• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2013

In this study, to identify ichthyofauna of the Seomjin River, which has no barrage at estuary, and to estimate effect of estuary barrage, fish sampling was conducted at 16 study sites in mainstream of the Seomjin River from 2010 to 2012. A total of 54 species classified into 17 families were collected. Cyprinidae was the dominant family and Zacco platypus (relative abundance, RA: 47.8%) was identified as the dominant species. In total, 17 Korean endemic species (31.5%) were collected, and it is higher than the average endemic rate of Korean peninsula (22.5~25.9%). Although the relative abundance of exotic species (1.1%) was low, it is higher than the past studies (2002: 0.0%, 2009: 0.4%). Dominance index of freshwater region (St.4~St.16) was relatively higher than estuary (St.1~St.3), because Z. platypus showed high relative abundance at freshwater region. But diversity and evenness index showed contradictory results, as estuary was higher than freshwater region. The ratios of sea fish, peripheral freshwater fish and economic fish, and diversity index are higher than the Nakdong River, the Yeongsan River and the Geum River. In conclusion, to conserve the value of the Seomjin River ichthyofauna, continuous monitoring is necessary.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.105-107
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• 2015

A 4-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was referred to Chonbuk National University Animal Medical Center with inability to blink and drooping lower lip on the right side after traumatic accident. Through clinical examination, the horse was diagnosed as right-sided facial nerve paralysis. Acupuncture treatment was performed to treat the facial nerve paralysis. The selected acupoints were ST3, ST5, ST7, ST9, SI17, CV24 and Yintang. At the end of the $2^{nd}$ weeks of electroacupuncture treatment, the palpebral reflex was normally recovered. One month after the therapy, symmetry of the face was completely accomplished without the drooping lower lip. This case shows that electroacupuncture should be considered as an effective therapy for the traumatic facial nerve paralysis in horse.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.444-453
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• 2014

In this paper, we made sausages which included 1% black garlic extracts at $15^{\circ}Bx$ mixed with 0.3% dried powders of Curcuma longa L. (ST1), Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (ST2), Asparagus ocinals L. (ST3) and Aloe vera (ST4), respectively, and evaluated the quality of the sausage by instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation. The sausages were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. In terms of color intensity, ST2 provided the highest lightness (L) and redness (a), while the yellowness (b) was the highest in ST3. In the initial duration, the control group of sausage showed the highest texture measurement. ST4 had the lowest pH level (highest acidity). These outcomes decreased as the storage time became longer. In the initial storage duration, the ST4 had the highest total sugar content ($17.64{\pm}0.92mg/100g$), and this increased with longer storage duration. Since the contents of TBARS for the proposed sausages had been incremented, the initial contents were generally lower than those of the control sausages. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was performed as $89.11{\pm}0.66{\sim}99.22{\pm}0.09%$ at the $1000{\mu}g/mL$ level during the initial day of storage. To conclude, the sausages supplemented the black garlic with the proposed dried powders have a high chance of being a suitable commercial product for both customs and marketing eld.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1993

The study was conducted to investigate the effects on environmental factors on the reproductive performance of Korean native cattle based on the data from 13, 588 records which were surveyed from 1983 to 1992. The results obtained in this study are as follows; 1. Mean performaces of the reproductive traits were 510.2days for the age at 1st service, 525.0days for the age at 1st conception, 808.7 days for the age at 1st calving, 102.5 days for the days to 1st conception postpartum and 388.6 days of the calving inverval. The cows of Chunbuk province were tended to be bred and calved at younger age and showed shorter calving interval than those of other provinces. 2. The effect of birth year was significant for the reproductive performances, especially, in 1986~1987 when the cattle prices dropped sharply and reproductive performances were poor. 3. The times of 1st service and 1st conception of heifers calved in spring tended to be delayed. Days to 1st conception postpartum, calving interval and days to 1st service postpartum of cows calved in fall were shorter than other calving season's cows. 4. Days to 1st conception postpartum, calving interval and days to 1st service postpartum of cow's were shortened and gestation length was prolonged as the number of parity increases.

• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

Population dynamics of Anabaena and the anatoxin-a concentration were monitored with physicochemical parameters at 3 sites in the lower Naktong River from May to September in 2000. Total 4 species of Anabaena (A. flosaquae, A. smithii, A. ucrainica and A. mucosa) were identified with morphological characterisitcs. Anabaena flos-aquae was most abundant among the populations. The standing crop of Anabaena ranged from 10 to 11,220 cells · $ml^{-1}$ and biomass of Anabaena more 1,000 cells · $ml^{-1}$ was obseved once at St. Mulgeum and St. Seonam, twice at St. Hagueon out of total 9 samplings. There were not significant correlations between the standing crop of Anabaena and other physicochemical parameters such as temperature, nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphate, total phophorus and N/P ratios. The frequency of trichomes with akinetes was low and ranged from 0 to 4% in the total Anabaena population and A. smithii showed highest frequency of 2.8% among all species. The population at St. Seonam showed highest frequency of 1.4% among all sampling sties. The population in September showed the highest frequency of 3.0% among all sampling period. The frequency of trichomes with heterocysts was low and ranged from 1 to 87% inthe total Anabaena population and A. smithii showed highest frequency of 55.1% among all species. The population at St. Mulgeum showed highest frequency of 17.6% among all sampling sites. The population in August showed the highest frequency of 21.4% among all sampling period. The frequency of trichomes with akinetes and/or heterocysts was not related to all the physicochemical parameters of temperature, nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphate, total phosphorus and N/P ratios. The anatoxin-a concentations were determined in algal materials dominated by Microcystis and Anabaena from June though August by derivatization using 7-fluoro-4-nitro-2, 1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) and HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection. All the concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.1 ㎍ · $l^{-1}$ in the present study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7843-7846
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• 2015

Background: Some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, there are few studies on association between stromelysin-2 (ST-2) and invasive behavior of HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate Stromelysin-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 81 specimens, including 61 HNSCC and 20 non neoplastic epithelium. Sections with 5 micron thickness were prepared and stained with immunohistochemistry technique. Then expression of ST-2 was evaluated according to percentage of stained cells and intensity of staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21) using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests (P<0.05). Results: The 61 HNSCC specimens were grades I 36.1%, II 34.4% and III 29.5%. The level of ST-2 expressions were moderate (++) and intensive (+++) in 21.3% and 78.7% of tumors, respectively. The ST-2 expression level was only significant between the tumors with grade I and grade III (P=0.016). Tumors presented ST-2 expression with staining intensity of mild 6.6%, moderate 26.2% and strong 67.2%. Staining intensity of ST-2 in grade I tumors was significantly lower than grade II and grade III (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between grades II and III (P=0.99). Conclusions: According to this study, the expression of ST-2 is associated with histopathological grade and tumor differentiation in HNSCCs.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.586-592
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• 2011

In this study, we synthesized vinylbenzyl chloride-co-styrene-co hydroxyethyl acrylate (VBC-co-St-co-HEA) copolymer that can be applied to redox the flow battery process. The anion exchange membrane was prepared by the amination and crosslinking of VBC-co-St-co-HEA copolymer. The chemical structure and thermal properties of VBC-co-St-co-HEA copolymer and aminated VBC-co-St-co-HEA(AVSH) membrane were characterized by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR, TGA, and GPC analysis. The membrane properties such as ion exchange capacity(IEC), electrical resistance, ion conductivity and efficiency of all-vanadium redox flow battery were measured. The IEC value, electrical resistance, and ion conductivity were 1.17 meq/g, $1.9{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, 0.009 S/cm, respectively. The charge-discharge efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency from all-vanadium redox flow battery test were 99.5, 72.6 and 72.1%, respectively.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the articulation between the kindergarten and 1st grade in mathematics education. for this purpose, the problems of this study selected as follows ：(ⅰ) What is the mathematical concepts related between the kindergarten curriculum and the 1st grade curriculum\ulcorner (ⅱ) How is the mathematics classroom in the kindergarten and 1st grade\ulcorner (ⅲ) Which instructional materials are used in the kindergarten and the 1st grade\ulcorner (ⅳ) What is the new direction of articulation between the kindergarten and first grade in mathematics education\ulcorner The results of this study are as follows ： (ⅰ) According to examining each curriculum the focus is on understanding the basic concepts of number in the kindergarten, on the concepts of number, addition and subtraction in the 1st grade. (ⅱ) By being analyzed the mathematics classrooms of the kindergarten and the 1 st grade, it is different the focus of lessons or the teaching strategies. (ⅲ) As a result of analysing the teaching plans in the kindergarten and the survey in the first grade teachers, used instructional materials are manipulative ones. While mainly used materials are puzzles and blocks in kindergarten, a paduk stone, number cards, sankagi are used in 1st grade. (ⅳ) Finally, we propose the direction of articulation between the kindergarten and 1st grade in mathematics education.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know the temperature difference between hysterectomy patients and non-hysterectomy patients. Methods : We studied 45 who had and 45 non-hysterectomy visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ medical center from January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2010. We measured 3 points temperature of specific acupoints-Chonjung(CV17), Chungwan(CV12), Kwanwon(CV4) by DITI in each group. And then we checked the difference of temperature between CV17 and CV4, CV12 and CV4. For statistics, we used Independent T-test and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results : There is no statistically differences between hysterectomy group and non-hysterectomy group on CV17, CV12, CV4 and CV12-CV4 temperature. There is statistically significant difference between group and group on CV17-CV4 temperature. Conclusion : The result showed that the difference between Chonjung(CV17) and Kwanwon(CV4) is higher in group than non-hysterectomy group. Further study will be needed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.663-667
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• 1992

The production of vinegar containing 16.0-18.0% of acetic acid was examined in two stage fermentation consisting of semi-continuous and fed-batch type. The optimum conditions were obtained when the fermentation was carried out at agitation of 600 rpm, aeration of 0.1 vvm and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. The initial and residual ethanol concentration in 1st stage were $50.0g/{\ell}$ and $5.0g/{\ell}$, respectively, and the ethanol concentration in 2nd stage was maintained from 5.0 to $10.0g/{\ell}$. The maximum productivity was 3.3 gll-hr and the acidity was 17.6% after the two days of acetic acid fermentation.