• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 선별된 유색미 2품종에 대한 자외선 조사에 따른 노화 억제 메커니즘을 확인하고자 산화방지 활성을 분석하였으며, JE와 SRE 모두 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 88.5%와 88.9% 이상의 높은 DPPH 라디칼 억제능을 보였으며, ABTS 억제활성 실험에서는 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 이상의 농도에서 93.5%와 95.7% 이상의 ABTS 라디칼 억제능을 나타내었다. collagenase 억제 활성 실험 결과, JE와 SRE 모두 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 73.2%, 74.4% 이상의 효소 억제능을 나타내었다. 또한 MMPs의 단백질과 mRNA의 발현억제를 확인한 결과, MMP-1과 -3의 단백질 발현은 농도의존적으로 억제되었음을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 MMP-1은 JE와 SRE의 $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 약 29.8%와 33.2%의 억제효과를 나타내었고, $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서는 각각 78.3%와 70.8%의 우수한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 MMP-1과 -3의 mRNA의 발현은 농도의존적으로 감소시켰으며 특히 JE $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도를 처치한 경우에 mRNA 발현이 매우 유의하게 감소(약 50.7%와 37.9%)되었음을 확인하였다. SRE는 MMP-3 mRNA의 발현이 농도의존적으로 억제되었고 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 39.7%가 억제되었으며, MMP-1 mRNA의 발현은 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 66.4%가 억제되었음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 선별된 유색미 2종인 조생흑찰과 신토흑미의 에탄올 추출물이 산화방지 및 항노화 효능을 확인함에 따라 기능성 식품 화장품 분야에서 주름개선 및 항노화 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

모든 복사온도계는 복사원 크기효과(Size-of-Source Effect, SSE)와 자기복사효과를 가지고 있다. 복사원의 직경에 따른 복사온도계의 검출기 신호세기로 정의된 SSE의 주원인은 회절이기 때문에 파장에 크게 좌우된다. 본 논문에서는 중저온영역에서 복사온도의 전달표준기로 많이 사용되고 있는 TRT2(Transfer Radiation Thermometer 2, HEITRONICS)의 SSE와 자기복사 특성을 측정하였다. 측정한 TRT2의 SSE 값을 사용하여 계산한 결과 흑체의 온도가 $300^{\circ}C$ 일 때, 개구 직경이 60 mm인 흑체와 10 mm인 흑체의 복사온도 차이가 저온모드($8-14\;{\mu}m$)에서 $3.5^{\circ}C$, 중온모드($3.9\;{\mu}m$)에서 $0.5^{\circ}C$인 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 복사온도계 몸체 온도가 $2.6^{\circ}C$ 변화했을 때 자기복사효과 때문에 흑체의 복사온도는 110 mK 다르게 측정되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

TRPA1 and TRPV1 are members of the TRP superfamily of structurally related, nonselective cation channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are often co-expressed in sensory neurons and play an important role in mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia during neuropathic pain. Scutellariae Radix was reported to possess anti-inflammation properties and similar patterns of therapeutic action against different diseases. also Baicalin(a known principal constituent of Scutellaria Radix) was shown to down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of TRPV1. In this study, we observed the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract(SRE) in neuropathic pain induced SD rats via modulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1. Oral administration of a Scutellaria Radix extract(in doses of 300mg/kg, SRE(300)) showed a meaningful increase in the withdrawal threshold of mechanical allodynia and showed a meaningful decrease in the expression of c-fos compared to the control group. SRE(100) and SRE(300) showed a meaningful decrease in the expression of TRPV1 level compared to the control group. These results suggest that Scutellariae Radix extract could decrease mechanical allodynia by down-regulate the TRPV1 on the model of neuropathic pain.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2005

Objectives : Scrophulariae Radix (SRE) is commonly used in combination with other herbs as a nutrient and health strengthening agent, and to remove 'heat' and replenish vital essence. The water-based extract of this herb can lower blood pressure in both anesthetized and concious animals, and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity. But, there is lack of studies regarding the effects of SRE on the immunological activities in molecular levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SRE on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. Method : After the treatment of Scrophulariae Radix methanol extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. COX-2 and iNOS were determined by Immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results : Results provided evidence that SRE inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}\;(p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion : These findings suggest that Scrophulariae Radix can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2021

With the recent rapid improvement in the standards of life and westernization of dietary lifestyles, the consumption of high-calorie diets such as high-fat and high-protein red meat and instant foods has increased, while less vegetables containing dietary fiber are consumed. In addition to that, stress, erroneous dietary behaviors, and contaminated environments are linked to the risk of developing ulcerative colitis, which is on the rise. Another cause of ulcerative colitis is that involve laxative abuse, including repeated, frequent use of laxatives, and include such conditions as deteriorated bowel function, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, etc. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): group I-normal group, group II-DSS control group, group III-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg), group IV-DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg), group V-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Radish Extract mixture (30 mg /kg) (SRE). DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SRE supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SRE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules through suppression both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and prevented the apoptosis of colon. Moreover, SRE administration significantly led to the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme including SOD and Catalase. This is the first report that Radish extract mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : Traditional medicines isolated from natural products often have positive effects in the prevention and healing of various immune disorders, such as allergy and atopic inflammation. Scrophulariae Radix (SR) been used in oriental medicine used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Mast cells are known to play important roles in the initiation of allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated the effects of SR ethanol extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Methods : Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells were purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB No. 22256). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Assays for ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ Secretion : RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with dinitrophenyl-ImmunoglobulinE (DNP IgE). The next antigen DNP-BSA ($25ng/m{\ell}$) was added for 10 minutes and the reaction was terminated after 5 minutes in the ice bath. To determine ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ release, supernatants were aliquoted into 96-well plates. Samples were mixed with substrate solution and incubated for 1 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer at 405 nm. IL-4 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results : The cytotoxicity of SRE in RBL-2H3 cells was less than 5%. SRE inhibited DNP-IgE-imduced degranulation of mast cells in RBL-2H3 cells. Also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. In this study, the SRE showed potential anti-allergic and antiinflammatory. Conclusions : These results indicate that SRE could be inhibit the allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2005

The neurofibromatosis type2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, is structurally related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that anchor the actin cytoskeleton to specific membrane proteins and participate in cell signaling. However, the basis of the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. Previously, we identified a role of merlin as an inhibitor of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway. Recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of merlin, as of other ERM proteins, may regulate its function. To determine whether phosphorylation of merlin affects its suppression of Ras-ERK signaling, we generated plasmids expressing full-length merlin with substitutions of serine 518, a potential phosphorylation site. A substitution that mimics constitutive phosphorylation (S518D) abrogated the ability of merlin to suppress effects of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway such as Ras-induced SRE transactivation, Elk-mediated SRE transactivation, Ras-induced ERK phosphorylation and Ras-induced focus formation. On the other hand, an S518A mutant, which mimics nonphosphorylated merlin, acted like wild type merlin. These observations show that mimicking merlin phosphorylation impairs not only growth suppression by merlin but also its inhibitory action on the Ras-ERK signaling pathway.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.390-410
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• 1995

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of Composite Preparation (Samulchungkan-Tang) extract (SCTE), Scutellarias Radix extract (SRE), Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba extract (AIHE), Artemisia capillaris Flos extract (ACFE), Paeaniae Radix extract (PRE) and Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE) on the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH, and Content of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$ and ${_D}-galactosamime$ intoxicated rats, and bile flow in rats. 1) In $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats-The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT which were elevated by $CCl_4$ were significantly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively as compared to $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats. ALP activity increased by $CC1_4-treatment$ was markedly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHE 400 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg, and LDH activity in SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively compared to $CCl_4$ treated rates. ACFE 400 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg decreased the content of total cholesterol increased by $CCl_4$, the liver weight in all sample administered groups was decreased significantly as compared to $CCl_4$ treated groups. 2) In ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats-Sample of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHF 400 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg decreased the activities of S-GPT, ALP and LDH which was increased by ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxication, compared to ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated groups. In S-GOT activity elevated by ${_D}-galactosamine$ was significantly decreased by SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600mg/kg, AIHE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg, GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg. However, SCTE 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and AIHE 400 mg/kg were not effected significantly. 3) In bile secretion-SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 500mg/kg increased significantly the amount of bile secretion as compared to normal groups, but AIHE 400 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and PRE 300 mg/kg did not effected significantiy.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.292-304
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• 1989

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1998

The O/W and W/O emulsions containing Scutellariae Radix extract(SRE) which is very slightly soluble in oil phases and sparingly soluble in water phases, were prepared by homogenizing water and oil phases with emulsifier. The diameters of emulsion were ranged from 100 to $300\;{\mu}m$. The viscosity of W/O emulsion was higher than that of O/W emulsion. W/O emulsion was more stable than O/W emulsion which was gradually degraded when tested by centrifuge method and temperature tolerance method at $50^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial activity of two emulsions was not significantly different from that of aqueous solution of SRE, and showed similar MIC and bacterial growth inhibition rate.