• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

Purpose: In the post-COVID-19, many consumers still feel uncomfortable with crowding in closed spaces. This study investigates how non-crowding affects consumer satisfaction and restaurant visit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from 350 people aged 20 and above. A total of 347 respondents, excluding 3 unfaithful respondents, were analyzed using Smart PLS 4.0 program. Result: Both spatial and human crowding have significant effects on satisfaction. On the other hand, neither spatial nor human crowding directly affected dine-out intention significantly. In addition, spatial crowding was found to have a direct and significant effect on in-store dining intention, but human crowding did not have a direct and significant effect on in-store dining intention. It was found that satisfaction had a significant effect on both dine-out intention and in-store dining intension. Conclusions: This study has expanded the range of consumer behavioral intentions by applying a non-crowded environment (S) to the SOR theory. Also, Consumer behavioral intention was expanded by dividing visit intention into a dine-out and in-store dining intention. Therefore, we propose measures to minimize human crowding by introducing a system such as adjustment of store operating hours, reservation system, store opening time alarm system, and reduction of cooking time.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.148-156
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• 1984

The effect of inclination on the steady, two-dimensional, laminar natural convection in rectangular enclosures with localized heating from below has been investigated numerically. The enclosure was uniformly heated with a partial heat source at the center of the bottom wall and cooled from the upper wall while the other walls were insulated. The governing equations were solved numerically by using the ADI finite difference method with the SOR method. The computations were carrid out with air, Pr =0.733, in the Grashof number range, $1\times10^4\~3\times10^4$, for the inclination of the enclosures was varied from $0^{\circ}\;to\;90^{\circ}$. The effects of Grashof number and aspect ratio on the inclination for the transition of the flow pattern in enclosures were determined. From the results, it was found that the transition angles of the flow in the enclosures were greater in localized heating than in uniform heating from below, and that the inclination was to strongly effect on the heat transfer and the flow pattern within the enclosure.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2023

Purpose: 1) develop a learning model involving design thinking to develop creative economy innovation and the characteristics of digital entrepreneurs. 2) evaluate the impact of design thinking on creative economy innovation 3) evaluate the impact of design thinking on digital entrepreneurial ability. Research design, data and methodology: 1) develop a learning model involving design thinking in order to develop creative economy innovation and the characteristics of digital entrepreneurs. 2) Evaluating creative economy innovation involving design thinking. 3) Assessing the characteristics of digital entrepreneurs based on design concepts. Results: 1) the development of a learning model involving design thinking to develop creative economy innovation and digital entrepreneurial competency 2) The students who studied using the learning model involving a design thinking process had the highest overall scores in terms of creative economy innovation 3) The scores for the assessment of digital entrepreneurial activity for the students who studied by using the design thinking learning model were at a high level. Conclusions: The development of the design thinking learning model can encourage students to be able to develop creative economy innovations and to empower digital entrepreneurs' ability for distribution strategy. Educational institutions that would like to succeed in developing creative economy innovative and digital entrepreneurship characteristics with the support of design thinking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.987-1003
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• 2022

This study explores the effect of experiential value of AR fashion platform on platform preference. Based on the SOR theory, the effects of visual appeals, entertainment, service excellence, and efficiency on platform attitudes, mediated by intrinsic enjoyment and escapism, are tested. The participants respond to the questions after watching the video clip, using an AR fashion platform. A total of 252 data is analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for descriptive statistics and reliability analysis and AMOS 26.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results show visual appeals, entertainment, and efficiency influence platform preference, mediated by intrinsic enjoyment. Entertainment also influences platform preference, mediated by escapism. The moderating effect of the AR service pre-experience is also explored. For the group with the AR service experience, entertainment and efficiency has a positive effect on intrinsic enjoyment, leading to AR platform preference. For the group without an AR service experience, only entertainment influences the AR platform preference, mediated by intrinsic enjoyment; however, there are no factors which increase escapism. The findings of this study contribute to find the marketing directions for the AR service users, by offering appropriate experiential values based on their prior AR experience.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 2022

Purpose: Natural products are becoming gradually popular because of their health - related benefits and consumers' environmental awareness. However, research in this field remains limited, the present study attempts to address this research gap by measuring the influencing levels of the antecedents on natural product brand love. Research design, data and methodology: The study employs S-O-R (Stimulus - Organism - Response) framework together with Innovation Resistance Theory and Dual-Factor Theory to propose the research model, in which health and environmental stimuli influence both of facilitators and inhibitors of internal states or organism, and then shape purchase intention and brand love as consumers' responses. The mixed research method is designed with the application of structural equation model (SEM) to analyze 530 consumers collected by convenience sampling. Results: The results revealed that two chosen stimuli, including health awareness and environmental concern were positively related to both facilitators (natural content and regional products) and inhibitors (image barrier and usage barrier) and these four factors were significantly associated to purchase intention and brand love. Furthermore, purchase intention played the mediating role on the relationship between the four organisms and brand love. Conclusions: The originality of this paper is extend S-O-R theory into natural product context with mediating effects in an emerging economy. The findings make theoretical contribution on consumer behavior and managerial implication.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the confirmation the purchase decision of community enterprise products, such information is an important issue for community enterprise entrepreneurs to develop a marketing strategy through the purchasing decision of community enterprise products Research design, data and methodology: The research was designed by using mixed methods research (exploratory design), starting with in-depth interviews of consumers of community enterprise products to determine the reasons for their purchase decisions. The researcher then used the data from the in-depth interviews to create a questionnaire for consumers of community enterprise products. These data were used to analyze the confirmation components of such elements. Results: The analysis found the following. 1. Decision-making is based on a product 2. Decision-making is based on social context considerations Conclusions: Develop an image to make a difference between community enterprise entrepreneurs and general entrepreneurs for distribution. The local wisdom, it is a local intellectual resource. It should be used in adjusting or blending old knowledge with new knowledge together appropriately. Creating community participation, love, unity, and the sympathy of the people in the community can help in participation in the operation of community enterprises.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.63-85
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• 2023

Purpose According to a recent survey, more than 90% of customers make purchase or use decisions for their products and services, primarily based on word-of-mouth(WOM) information (reviews, recommendations, ratings, etc.). However, few studies have explored what factors influence user's WOM intention in the context of OTT service. To address this gap, this study investigates the antecedent factors of WOM intention by adopting stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and pleasure arousal dominance (PAD) theory as a theoretical basis. Design/methodology/approach The research model consists of stimulus factors (diversity of original content, aesthetics, interactivity, personalization quality), emotional factors (pleasure, excitement, dominance), and behavioral factor (WOM intention). The research hypothesis was tested using the survey data collected from OTT service users of 305. Findings The result reveals that diversity of original content significantly affects on pleasure and arousal whereas it is not associated with dominance. Findings indicate that aesthetics positively influences pleasure, and interactivity is not associated with arousal. It is also proven that personalization quality has a positive effect on dominance. In addition, pleasure, arousal, and domination are proven to be positively and significantly related to WOM intention.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2024

Purpose: This study analyses the Service Development Strategy for MICE in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand aim to 1) Investigate the current and desirable conditions of the service businesses in order to support the MICE 2) Undertake a SWOT analysis of service businesses with regard to supporting the MICE 3) Analyze service business distribution strategies development to support the MICE in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Research design, data and methodology: This study divided into 2 phases: Phase 1 involved qualitative research to study the process of service businesses in their support of the MICE. Phase 2 involved research and development with regard to the development of innovative service business development strategies to support the MICE. Results: The article showed that company executives and related parties understand the meaning of service business management to support the MICE to consist of 8 indicators: quality of meeting venues, access to meeting venues, meeting infrastructure, government support, additional activities in addition to meetings, the image and reputation of the city, MICE personnel, and security. Conclusions: Strategies for developing service business innovations to support the MICE consist of a proactive strategy, a preventive strategy, and a remedial strategy together with defensive strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

Purpose: This study used the SORmodel (or cue utilization theory) to examine the impact of expanded quality factorsincluding product quality on customer satisfaction, attitude, and behavioral loyalty. This study examined the moderating effect of gender on the customer satisfaction-attitudinal and behavioral loyalty relationship. Research design, data, and methodology: 364 respondents were collected through an online survey and analyzed using the SmartPLS 4.0 program. Results: The findings show that product quality, along with system quality and service quality, are key determinants of customer satisfaction. In addition, this study shows that the relationship between customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty (repurchase and word-of-mouth intention) does not differ depending on gender, but the relationship between customer satisfaction and behavioral loyalty (share-of-visit and share-of-wallet) is stronger for women than for men. Conclusions: This research integrates concepts from environmental psychology and marketing focusing on website quality (information, system, service, and product), as well as satisfaction, attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Online shopping mall practitioners must systematically analyze and assess the quality of online shopping, a pivotal factor driving customer satisfaction, attitude, and behavioral loyalty. Acknowledging the influence of gender on consumers' online purchasing behavior can aid online retailers in devising tailored e-commerce marketing strategies aimed at attracting and retaining customers.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.10 no.2 s.41
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

The shutoff unit was designed to provide rapid insertion of neutron absorbing material into the reactor core to shutdown the reactor quickly and also to withdraw the absorber slowly to avoid a log-rate trip. Four shutoff units were installed on the HANARO reactor but the half-core test facility was equipped with one shutoff unit. The reactor trip or shutdown is accomplished by four shutoff units by insertion of the shutoff rods. The shutoff rod(SOR) is actuated by a directly linked hydraulic cylinder on the reactor chimney, which is pressurized by a hydraulic pump. The rod is released to drop by gravity, when triplicate solenoid valves are de-energized to vent the cylinder. The hydraulic pump, pipe and air supply system are provided to be similar with the HANARO reactor. The shutoff rod drops for 647mm stroke within 1.13 seconds to shut down the reactor and it is slowly inserted to the full down position, 700mm, with a damping. We have conducted the drop test of the shutoff rod in order to show the performance and the structural integrity of operating system of the shutoff unit. The present paper deals with the 647mm drop time and the withdrawal time according to variation of the pool water temperature, the water level and the core flow.