for future human resources, problems that may arise during education using the Metaverse platform, the functions that the Metaverse platform for education should have, the infrastructure and environment required when using the Metaverse platform for education, how to use the Metaverse effectively as a learning space, subjects and educational contents that will be effective if conducted on the Metaverse platform for education). The results for the 2nd study were presented by being ranked with calculated means of sub-factors for each question. Finally, based on the results, suggestions for building a Metaverse platform for educational purpose are stated and limitations of the study and possible future study are discussed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 1998

Fractures of the scapula are relatively uncommon injuries and treatment in the vast majority of cases remains nonsurgical and the results have been quite satisfactory. But the scapular fracture itself may be neglected because of its high incidence of many kinds of associated injuries so its delayed treatment sometimes gives bad and unpredictable results. Although open reduction and internal fixation has been accepted as the treatment of choice for displaced intra-articular fractures in many anatomical regions, there has been no definite treatment principles of surgical indications and approaches in the glenohumeral joint. At our institution, II displaced intra-articular fractures of the glenohumeral joint were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from March 1993 to February 1997. This paper reports the results of treating 11 displaced intra­articular fractures of the glenoid by open reduction and internal fixation. There were 10 men and one woman and the fractures were classified according to Ideberg : Type Ⅰa(4), Type Ⅱ(3), Type Ⅲ(1), Type IV(1), Type Va(1), and Type Vc(1).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 2003

A primary pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor derived from the intimal layer of the pulmonary artery. Its clinical presentation can lead to a misdiagnosis of more common diseases such as thromboembolic disease. It is known to have a very poor prognosis. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of a primary pulmonary artery sarcoma is difficult and often delayed. We experienced a case of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking a pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was admitted as a result of progressive dyspnea and coughing. The lung perfusion scan showed a large perfusion defect involving almost the entire right lung and suspicious small perfusion defects in the left upper lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest showed an enhancing nodule within the thrombus in the right pulmonary artery. The mass was removed completely by surgery, but the patient died as a result of shock.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.235-248
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the width of attached gingiva of 414 subjects with healthy gingiva, or early stage of gingivitis. We compared the differences according to the tooth location, age (Yonger group : $14{\sim}30$, Older group : $31{\sim}67$) and gender. In addition, we compared the width of attached gingiva in the subjects with less than 2 sites of gingival recession($Re{\leq}2$) and the subjects with more than 3 sites of gingival recession($Re{\geq}3$) to study the relationship between the gingival recession and the width of attached gingiva. The results were as follows : 1. The width of keratinized gingiva was widest in maxillary incisors($5.3{\pm}1.4mm$) and narrowest in mandibular right 1st bicuspid and mandibular right and left 2nd molars($3.5{\pm}1.1mm$). 2. The width of attached gingiva was widest in maxillary right central incisor($3.8{\pm}1.5mm$) and narrowest in mandibular right 2nd molar($1.2{\pm}1.0mm$). 3. In the comparison between the age groups, the width of keratinized in older group was significantly (p<0.05) wider than that in younger group in maxillary right and left 1st bicuspids, mandibular right and left 1st and 2nd molars, maxillary right and left cuspids and mandibular right 1st bicuspid. There was no significant difference in the width of attached gingiva between the two groups except for maxillary right and left 1st molars and maxillary left 2nd molar. 4. In the comparison between male group and female group, in maxillary right and and left lateral incisors and cuspids, mandibular right and left cuspids and 1st bicuspids, the width of attached gingiva in female was significantly(p<0.05) wider than that in male group. 5. In the comparison between the Re 3 group and Re 2 group, there was no significant difference except for maxillary right and left 2nd molars and maxillary left 1st molar. 6. The frequency of gingival recession was m the order of mandibular right 1st bicuspid(16.6%), maxillary right 1st bicuspid(13.7%), maxillary and mandibular left 1st bicuspids (13.4%), mandibular left cuspid (10.5%), maxillary left and mandibular right cuspids(10.1%) and maxillary right cuspid(7.9%).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this article is analyzing the impacts of climate change on winter chinese cabbage yield in Korea, with employing a panel data regression model. Our results show that there is a negative impacts of high temperature and precipitation amount on winter chinese cabbage yields. Especially high temperature and rainfall in September cause serious damage to winter chinese cabbage yield. According to the reduction schedule on greenhouse gas emission(RCP 4.5 scenario.), winter chinese cabbage yield would be 7.7% lower than it is, for reasons of high temperature and rainfall damages by the end of 21st century.