• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2005년도 봄 학술발표회지 제14권(제1호)
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• pp.257-259
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• 2005

서낙동강에서 조사된 식물플랑크톤은 6강 31과 128종류로 녹조류(Chlorophyceae)가 49종류(38.3%), 규조류(Bacillariophyceae)가 44종류(34.4%)였다. 계절별로는 여름에 최고 80종, 겨울에 최소 47종으로 출현하였으나 일반적인 경우와는 상이한 결과였다. 정점별로는 여름에 정점 1에서 63종류로 가장 많은 종수를, 가을과 겨울의 정점 4에서 18종류로 가장 적은 종수로 조사되어 계절별, 정점별 출현종수의 차이는 크게 나타났다. 생태적 주요종은 모두 63종류였고 Actinastrum hantzschii var. fluviatile을 비롯한 33종류가 광분포종, 오수지표종은 Ankistrodesmus falcatus를 비롯하여 28종류, 적조원인종은 Aulacoseira garanulata var. angustissima for. spiralis를 비롯하여 23종류, 우점종으로는 Aphanizomenon flos-aquae를 비롯하여 8종류, 출현빈번종은 Asterionella formosa를 비롯하여 7종이었다. Jaccard's coefficient에 의한 집괴분석을 실시한 결과, 거의 모든 계절에서 서낙동교를 중심으로 서낙동교 상부지역(st. 1 ${\sim}$ st. 3)과 하부지역(st. 4 ${\sim}$ st. 6)으로 구분되거나 또는 담수지역(st. 1 ${\sim}$ st. 4)과 해수의 영향이 미칠 것으로 예상되는 지역(st. 5 ${\sim}$ st. 6)의 두그룹으로 그룹지어졌다.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2000년도 제5차 추계학술대회
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• pp.67-67
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• 2000

• 미생물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1988

수리학적 방법을 이용하여 낙동강 하구에서 분리한 종속영양세균을 분류하였다. 70%의 유사도로 나눈 결과, 정점 l에서 분 리한 균주는 14 clusters로, 정점 2에서 분리한 균주는 17 clusters로, 정정 3에서 분리한 균주는 17 clusters로, 정점 4에서 분리한 균주는 15 clusters로 구분되었다. 각 cluster의 주요 생리학적 및 형태학적 특성으로 분류한 결과, 정점 1에서의 우점 종은 AeroηlOnas, Vibrio, Alcaligenes로, 정점 2에서는 Alcaligenes로, 정점 3에서는 Aeromonas, Vibrio, Moraxell $\alpha$-Acinetobacter group으로, 정점 4에서는 Pseudomonas로 판명되었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) strain against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in layer chickens. Birds were orally primed with the attenuated ST strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (PPI). Sequential monitoring of plasma IgG and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) levels revealed that inoculation with ST induced a significant antibody response to antigens against ST, SE, and SG. Moreover, significant lymphoproliferative responses to the 3 Salmonella serovars were observed in the immunized group. We also investigated protection against virulent ST, SE, and SG strain challenge. Upon virulent SG challenge, the immunized group showed significantly reduced mortality compared to the non-immunized group. The reduced persistence of the virulent ST and SE challenge strains in the liver, spleen, and cecal tissues of the immunized group suggests that immunization with the attenuated ST strain may not only protect against ST infection but can also confer cross protection against SE and SG infection.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2015

Multilocus sequence typing analysis was applied to determine the genotypes of 147 (137 clinical and 10 environmental) Cryptococcus neoformans and three clinical Cryptococcus gattii isolates from 1993 to 2014 in Korea. Among the 137 clinical isolates of C. neoformans, the most prevalent genotype was ST5 (n = 131), followed by ST31 (n = 5) and ST127 (n = 1). Three C. gattii strains were identified as ST57, ST7, and ST113. All environmental isolates were identified as C. neoformans with two genotypes, ST5 (n = 7) and ST31 (n = 3). Our results show that C. neoformans isolates in Korea are genetically homogeneous, and represent a close genetic relationship between clinical and environmental isolates.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2023

Carbapenem 내성 Klebsiella pneumoniae (Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia, CRKP)는 전 세계적인 공중 보건 문제로 대두되고 있다. 최근 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) 생성 sequence type (ST)307은 CRKP의 주요 클론으로 확인되었으며, 국내에서 ST307의 확산이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 2020년 3월부터 2021년 12월까지 대전지역의 3차 병원에서 분리된 CRKP 50균주를 대상으로, 분자 특성과 항균제 내성 양상을 조사하였다. 역학적 관계는 multilocus sequence typing (MLST)를 통해 분석하였고, 항균제 감수성 검사는 디스크 확산법을 통해 확인하였다. PCR과 DNA 염기서열분석은 carbapenemase 유전자 확인을 위해 수행하였다. CRKP감염은 남성과 60세 이상의 환자에서 훨씬 더 빈번하게 확인되었다. CRKP 50균주 중 46균주(92.0%)는 다제내성(MDR)을 보였고, 44균주(88.0%)는 carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CPKP)로 확인되었다. 주요 carbapenemase 유형은 KPC-2 (36균주, 72.0%)였으며, New Delhi metallo-enzyme-1 (NDM-1)과 NDM-5는 각각 7균주(14.0%)와 1균주(2.0%)에서 확인되었다. 특히, KPC-2 생성 K. pneumoniae의 88.9% (32/36)가 ST307에 속한 반면, NDM-1,-5 생성 K. pneumoniae의 87.5% (7/8)가 non-ST307에 속한 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 ST307의 확산 뿐만 아니라 non-ST307의 발달을 예방하기 위한 적절한 감염관리와 효과적인 감시체계가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.118-132
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• 2003

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Joksamni(ST36) combination on NAD PH-diaphorase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into four groups: Normal, Joksamni(ST36), Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9), and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11). Needles were inserted into acupoints at the depth of 0.5cm with basic insertion method. Electroacupuncture was done under the condition of 2Hz electrical biphasic pulses with continuous rectangular wave lasting for 0.2ms until the muscles produced visible contractions. Such stimulation was applied continuously for 10 minutes, 1 time every 2 days for 10 sessions of treatments. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS, NPY and VIP positive neurons immunohistochemically. Results: The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group with the exception of primary somatosensory cortex. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex, insular cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. The optical densities of NPY positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST36) and Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) groups. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group were significantly increased in all areas of cerebral cortex except for cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. Conclusions: The result demonstrated that electroacupuncture on Joksamni(ST36) and its combination change the activities of the NO system and peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR and that acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for the effects.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1995

자웅이주(雌雄異株)이고, 단일종(單一種)(monotype)이며, 경제적(經濟的), 기능적(機能的)으로 유용(有用)한 은행(銀杏)나무의 염색체(染色體)의 구조(構造)와 자웅(雌雄) 성결정(性決定) 염색체(染色體)를 판별(判別)하기 위해서 은행(銀杏)나무(G. biloba)와 추상은행(銀杏)나무(G. biloba var. fastigiata)를 재료(材料)로 하여 전국(全國)에서 7개(個) 지역(地域), 26개체(個體)의 근단(根端)(root tip)을 시료(試料)로 염색체(染色體)를 관찰(觀察) 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 체세포(體細胞) 염색체(染色體)의 기본수(基本數)는 2n=24, 염색체(染色體)의 상대적(相對的) 길이는 긴 것이 $14.88{\sim}11.17{\mu}m$, 짧은 것이 $8.11{\sim}6.24{\mu}m$, 12쌍(雙)의 염색체(染色體) set는 1쌍(雙)의 m형(型)이며 긴 염색체(染色體)와 비교적(比較的) 짧으며 sm 또는 st형(型) 11쌍(雙)으로 구성(構成)되고, 짧은 염색체(染色體) group은 연속적(連續的) 변이(變異)를 한다. 제1(第一) 긴 염색체쌍(染色體雙)의 short arm에 Satellite가 존재(存在)하고 7번 또는 8번째(sm 또는 st형(型)), 염색체쌍(染色體雙)의 한 쪽 또는 양 쪽 long arm에 Satellite가 존재(存在)하거나, 또는 제일(第一) 짧은 st형(型) 염색체쌍(染色體雙) 양 쪽 또는 한 쪽 long arm에 Satellite가 존재(存在)하기도 한다. 은행(銀杏)나무(G. biloba)의 제일(第一) 긴 염색체쌍(染色體雙)에 있는 Satellite는 가끔 2중(二重) Satellite복립부수체(複粒附髓體)인 것이 관찰(觀察)되었으나, 추상은행(銀杏)나무(G. biloba var. fastigiata)에서는 이중(二重) Satellite가 관찰(觀察)되지 않았다. 행형식(核型式) $2n=24=2^{2s}A^m+2B^{st\;or\;sm}+2C^{st}+2D^{st}+2E^{st}+2F^{st\;or\;sm}+2G^{sm}+2^{2s}H^{sm}\;or\;(^{1s}H^{sm}+H^{sm})+2I^{st}+2J^{st}+2K^{st}+2^{2s}L^{st}\;or\;(^{1s}L^{st}+L^{st})$ 염색체(染色體) 구조상(構造上)으로는 암나무와 숫나무의 성염색체(性染色體) 구별(區別)이 확실하지는 않지만, 숫나무의 염색체(染色體)에서는 제일(第一) 긴 염색체쌍(染色體雙)의 한 쪽 염색체(染色體) short arm에 이중(二重) Satellite가 존재(存在)하나, 암나무에서는 존재(存在)하지 않는다. 대체적으로 작은 염색체(染色體) group에서 Satellite 염색체(染色體)가 2개(個) 있는 것은 숫나무보다 암나무에서 더 많이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 추상은행(銀杏)나무(G. biloba var. fastigiata)에서는 작은 염색체(染色體) group에서, 숫나무에서는 1개(個)의 Satellite chromosome만 관찰(觀察)되었다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.207-216
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• 1996

A geochemical study of three piston cores (ST.4, ST.6 and ST.20) taken from the Northwest Pacific (eastern edge of Shikoku Basin) provides information about changes in surface water paleoproductivity and sedimentation during the last 127 kys. Paleoproductivity variations were estimated on the basis of total organic carbon content and carbonate mass accumulation rate. The paleoproductivity based on total organic carbon shows significant spatial variations between glacial and interglacial periods. During the last glacial maximum (LGM) paleoproductivity increased about 1.5 times with deglaciation decrease compared with those of the Holocene at inner side of the Shikoku Basin (ST.4 and ST.6). On the other hand, paleoproductivity at outer side of Shikoku Basin (ST.20) indicating not distinctive increase but deglaciation increase. The C/N ratios fall below 10 for cores ST.4 and ST.6, but C/N ratios between 100 ka and 80 ka in ST.20 which show around 10 or larger values suggest a predominance of marine organic carbon with some admixture of terrigenous materials. The carbonate mass accumulation rate of three cores show different patterns of calcareous record with respect to organic carbon based paleoproductivity variation. In the inner side of Shikoku Basin (ST.4 and ST.6) the carbonate mass accumulation rate decreased during last glacial maximum, and significant increase of carbonate mass accumulation rate is recognized at outer side of Shikoku Basin (ST.20). Thus, this set of data reveals that spatial paleoproductivity variations between inner and outer side of Shikoku Basin during the glacial and interglacial periods.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) and antibody as that affects the performance of a silk-4HR combination graft for soft tissue augmentation in an animal model. Methods: The silk graft materials consisted of four types: silk+10% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (ST0), silk+10% TCP+1% 4HR (ST1), silk+10% TCP+3% 4HR (ST3), and silk+10% TCP+6% 4-HR (ST6). The antibody binding assay tested the 4HR effect and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) exam was done for silk grafts. The animal experiment used a subcutaneous pocket mouse model. The graft - SH0 or SH1 or SH3 or SH6 - was placed in a subcutaneous pocket. The animals were killed at one, two, and four weeks, postoperatively. The specimens were subjected to histological analysis and lysozyme assay. Results: Groups with 4HR applied showed lower antibody binding affinity to antigen compared to groups without 4HR. In the SEM examination, there was no significant difference among groups. Histological examinations revealed many foreign body giant cells in ST0 and ST1 group at four weeks postoperatively. Both ST3 and ST6 groups developed significantly lower levels of giant cell values compared to ST0 and ST1 groups (P < 0.001) at four weeks postoperatively. In the lysozyme assay, the ST1 and ST3 groups showed denser signals than the other groups. Conclusion: 4HR combined silk implants resulted in high levels of vascular and connective tissue regeneration.