• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2019

Objectives: The Yongpung reservoir in Korea is a crucial facility that supplies water to farms in its surrounding $2km^2$ area. However, its water quality is not suited to the needs of current residents who wish for the availability of environmentally friendly agricultural products and desire to use the waterfront area. The aim of this research was to evaluate the reservoir's fish and benthic macroinvertebrate distributions and determine its water quality and the heavy metal content in its sediment. This basic data can be used to establish environmentally protective plans for the Yongpung reservoir. Methods: Six sites were selected for analysis in this investigation. Three points (YP-1, YP-2, and YP-3) were evaluated for water quality and metal content in sediments; they were located upstream, midstream, and downstream of the reservoir. Samplings of the fish and benthic macroinvertebrate populations were performed at three other sites: St. 1, St. 2, and St. 3. Results: Based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (T-N) data, the quality of the Yongpung reservoir water corresponds to Class VI (very poor) according to Korea's lake environmental standards. The lead levels measured in the sediment at the midstream and downstream points of the reservoir were 76.7 and 72.7 mg/kg, respectively, while 8 orders, 15 families, and 16 species of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified in the reservoir. The ecological score of the benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) was between 8 and 23, denoting poor to very poor environmental conditions. Further, 4 families and 7 species of fish were identified in the reservoir, with Cyprinidae accounting for 94.3% of all observed freshwater fish. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that management plans, including the removal of lead from the sediment, are necessary to improve the quality of the agricultural water in this reservoir. The T. japonica, which cover almost 30% of the water area, must also be removed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the current trends in experimental studies on the acupuncture moxibustion treatment for visceral hypersensitivity. Methods : PubMed was searched for experimental studies about visceral hypersensitivity and acupuncture/moxibustion. Data were extracted and tabulated from the selected articles about experimental method, intervention, result and mechanism. Results : Total 23 articles were reviewed. Chronic visceral hypersensitivity animal model was applied in 17 studies (74%). Visceral hypersensitivity was measured by abdominal withdrawal reflex scoring or/and abdominal electromyogram. Acupoints like ST25, ST36, ST37, BL25, LI11, BL32 and PC6 were treated by electroacupuncture or moxibustion. All articles reported that electroacupuncture or moxibustion treatment is significantly effective in reducing visceral hypersensitivity. Treatment mechanisms were studied, related to mast cell, serotonin (5-HT) and receptor (5-HT3R and 5-HT4R), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), c-fos positive cell, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), purinergic 2X (P2X)2, P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR1 and NR2B), prokinectin (PK) 1 and PK2. Conclusions : Evidences on acupuncture/moxibustion treatment for visceral hypersensitivity in animal studies warrant more research on effective acupoins, electro-acupuncture methods and treatment durations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.485-494
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, turmeric diet groups (BT, ST) in lipid component as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin and globulin contents were increased in turmeric supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the turmeric diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BT, ST and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were effective in the blood glucose and lipid metabolism functional improvement.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 2020

Background: Bevacizumab-induced proteinuria is known to occur when vascular endothelial cell receptors are blocked, which leads to decreased protein filtration. Although several studies have analyzed the correlation between therapeutic effect of bevacizumab and proteinuria, no conclusion has been established. Methods: In this retrospective study, colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab and urinary protein check from January 2015 to December 2016, were included. The incidence of proteinuria and the grade according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 4.0 were evaluated after bevacizumab administration. The primary objective was to correlate proteinuria with overall response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP). Primary lesion, metastasized organs, surgery or radiation therapy, chemotherapy were investigated for analysis of risk factors for proteinuria development. Results: A total of 149 patients included in the analysis. Proteinuria occurred 19.5% (n=29) in the study patients; 20 in grade 1, 7 in grade 2, and 2 in grade 3. ORR was 55.2% in the proteinuria group and 51.7% in the non-proteinuria group. There was no difference between two groups (p=0.89). The TTP through the survival curve was similar in both groups (10 months, p=0.97). The risk of proteinuria was high in patients who had liver metastasis (p=0.02) and no surgery (p=0.01). Conclusions: These result indicates that bevacizumab-induced proteinuria expression was not correlated with the therapeutic effect on patients with colorectal cancer. Further analysis is required to find out the correlation between proteinuria and therapeutic effects. The risk of proteinuria was increased from patients who had liver metastasis, and no surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2022

Background: We evaluated the effect of particulate matter (PM) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on bronchial epithelial cell survival, as well as oxidative stress and autophagy levels. Moreover, we aimed to assess the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the adverse effects of PM and CSE exposure. Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were exposed to urban PM with or without CSE, after which cytotoxic effects, including oxidative stress and autophagy levels, were measured. After identifying the toxic effects of urban PM and CSE exposure, the effects of NAC treatment on cell damage were evaluated. Results: Urban PM significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, which was further aggravated by simultaneous treatment with CSE. Notably, pretreatment with NAC at 10 mM for 1 hour reversed the cytotoxic effects of PM and CSE co-exposure. Treatment with 1, 5, and 10 mM NAC was shown to decrease reactive oxygen species levels induced by exposure to both PM and CSE. Additionally, the autophagy response assessed via LC3B expression was increased by PM and CSE exposure, and this also attenuated by NAC treatment. Conclusion: The toxic effects of PM and CSE co-exposure on human bronchial epithelial cells, including decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress and autophagy levels, could be partly prevented by NAC treatment.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.466-469
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• 2002

An experiment has been conducted to measure the impact of UV radiation sensitivity on dermatophytes (Microsporum boullardii) by different UV radiation exposure time interval (1 min, 2 min 5 min, 10 min and 20 min) in degradation of keratin (Feather) in growth promoting substances of protein, cysteine, cystine and methionine from 7 to 28 days of incubation period. Mutant strain caused maximum weight loss with 1 minutes of UV radiation exposure at 21 day and mutant strain became immune in sensitivity at 14 days for decomposition of feathers. Maximum protein caused at 21st days with 20 minutes U.V radiation exposure and immune sensitivity had deducted with other UV radiation exposure time. On 28 days, mutant strains became immune with all exposure times, Whereas maximum methionine caused at 21st days with 20 minutes UV radiation exposure. Maximum cysteine caused at $14^{th}$ day with 5 minutes UV radiation exposure and mutant strain showed immune response at all time periods. Cystine production was also followed by cysteine at 21 day and also showed complete immune response with 1 and 2 minutes UV radiation exposure at7 and 14 days. Thus mutant strain of Microspornm boullardii can be used as a biotechnological tool for production of growth promoting substances.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

Iron aluminophosphates (FeAlP) with different percentage of iron were synthesized and characterized for their surface and bulk properties. The catalytic activity was determined in the transesterification of diethyl malonate with benzyl alcohol. Benzyl ethylmalonate and dibenzyl malonate were obtained as the only products. FeAlP with 0.025 mole % of iron was found to be distinctly different in its textural and catalytic properties. Formation of diester was found to be favored by the acid sites of intermediate strength. The presence of hydrated alumina and the polycondensed phosphates in the materials reduced the catalytic activity of iron aluminophosphates in transesterification reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

It is important to begin left ventricular assist device (LVAD) treatment at appropriate time for heart failure patients who expect cardiac recovery after the therapy. In order to predict the optimal timing of LVAD implantation, we predicted pumping efficacy of LVAD according to the severity of heart failure theoretically. We used LVAD-implanted cardiovascular system model which consist of 8 Windkessel compartments for the simulation study. The time-varying compliance theory was used to simulate ventricular pumping function in the model. The ventricular systolic dysfunction was implemented by increasing the end-systolic ventricular compliance. Using the mathematical model, we predicted cardiac responses such as left ventricular peak pressure, cardiac output, ejection fraction, and stroke work according to the severity of ventricular systolic dysfunction under the treatments of continuous and pulsatile LVAD. Left ventricular peak pressure, which indicates the ventricular loading condition, decreased maximally at the 1st level heart-failure under pulsatile LVAD therapy and 2nd level heart-failure under continuous LVAD therapy. We conclude that optimal timing for pulsatile LVAD treatment is 1st level heart-failure and for continuous LVAD treatment is 2nd level heart-failure when considering LVAD treatment as "bridge to recovery".

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.267-280
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• 2013

The marine algal flora of the Keret Archipelago ($66^{\circ}$ N, $33^{\circ}$ E) in the White Sea, Russia was investigated during 2008. Over 250 algal records from more than 15 islands and several sites on the adjoining mainland produced a total of 62 algal species. This raised the total from 56 to 88 species of Chlorophyta (23 species), Phaeophyceae (31 species), Rhodophyta (33 species), and Tribophyceae (1 species) of which seven were new records or verifications of ambiguous records for the White Sea and 11 species are new for the Keret Archipelago. The new or confirmed records included species of Blidingia, Eugomontia, Prasiola, Rosenvingiella, and Ulothrix (Chlorophyta), Acrochaetium, Colaconema (Rhodophyta), and Vaucheria (Tribophyceae). Five species of flowering plants (Aster, Plantago, Triglochin, and Zostera) were associated with the macrophytic algal vegetation of the region. Five fucoid algae in Pelvetia, Fucus, and Ascophyllum provide a picture of a temperate flora. Regardless, the overall species richness is consistent with an arctic nature to the flora. This discrepancy is attributed to the 'filter' provided by the Barents Sea of the Arctic Ocean for post-glacial colonization of the White Sea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.E1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

To evaluate the correct separation capacity of cascade impactor for liquid aerosol, theoretical and experimental calculations of 50% cut-off diameter(ECOD(sub)50) were performed. A recalculation method of original diameter for hemispheric liquid aerosol collected on casecad impactor is also proposed newly using fixation technique. Calculated values for theoretical (ECOD(sub)50) of 40stage cascade impactor are 20, 6.4, 2.8, and 1.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ at 1st- ,2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-stage, respectively. A good agreement between the result of theoretical (ECOD(sub)50) and that og experimental ones was obtained at Stage 2 and 3. On the other hand, relatively large differences were found at Stage 1 and 4. Fixation for liquid aerosols using ${\alpha}$-cyanoacrylate monomer was performed successfully. The orignal diameter of liquid aerosols collected on each stage was calculated. The maximum levels of number size distribution curves at each stage are 19.8, 6.5, 3.1 and 1.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ at 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-stage, respectively. The distortion of separation capacity of cascade impactor due to the split, merger, disappearance, and evaporation of liquid aerosols in the fluid did not occur.