• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1979

The first Mitral Commissurotomy was performed for tight mitral stenosis on March 1957. The patient was at that time 22-year-old male, student. The longest follow 9p for 22 years and 8 months has been obtained. During the follow up period, late deterioration due to restenosis developed 4 years after initial good result and reoperation was succeeded by transventricular Mitral Valvotomy with Tubb`s ilator on April 1964. The possible cause of restenosis was attributed to recurrent rheumatic activity. After more than 13 years long-good life following 2nd operation, Endocarditis such as episode of high fever & chill intermittently followed by mild fever and night sweat, I t. tibial artery embolization and rupture of aortic cusp. At present, patient complained of no subjective symptom, enjoying ordinary life {NYHA II]. Blood pressure has been 110/50-60 mmHg, trivial diastolic murmur at apex and moderate degree of mechanical murmur on diastole at Erb`s rea. Neither signs of RVH for mitral stenosis nor sign of LVH. ST-T change for aortic regurgitation appeared yet during last 2 yrs. The patient`s are for prevention of Rheumatic activity and development of endocarditis is important for obtaining the better long-term result.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2005

Objectives : Applying herbal-acupuncture using Ursi Fet into Zusanli (UZ) on to the atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice to study changes in external dermal formation, change of leukocytes in vasculature, change of lipid formation in stratum corneum and distribution of ceramide. This study was done through forcing an injury to the mice's back skin which damages the lipid protection formation in the stratum corneum. Methods : The AD which was caused intentionally using the external application on the mice's back skin was treated with VB; the change of leukocytes in the vasculature was identified through optima 5.2 and Student's t-test and the results were made into a dermal formation graph. Results : After dispensing UZ into the AD, the dermal injury decreased. The recovery of the lipid protection formation which includes lipid and ceramide in the stratum comeum (for suppressing acute inflammation due to factors such as PKC, $TNF-\alpha,\;IL-1\beta$, which controlled the secretion of the relating inflammatory cytokine) also went on to show a decrease of both angiogenesis and degranulated mast cells. In addition, the decrease of epithelial injury also caused the growth of cells to decrease in the stratum basale and cytoclasis. In the vasculature, the leukocytes were also decreased na this could relate to a decrease in AD. Conclusions : UZ has an effect on AD by suppressing dermal injury through the recovery of the lipid protection formation in the stratum corneum.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2004

근시성 굴절이상자 85명 170안을 대상으로 구면 RGP렌즈를 피팅(Fitting)하여 RGP시험렌즈 BCR별, 각막난시량별, 각막의 만곡도별 누액렌즈굴절력 변화를 측정하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. RGP시럼렌즈 BCR의 변경에 의한 누액렌즈 굴절력은 "on-k"에서 -0.25D, 0.05Ft는 -0.46D, 0.10Ft는 -0.63D, 0.05St는 +0.07D, 0.10St는 +0.26D를 보였다. 2. 각막난시량별 RGP렌즈 BCR의 변경에 의한 누액렌즈 굴절력은 "on-k" 상태에서 각막난시 0.75D이하는 -0.25D, 1.00~1.25D는 -0.18D, 1.50~1.75D는 -0.09D, 2.00D이상에서는 -0.39D를 나타냈다. 3. 각막난시량별 시험렌즈 BCR을 0.05mm단계로 변경함에 따른 누액렌즈 굴절력의 변화량은 0.05St와 0.05Ft에서는 ${\pm}0.25D$에 근사한값을 나타냈지만 0.10St와 0.10Ft에서는 ${\pm}0.25D$이하의 불안정한 누액렌즈값을 나타냈다. 4. 각막의 만곡도별 RGP렌즈 BCR의 변경에 의한 누액렌즈 굴절력용 "on-k" 상태에서 7.50mm이하는 -0.40D, 7.55~7.80mm는 -0.11D, 7.85~8.20mm는 -0.20D, 8.25mm이상은 -0.19D를 나타냈다. 5. 각막만곡도별 시험렌즈 BCR을 0.05mm단계로 변경함에 따른 누액렌즈 굴절력의 변화량은 각막의 만곡도가 클수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 8.25mm이상은 평균 ${\pm}0.17D$로 ${\pm}0.25D$이하의 낮은 굴절력을 보였다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Yuebijiashu-tang with Low-Glycemic Diet on the obesity and to improve the oriental medical methods of treatment in obesity patients. Methods : Forty one patients were classified into four groups(Normal, Overweight, 1st Obesity, 2nd Obesity) by Body Mass Index(BMI). Weight, Body Fat Mass, Body Fat Rate, Waist Hip Rate, BMI and Obesity Index were compared in each group by t-test. Results : In distribution of sex, male was 7(17.1%), female was 34(82.9%). Mean age was 37${\pm}$11 and the patients in twenties were the most. Among four groups, the number of 1st obesity groups was the most. In the change of body composition, the reduction of weight was 6.82${\pm}$2.67kg, the reduction of body fat mass was 5.53${\pm}$2.30kg, the reduction of BMI was $2.51{\pm}0.85kg/m^2$, the reduction of body fat rate was 4.61${\pm}$2.17%, the reduction of waist hip rate was 0.019${\pm}$0.013. Conclusion : This study shows that Yu$\'{e}$biji$\~{a}$sh$\`{u}$-t$\~{a}$ng with low-glycemic diet is effective on weight reduction.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and eating behaviors of middle school students in Kwangju area about food and nutrition section of Home Economics course. The subjects were 480 middle school students. The major results were as follows： On the perception f food and nutrition section, the 1st graders learned ‘how to settle the problems related to food and nutrition and food choices’. The 2nd graders learned ‘the knowledge and principle of food and nutrition for improving dietary life’. The 3rd graders learned ‘actual dietary life functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’. Consequently, there was a significant difference in each grade and all boy and girl students have the highest response to the item ‘they learn how to settle the nutrition problem and foods choices’. On the interests in food and nutrition section, lower graders and girl students have higher interest than hgiher graders and boy students. The area which was considered as most interesting in food and nutrition sections was ‘cooking’ in all students. The perception of the concern on dietary life after learning food and nutrition section was higher in the 1st graders. On the perception of the area where was a great change in their own dietary life after learning food and nutrition section, the 1st graders responded there was a great change in ‘balanced dietary life’, the 2nd graders in ‘eating habit and nutrition of adolescence’and the 3rd graders in ‘cooking’. Especially, girl students showed more changes. On the perception of degree which food and nutrition section gives a help to actual life, students over 50% responded that it was helpful to their actual life. This showed that the lower the grades, the more help it gave to those students. On the perception of mother’s job, the students with working mother considered that they learned ‘actual dietary life functions like functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’from the food and nutrition section. In addition, they had high interests in the area of ‘cooking’. It was recognized that as the family size was greater, the food and nutrition section gave more helps to actual life. On eating behaviors of breakfast, the higher the grade, the more frequent they don’t have breakfast, boy students have more frequencies of having breakfast than girl students and the primary reason of not having breakfast is poor appetite. On whether going without a meal affects study or not, most of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd graders whether they are boys and girls or not responded it affected their study. On eating behaviors of lunch, most of boy and girl students in the 1st, 2nd 3rd grade have lunch box. On eating behaviors of supper, eating time is usually between 7：00 and 8：00 p.m and eating hour is mostly 10 or 15 minutes. On eating behaviors between meals, frequency of eating between meals is mostly once or twice a day and girl students have more frequencies of eating between meals, and the cause was hunger commonly in boy and girl students and ‘killing time’in girl students. The focus in getting the foods is ‘taste’and favorite food is fruit regardless of the grade.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-60
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Su-Gi therapy for Bell's palsy by using DITI. Methods : We investigated 16 patients with Bell's palsy who had visited in the H Korean medicine hospital in Gyeonggi Province from December 27th, 2010 to April 8th, 2015. The Su-Gi therapy was done by 1 times daily. We evaluated the change of them by using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging and Yanagihara's unweighted grading system. Results : There aren't meaningful differences in values for the meridian points in pretest and posttest which were observed by DITI of abnormal side and normal side. There are meaningful differences in values, for abnormal side and normal side of the meridian points in pretest and posttest of DITI. It was of significance that pretest Y and average ΔT of each the meridian points in the type of hyperthermia but not in the type of hypothermia. In the Correlation analysis of values of pretest and posttest, chaotic aspects of body heat distribution in the pretest change as a relatively consistent aspects in the posttest. It wasn't of significance that Correlation Analysis of Ups and downs in temperature of TE17 and Recovery speed observed by ΔY. In simple regression analysis of posttest's Y-system values against absolute ΔT by subtracting ΔTE17 from ΔST6, we didn't predict in the pretest, but could predict significantly in the posttest(Regression coefficient : -2.11) In the regression analysis result of the meridian points' ||pretest ΔT|-|posttest ΔT||, 陽白(GB14) and 頰車(ST6) are of significance (Total R-Square=0.447). But we couldn't obtain final regression analysis model. Conclusions: These results suggest that Su-Gi therapy may be effective for Bell's palsy.

• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.507-524
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• 2008

In this paper, future climate changes over East Asia($20^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}N$, $100^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ}E$) are projected by anthropogenic forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols using coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B1, A1B and A2 scenarios. Before projection future climate, model performance is assessed by the $20^{th}$ Century (20C3M) experiment with bias, root Mean Square Error (RMSE), ratio of standard deviation, Taylor diagram analysis. The result of examination of the seasonal uncertainty of T2m and PCP shows that cold bias, lowered than that of observation, of T2m and wet bias, larger than that of observation, of PCP are found over East Asia. The largest wet bias is found in winter and the largest cold bias is found in summer. The RMSE of temperature in the annual mean increases and this trend happens in winter, too. That is, higher resolution model shows generally better performances in simulation T2m and PCP. Based on IPCC SRES scenarios, East Asia will experience warmer and wetter climate in the coming $21^{st}$ century. It is predict the T2m increase in East Asia is larger than global mean temperature. As the latitude goes high, the warming over the continents of East Asia showed much more increase than that over the ocean. An enhanced land-sea contrast is proposed as a possible mechanism of the intensified Asian summer monsoon. But, the inter-model variability in PCP changes is large.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid pain assessment tool suitable for critically ill patients with communication problem in Korean intensive care unit. Methods: This pain assessment tool, Critical Care Non-verbal Pain Scale (CNPS), was developed based on review of national and international researches. Data were collected from ten intensive care units at five major general hospitals in Seoul. Reliability and validity were tested during performance of position change and endotracheal suctioning. Pain was measured before, during, and 20 minutes after the two procedures. Results: Interrater reliability of the CNPS was analyzed by ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficients). ICC values were significant from .833 to .883. Significant correlation between the FPS (Face Pain Scale) scores and the CNPS scores verified concurrent validity of the CNPS. For position change, CNPS scores increased significantly between before and during (t=-23.399, p<.001) and decreased significantly between during and 20 minutes after (t=22.760, p<.001). For endotracheal suctioning, CNPS scores increased significantly between before and during (t=-29.064, p<.001) and significantly decreased between during and 20 minutes after (t=28.194, p<.001), verifying construct validity of the CNPS. Conclusion: Results indicate that the CNPS can be used to assess pain of critically ill patients who have communication problem.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.408-421
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• 2012

이 연구는 태권도 수련집단과 비수련집단의 신체적 자기개념 인식에 대한 변화차이를 규명하는 것에 목적이 있었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구대상은 S시에서 1개 초등학교를 연구자가 임의로 선정하였다. 그리고 ACSM(2000) 운동 가이드라인 기준에 따라 태권도 참여집단 30명, 비참여집단 40명을 선정한 후 12주 간격으로 3차례에 걸쳐 반복측정을 통한 이원혼합설계를 활용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 이것의 통계처리방법은 SPSS 12.0 for Windows를 활용한 기술통계, 이원변량분석, 대응 t검정과 독립 t검정이었다. 이러한 과정을 토대로 연구를 수행한 결과에 기초하여 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 첫째, 태권도 수련집단과 비수련집단은 측정시점에 따라 신체적 자기개념의 변화패턴에는 전반적으로 차이가 있다. 둘째, 태권도 수련집단과 비수련집단의 신체적 자기개념 점수는 1차보다 2차가 그리고 1차보다 3차가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 태권도 수련집단과 비수련집단 간에 신체적 자기개념에서는 2차와 3차 측정에서 집단 간에 차이가 있다. 즉, 두 집단은 태권도 수련에 따른 신체적 자기개념의 변화패턴에는 전반적으로 차이가 있다. 결론적으로 태권도 수련은 유소년의 신체적 자기개념 변화에 효과가 있다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shinmun-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy (ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Shinmun acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction (迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads I, II and III in ECG. Results : In lead I , acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead II, during the acupuncture treated group by inserting the needle in the opposite direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of T wave duration, and after the acupuncture group by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of PR interval. In lead III, acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of ST duration, PR interval and QT interval. Conclusions : These results suggested that Shinmun acupuncture stimulation plays an important role on the activities of ECG.