• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic(Allium sativum L.) extracts with extraction conditions on antioxidant and anticancer activity. The extracts prepared for garlic by hot temperature extraction (HG), low temperature extraction (LG), UMPM extraction (UG), fermentation (FG) and black garlic hot temperature (BG) method. Content of total polyphenol compound was the BG higher than other extracts. The EDA (electron donating ability) and SOD-like activity was increased in dose-dependent manners, and the activity of BG and UM was significantly higher than LG and FG. We examined cytotoxicity, nitric oxide production of Raw 264.7 cell and inhibition of HT 1080 cell by MTT assay. All extracts does not have any toxic effects in macrophages(Raw 264.7). And UG inhibited the production of nitrite in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. The antitumor effects of LG and UG on HT 1080 cell was indicated a significantly inhibition activity. These results suggested that UG (UMPM extraction of garlic) have activities of antioxidant, anticancer effects.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2012

Green tea leaves were fermented for 15 and 30 days with Monascus pilosus which is known to produce functional statins (TMs), and the content of various biochemical constituents such as total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid (TF), theaflavin, and thearubigin were analyzed and compared with that of non-fermented green tea (GT) and Pu-erh Chinese post-fermented tea (PU). In addition to the electron donating ability (EDA), ferric iron reducing power (FIRP), xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, iron chelating activity (ICA) and hydrogen peroxide contents were also measured and compared with that of GT and PU. Content of TP and TF in the water and ethanol extracts in TMs were lower than those in GT and PU. Theaflavin and thearubigin contents of water and ethanol extracts in TMs were higher than those of GT. And, these components were increased depending on the period of fermentation. While, EDA and FIRP of TMs were lower than those of GT, XO inhibitory activity of TMs was higher than non-fermented tea. While, ICA of TMs was slightly higher than GT and PU, the content of hydrogen peroxide in TMs was markedly lower than GT. This results suggested that the green tea fermented by M. pilosus was valuable for oxidative stress-induced diseases by decreasing hydrogen peroxide, and forming theaflavins and thearubigins with functionality of genus Monascus.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity according to parts of the Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. Most extracts showed high scavenging activities on DPPH. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed higher activity as 98.4% than the control, BHA as 96.5%. A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to decreasing of pH. On SOD-like test, the wood of A. okamotoanum showed highest activity as 35.4% at 1.0mg/ml concentration. Also, the extracts obtained high activity on GST test. Therefore, the water extracts from the bark of A. mono and A. okamotoanum have relatively good antioxidant activity and GST activity. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed the highest activity on all of extracts, could be the use of functional foods and biomaterials.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this research relates to the development of natural preservatives. Here, Samultang ingredients (Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Angelica gigas) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the antibacterial and antioxidative activities of the extracts were tested. The highest polyphenol contents were found in the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora (100 g) at 843.2 mg and 721.1 mg, respectively (p<0.05). The ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale demonstrated antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, and that from Paeonia lactiflora against S. aureus. The electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water extracts ranged from 67 to 84%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 68 to 84% at 1,000 ppm. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of the water extracts ranged from 47 to 50%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 50 to 56% at 1,000 ppm. The nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of the water extracts at 1,000 ppm of the water extracts ranged from 30 to 49%, and those of the ethanol extracts ranged from 42 to 54% at pH 1.2, respectively. The NSAs of the extracts were highest at pH 1.2, and then decreased with increasing pH. The highest levels of antibacterial and antioxidant activity occurred with the water and ethanol extracts of Paeonia lactiflora, which had the highest polyphenol content among the Samultang ingredients. Over all, the ethanol extracts of the Samultang ingredients had higher activities than the water extracts. Considering the combined results, one can conclude that Samultang ingredient extracts would be useful as natural preservatives in the development of health foods.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze the antioxidative effects and antimicrobial activity of Omija. Total phenol contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $53.4{\pm}2.2tannic\;acid\;equivalent/mg$, and $47.9{\pm}2.1tannic\;acid\; equivalent/mg$, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of Omija extracted with ethanol and water were $16.3{\pm}1.1naringin\;equivalent/mg$, and $13.1{\pm}1.4naringin\;equivalent/mg$, respectively. Electron donating ability of ethanol extract ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) of Omija was $5.1{\pm}0.4%$. This result was lower than the antioxidant vitamin (ascorbic acid: $96.4{\pm}0.6%$) and artificial antioxidant BHT ($70.0{\pm}0.5%$). Nitrite-scavenging abilities of Omija were lower than ascorbic acid and BHT. SOD-like activities of Omija extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 5 mg/mL were in the other of ascorbic acid ($99.0{\pm}0.5%$) > BHT ($72.6{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($16.3{\pm}0.4%$) > water extract ($14.4{\pm}0.3%$). The order of OH radical scavenging activities of Omija extracts and natural antioxidant at 5 mg/mL was ascorbic acid ($98.9{\pm}0.6%$) > tocopherol ($85.4{\pm}0.6%$) > water extract ($59.1{\pm}0.5%$) > ethanol extract ($33.1{\pm}0.3%$). The results show that the antimicrobial effects of Omija could not be detected at both concentrations and extraction methods.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this research was physiological activities and investigate cytotoxicity of Sunbanghwalmyung-um extract. Methods : Physiological activity and a cytotoxicity were examined through the hot water and ethanol extracts from Sunbanghwalmyung-um and its ingredient. Results : The electron donating ability(EDA) was 66.9%, 71.3% in 1000 ppm water extract and ethanol extract. Above 90% from 1000 ppm ethanol extract showed a higher activities and it is Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Lonicerae Flos, Gleditsiae Spina, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Myrrh. SOD-like activity was weak as 12.24%, 16.62% in 700 ppm. In water and ethanol extracts cytotoxicity were against G361, B16F10, MDA, A549, high cytotoxity over 70%. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gleditsiae Spina, Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed high cytotoxicity in water and ethanol extracts. Conclusions : We observed physiological activities and investigated cytotoxicity of Sunbanghwalmyung-um and its ingredients. The results also demonstrated in food or cosmetic industry.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.407-411
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• 2009

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum were compared after being extracted by low temperature and high pressure (LTHP) at 20 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. Extraction yield of both A. mono and A. okamotoanum was increased about 40~43% by this extraction process. On scavenging activities, the bark of A. okamotoanum from this extraction process showed the highest activity as about 97%. This value was higher than that from conventional water extraction and A. mono extracts. Both of A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to increasing of pH. On SOD-like test, A. okamotoanum had the highest activity as 46.28% at $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. A. okamotoanum extracted by LTHP also showed the highest activity as 197.38% in adding $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. Generally, the extracts from low temperature and high pressure extraction process are higher hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities than that from conventional water extraction. It can conclude that the bark of A. okamotoanum has better biological activities than other parts of A. mono.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

This study was conducted to verify the availability of immature persimmon ethanol extract (IPEE) as a natural and functional ingredient in protecting inflammation and allergy of skin based on the mechanism. The major content analysis, antioxidant activities, anti-allergic activity, anti-inflammatory effect, and safety related to irritation of IPEE were evaluated. The gallic acid content per 10 mg/mL of IPEE was 0.522% (5.22 mg/g). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 428.3 mg/g and 31.1 mg/g, respectively. In ABTS+ activity, DPPH ability and SOD-like activity, it showed a concentration-dependent increase, which indicated IPEE has excellent antioxidant activities. As for the anti-allergy test in RBL-2H3 cells, the IPEE showed a decrease in β-hexosaminidase secretion as the concentration increases, and IPEE tended to decrease IL-4 secretion in all RBL-2H3 cells compared to the IgE + HSA group. IPEE showed good anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells by decrease of NO production and inflammation cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Also IPEE showed non-irritant in BCOP assay. By the results of this study, the IPEE containing high tannins, had good antioxidant, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory effects, which indicated that the immature persimmon is considered to be a useful for the development of related functional ingredients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.1087-1096
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• 2010

본 연구는 예로부터 식용 및 약용으로 널리 이용되어지는 버섯의 기능성 소재로서의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 버섯 추출물의 유효성분 함량(polyphenol, $\beta$-glucan)과 저분자 및 고분자 분획물의 항산화 활성, 혈전용해 활성, 면역증강 및 항염증 활성 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 전체 수율은 식용버섯이 약용버섯보다 높게 나타났으며, $\beta$-glucan의 함량은 표고버섯(33.5%)이 가장 높게 나타났다. Polyphenol 함량은 약용버섯인 상황버섯(LMW)이 233.23 mg/g로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 애느타리버섯(LMW) 12.18 mg/g, 송이버섯(LMW) 11.72 mg/g 순으로 확인되었다. 버섯 추출물의 항산화 능력을 측정하기 위한 전자공여능 측정 결과는 ascorbic acid 0.5 mg/mL에서 95.91%의 저해율을 나타낸 것에 비하여 상황버섯(LMW, 10 mg/mL)이 80.74%의 억제활성을 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성 측정에서는 대부분의 버섯 추출물에서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 아질산염 소거능 측정에서는 pH의 감소에 따라 소거능이 증가하였고, 상황버섯(LMW)이 가장 높은 소거능을 나타내었다. 이처럼 버섯 추출물의 항산화능력 측정에서 phenol성 물질을 많이 함유하고 약용버섯으로 사용되는 상황버섯이 식용버섯(송이버섯, 새송이버섯, 양송이버섯, 느타리버섯, 애느타리버섯, 표고버섯, 팽이버섯) 보다 LMW 분획에서 우수한 항산화 능력을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 혈전용해 활성을 측정한 결과에서 대부분의 LMW 분획물들은 혈전용해 활성을 갖지 않았으며, 송이 버섯(HMW, 50 mg/mL)이 60.4%의 가장 높은 혈전용해 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 RAW 264.7 cell을 이용한 대식세포 활성능(NO 생성)을 측정한 결과 LMW 분획에서는 대식세포 활성능력이 거의 없는 것으로 조사되었으며, 대조군인 LPS 500 ng/mL를 첨가한 상태에서 $32.9\;{\mu}M$의 NO를 생성하는 것과 비교하여, 표고버섯(HMW, $500\;{\mu}g/mL$) $39.86\;{\mu}M$, 송이버섯 $35.17\;{\mu}M$의 NO 생성능을 나타내었다. 또한 약용버섯인 상황버섯(HMW)은 NO 생성능력이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 RAW 264.7 cell로부터 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO 생성 저해활성을 측정한 결과 상황버섯(LMW) $500\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 NO의 생성을 100% 저해하였고, 새송이버섯(LMW)은 $50\;{\mu}g/mL$에서 58.14%, $500\;{\mu}g/mL$에서 67.79%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 phenol 성분을 다량 함유하고 있는 상황버섯(LMW)은 일반적인 식용버섯에 비해 항산화능이 우수함을 알 수 있었으며, 혈전용해능력(송이버섯, I)과 면역증강(표고버섯, VII) 그리고 항염증(새송이버섯, II)에서는 식용버섯의 HMW 분획물이 우수한 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1501-1508
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• 2013

해조류 중에서 갈조류인 패 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성 검증 및 이의 결과를 이용하여 갱년기 유도 흰쥐의 혈중지질 농도, 혈소판 응집력 검토를 통해 그 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 패 추출물의 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성 측정법을 이용하였다. 동물실험은 7주령 흰쥐를 난소절제 모의 수술군, 난소절제군, 난소절제 후 에스트로겐 투여군, 난소절제 후 패 추출물 50 mg/kg 및 200 mg/kg군의 5군으로 나누어 시술 후 7주간 추출물을 투여하며 사육하였다. 패 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 열수 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물의 경우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성 검토 결과, DPPH radical 소거능은 패 열수 및 에탄올 추출물은 용량 의존적으로 증가하였고, 특히 에탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물보다 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. SOD 유사활성의 경우, 에탄올 추출물의 농도가 1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$일 때 55%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 열수와 에탄올 추출물의 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상과 같이 패 에탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물에 비해 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH radical 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성 또한 높은 것으로 나타나, 이를 이용하여 갱년기 유도 동물에 대한 지질함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 동물실험 결과 갱년기 유도로 인하여 증가된 혈청 중 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 패 추출물 투여에 의해 저하되었으며, 특히 패 추출물 200 mg/kg bw/day 투여는 혈청 중 중성지방 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량을 유의적으로 감소시키는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 패 추출물의 항 혈전능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 난소절제로 인하여 혈 중 지질 함량이 증가한 상태에서 washed platelet을 분리하고 콜라겐으로 혈소판 응집을 유도하였다. 그 결과 패 추출물을 투여한 군이 OVX-CON군에 비해 혈소판 응집을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 응집율을 나타내는 amplitude (%)는 난소절제를 한 OVX-CON군이 난소절제를 하지 않은 SHAM군과 비교하여 증가하였으나, 에스트로겐 투여군에서 유의하게 감소하였으며 패 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군 모두에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 응집시간을 나타내는 lag time (sec)은 난소절제에 의해 반응이 일어나는 시간이 짧아져, 혈소판 응집이 촉진되는 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해 패 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군에서 응집시간이 지연되는 결과가 나타났다. 이상과 같이 패 추출물이 혈중 중성지질, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 혈소판 응집능을 감소시키는 결과로부터 심혈관 질환의 예방 소재로써 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.