• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2023

Saussurea dorogostaiskii Palib. (Asteraceae) is a critically endangered medicinal plant in Mongolia and Russia. We studied the genetic variation of S. dorogostaiskii from three mountains of northern Mongolia. The genetic profile was assessed in 70 individuals from eight populations using five inter-simple sequence repeat markers, producing 53 loci with 96.4% polymorphism across all bands. Shannon's index (I) and Nei's gene diversity (H) value at the species level of S. dorogostaiskii are 0.25 and 0.17, respectively. An AMOVA showed high genetic variation among the populations (22% of populations and 32% of mountains), consistent with the high genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.49) and low gene flow (N_m = 0.51) in S. dorogostaiskii populations. Eight populations were clustered into two groups, corresponding to their geographic locations. The low within-population genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation among S. dorogostaiskii populations factor into their endangered designation. This genetic analysis reveals that all populations are equally threatened, and community-based conservation is appropriate for these species.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 2023

Barium Bismuth Oxide Borate (BBOB) has been synthesized for the first time using solution combustion technique. SEM analysis reveal flower shape of the nanoparticles. The formation of the nanoparticles has been confirmed through XRD & FTIR studies which gives the physical and chemical structure of the novel material. The UV light absorption is observed in the range 200-300 nm. The present study highlights the radiation shielding ability of BBOB for different radiations like X/Gamma rays, Bremsstrauhlung and neutrons. The gamma shielding efficiency is comparable to that of lead in lower energy range and lesser than lead in the higher energy range. The bremsstrauhlung exposure constant is comparably larger for BBOB NPs than that of concrete and steel however it is lesser than that of lead. The beauty of BBOB nanoparticles lies in, high absorption of radiations and low emission of secondary radiations when compared to lead. In addition, the neutron shielding parameters like scattering length, absorption and scattering cross sections of BBOB are found to be much better than lead, steel and concrete. Thus, BBOB nanoparticles are highly efficient in absorbing X/Gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrauhlung radiations.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2009

Coupled with the international expansion of Korean culture in recent years, a number of restaurants from Korea have been trying to tap into the global market place. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of non-Korean patrons in Korean Restaurants in New-york city. The survey was conducted at six popular Korean restaurants, all of which had been recognized in the Zagat Survey in recent years, located in prime business districts in Manhattan. The data collected from the six local Korean restaurants that participated in this study were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. After employing individual in-depth interviews with restaurant operators, a qualitative analysis identified demographic characteristics, Socioeconomic characteristics and segmentation of restaurant operation. Self-administrated survey questionnaires were used to acquire quantitative data. Primary data were collected from non-Korean patrons at the six participating Korean restaurants in New York City in 2008 (N=245). The patrons who answered the survey indicated that they were highly satisfied with the 'Food'; however, they were not satisfied with the 'Beverage' and 'Value'. In addition, older patrons (55<) were not as content with the 'Food' as the younger patrons. The most influential satisfaction variable that affected a patron's intention to revisit the Korean restaurant was 'Food' and 'Overall experience'. This study findings will help Korean restaurant operators and marketers better understand their patrons and formulate strategies to cater and target segments more effectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical situations requiring rigid bronchoscopy and evaluate usefulness of rigid bronchoscopic intervention in benign or malignant airway disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from November 2007 to February 2011 at St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine. Results: Of the 29 patients, the most frequent underlying etiology was benign stenosis of trachea (n=20). Of those 20 patients, 16 had post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), 2 had tracheal stenosis due to inhalation burn (IBTS) and other 2 had obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP). Other etiologies were airway malignancy (n=6), endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (n=2), and foreign body (n=1). For treatment, silicone stent insertion was done in 16 cases of PITS and IBTS and mechanical removal was performed in 2 cases of OFTP. In 6 cases of malignant airway obstruction mechanical debulking was performed and silicone stents were inserted additionally in 2 cases. Balloon dilatation and electrocautery were used in 2 cases of endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis. In all cases of stent, airway obstructive symptom improved immediately. Granulation tissue formation was the most common complication. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis was most common indication and silicone stenting was most common procedure of rigid bronchoscopy in our center. Rigid bronchoscopic procedures, at least tracheal silicone stenting, should be included in pulmonary medicine fellowship programs because it is a very effective and indispensable method to relieve critical airway obstruction which needs training to learn.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 지구의 운동 관련 개념을 연속적으로 학습하는 과정 속에서 중학생들에게 지구 자전축의 기울기가 일관되게 묘사된 삽화들의 제시가 지구의 자전, 공전에 따른 계절변화, 별자리 변화 등 관련 개념 습득 및 파지에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 중학교 1학년 학생 116명을 대상으로 이질통제집단 사전사후검사 설계를 하였다. 실험집단(n=59)과 통제집단(n=57) 모두 3차시 동안 동일한 내용과 교수방법으로 교수-학습활동을 전개하였으며 실험집단에는 자전축의 기울기 방향이 동일한 삽화들을 제공하였다. 학습 종료 2일 후, 습득된 개념의 두 집단 간 차이를 확인하기 위해 ANCOVA 테스트로 1차 사후검사를 실시하여 비교하였다. 그 결과, 자전축 기울기가 일관되게 표현된 삽화를 제시하였을 경우에 학습의 효과가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 1차 사후 검사에서 실험집단과 통제집단이 습득한 개념들의 파지정도를 비교하기 위해, 2달 후 2차 사후검사를 대응표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 실험집단에서는 1차 사후 검사 점수와 2차 사후 검사 점수의 평균 차이가 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타나 개념의 파지에도 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면, 통제집단에서는 평균의 차이가 유의미하게 나타나 개념의 파지에 부정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 천문 개념을 학습하는데 있어서 학생들에게 유의미한 학습이 되기 위해 일관된 삽화를 사용하는 세심한 배려가 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2012

In Korea, elderly population aged 65 and older are about 5.0% and 10.7% in 1990 and 2009, respectively. Since elderly people may experience physiologic changes with aging and their pharmacodynamic and pharmcokinetic parameters also have been undergone changes, several adverse drug reactions can occur more frequently than young people. Especially, neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions such as delirium and drowsiness endanger elderly patients more. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outpatient prescriptions using drug causing delirium and drowsiness in elderly patients aged 65 and older. We retrospectively reviewed prescriptions for elderly patients collected from four community pharmacies from January 2nd to February 1st, 2010. One pharmacy was located closed to a general hospital, and others were located closed to a internal medicine or an ENT clinic. The each number of the collected prescriptions was followings; Group A (n=496) from internal medicine department of a general hospital; Group B (n=44) from ENT department of general hospital; Group C (n=144) from internal medicine clinic; Group D (n=110) from ENT clinic. In result, in Group A, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.38 In Group B, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.09 In Group C, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.51. In Group D, the average number of prescribed drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx was 2.72. Especially, in Group D, the percentage of prescription that drugs causing delirium or drowsiness per Rx prescribed more than 3 is 52.73% In all the 4 groups, over the 60% of drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness per prescription of elderly patients were prescribed. It means elderly patients take 2 drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness among 3 drugs, which is very serious. Frequently prescribed drugs causing delirium and/or drowsiness were followings; GI agents, antitussives & expectorants, histamine H1 antagonist, analgesics, antibiotics. Among these drugs, GI agents was high raking in all the 4 groups, and pharmacists should caution elderly patients when counseling. In the internal medicine groups (Group A,C), drugs concerning chronic diseases were prescribed frequently. In conclusion, pharmacist's role is important. Pharmacists are well informed of the drugs causing delirium or drowsiness and it is important to explain about ADRs slowly and easily to the elderly patients that receive drugs causing delirium or drowsiness. And institutional device is needed. For example, when doctors prescribe drugs for the elderly patients, message is needed that supply some informations about drugs causing delirium or drowsiness.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the v-shape thread with the square shape thread of fixture in the view of stress distribution pattern using finite element stress analysis. The finite element model was designed with the parallel placement of two standard fixtures(4.0 mm diameter ${\times}$ 11.5 mm length) on the region of mandibular 1st and 2nd molars. Three dimensional finite element model was created with the components of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200 N at the central fossa in a axial direction (load A), 200 N at the buccal offset load that is 2 mm apart from central fossa in a axial direction (load B), 200 N at the buccal offset load that was 4 mm apart from central fossa in a axial direction (load C). These forces of load A',B',C' were applied to a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction at that same site with 200 N. Von Mises stress values were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment screw. The following results have been made based on this study : 1. The highest stress concentration occurred at the cervical region of the implant fixture. 2. Von Mises stress value of off-site region was higher than that of central fossa region. 3. Square shape thread type showed more even stress distribution in the vertical and oblique force than V-shape thread type. 4. Stress distribution was the most effective in the case of buccal offset load (2, 4 mm distance from central fossa) in the square shape thread type. 5. V-shape thread type revealed higher von Mises stress value than square shape thread type in all environmental condition. The results from numerical analyses concluded that square shape thread type had the lower destructive stress and more stress distribution between the fixture and bone interface than V-shape thread type. Therefore, square shape thread type was regarded as optimal thread configuration in biomechanical concepts.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.334-348
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• 2017

Objectives: We investigated the impacts of indoor plants on indoor air quality and occupational health, focusing on allergic rhinconjunctivitis and stress among employees in new office buildings. Methods: A total of 34 employees working at new public office buildings were enrolled as subjects (n=17, with indoor plants) and as a control (n=17) group. Before and after introducing indoor plants for three months, indoor air quality measurements including VOCs and aldehydes and questionnaires on sick building syndrome, AR symptoms (ARIA based), stress (DASS 42, KOSS, and SACL), and indoor characteristics were performed and statistically analysed. Results: Among the 34 enrolled subjects, 19 were included in the probable AR subject group (subjects with indoor plants, n=8, control n=11) and completed all questionnaires. Statistical analyses were done for total, AR subject groups, and controls. As a result, it was confirmed that major indoor air pollutants decreased after the introduction of indoor plants (p<0.5). Among major symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, watery rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, and nasal itching indexes decreased (p<0.5, respectively). A decrease was noted in some areas of work-related stress indexes (mainly KOSS) among the subject group (total and AR) and a decrease of indoor environmental attractiveness among the control group (total and AR) (p<0.5, for all). Conclusions: Indoor plants may help reduce indoor air pollutants and decrease AR symptoms and work-related stress of employees in newly built office buildings. Various further follow-up studies on the mechanism of environmental, physical, and emotional influences and utilization of indoor plants in association with allergic diseases will be needed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2011

본 연구는 국소 허혈성 뇌손상 흰쥐 모델에서 tDCS의 자극 적용시간을 달리하였을 때, 앞다리 운동감각 기능변화와 신경영양인자(GAP-43)발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌손상 모델은 Sprague -Dawley계 흰쥐 80마리를 'Longa'방법을 이용하여 중대뇌동맥(middle cerebral artery)을 폐색하여 유발하였고, 실험군을 4개로 나누었다; 실험군I은 허혈성 뇌손상 유발군(n=20), 실험군II는 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(10분) 적용군(n=20), 실험군III은 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(20분) 적용군(n=20), 실험군IV는 허혈성 뇌손상 유발 후 tDCS(30분) 적용군(n=20)으로 나누었다. 앞다리운동감각 기능검사를 위해 수정된 앞다리배치 검사와 단일 팰릿 닿기 검사를 실시하였으며, 신경가소성에 대한 면역조직화학적 검사로 운동감각 영역에서의 GAP-43 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. 앞다리운동감각 검사는 14일에서 실험군III (p<0.05)이 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 단일 팰릿 닿기 검사는 14일에서 실험군III(p<0.01)과 실험군IV(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 면역조직학적 검사는 14일에 실험군III이 다른 군들에 비해 현저한 면역양성반응의 증가를 보였다. 따라서, 0.1 mA의 강도로 20분간 적용했을 때가 앞다리운동감각 기능과 신경가역성 인자 GAP-43 발현에 가장 좋은 조건임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 1994

축산폐수의 경제적 정화기술을 개발하고자 사상여과조(砂床濾過漕)(모래층 20cm+자갈층 30cm)에 갈대를 재배한 뒤 혐기발효된 양돈폐수의 투입 1, 3, 5, 7일 후 정화 효과를 계절별로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 축산폐수 처리일수가 길수록 갈대에 의한 질소 및 인산의 흡수 이용량이 많아지고 근부에서 발생된 산소로 BOD, COD도 낮아져서 정화 효과가 향상되었다. 2. 갈대의 건물생산량은 7일 처리가 가장 높았고 양분흡수량도 처리기간이 경과할수록 중가하는 경향이었다. 3. 갈대사상여과조는 사상여과조 보다도 오염 물질제거율이 높아 여름의 경우 T - N : 30%, $PO_4^{-3}$: 37%, COD : 42%, 부유물은 30% 더 높은 정화율을 나타내었다. 4. 계절별 축산폐수정화율은 여름철이 가장 높고 가을, 봄 순이었다.