• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.3342-3360
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• 2014

In this paper, the capacity and BER performance of downlink distributed antenna systems (DAS) with transmit antenna selection and multiple receive antennas are investigated in MIMO composite channel, where path loss, Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing are all considered. Based on the performance analysis, using the probability density function (PDF) of the effective SNR and numerical integrations, tightly-approximate closed-form expressions of ergodic capacity and average BER of DAS are derived, respectively. These expressions have more accuracy than the existing expressions, and can match the simulation well. Besides, the outage capacity of DAS is also analyzed, and a tightly-approximate closed-form expression of outage capacity probability is derived. Moreover, a practical iterative algorithm based on Newton's method for finding the outage capacity is proposed. To avoid iterative calculation, another approximate closed-form outage capacity is also derived by utilizing the Gaussian distribution approximation. With these theoretical expressions, the downlink capacity and BER performance of DAS can be effectively evaluated. Simulation results show that the theoretical analysis is valid, and consistent with the corresponding simulation.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2020

This work presents a fully analog baseline wander tracking and removal circuitry using high-pass filter (HPF) based R-peak detection and quadratic interpolation that does not require digital post processing, thus suitable for compact and low power long-term ECG monitoring devices. The proposed method can effectively track and remove baseline wander in ECG waveforms corrupted by various motion artifacts, whereas minimizing the loss of essential features including the QRS-Complex. The key component for tracking the baseline wander is down sampling the moving average of the corrupted ECG waveform followed by quadratic interpolation, where the R-peak samples that distort the baseline tracking are excluded from the moving average by using a HPF based approach. The proposed circuit is designed using CMOS 0.18-㎛ technology (1.8V supply) with power consumption of 19.1 ㎼ and estimated area of 15.5 ㎟ using a 4^th order HPF and quadratic interpolation. Results show SNR improvement of 10 dB after removing the baseline wander from the corrupted ECG waveform.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제21권2E호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

This paper suggests the Cardioid beamforming algorithm of the doublet sensors employing DIFAR (directional frequency analysis and recording) sensor signals in the frequency domain. The algorithm enables target bearing estimation using the signals from directional sensors. The algorithm verifies its applicability by successfully estimating bearings of a target projecting ten narrow-band signals in shallow water. The estimated bearings agree very well with those from GPS (global positioning system) data. Assuming the bearings from GPS data to be real values, the estimation errors are analyzed statistically. The histogram of estimation errors in each frequency have Gaussian shape, the mean and standard deviation dropping in the ranges -1.1°∼ 6.7°and 13.3∼43.6°, respectively. Estimation errors are caused by SNR (signal to noise ratio) degradation due to propagation loss between the source and receiver, daily fluctuating geo-magnetic fields, and non-stationary background noises. If multiple DIFAR systems are employed, in addition to bearing, range information could be estimated and finally localization or tracking of a target is possible.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1503-1510
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• 2020

Ultra-low noise charge sensitive amplifiers (CSAs) based on various types of circuit board substrates, such as FR4, Teflon, and ceramics (Al₂O₃) with two different designs, PA1 and PA2, have been developed. They were tested to see the noise effect from the dielectric loss of the substrate capacitance before and after irradiation. If the electronic noise from the CSAs is to be minimized and the energy resolution enhanced, the shaping time has to be optimized for the detector, and a small feedback capacitance of the CSA is favorable for a better SNR. Teflon- and ceramic-based PA1 design CSAs showed better noise performance than the FR4-based one, but the Teflon-based PA1 design showed better sensitivity than ceramic based one at a low detector capacitance (<10 pF). In the PA2 design, the equivalent noise and the sensitivity were 0.52 keV FWHM for a silicon detector and 7.2 mV/fC, respectively, with 2 ㎲ peaking time and 0.1 pF detector capacitance. After 10, 100, 10³, 10⁴, and 10⁵ Gy irradiation the ENC and sensitivity characteristics of the developed CSAs based on three different substrate materials are also discussed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1928-1936
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose an adaptive bandwidth allocation algorithm for the transmission of VBR video through ATM Networks. In order to evaluate the required bandwidth for the VBR video, the characteristics of the compressed VBR video generated by the two-layered coder are analyzed with variations in the number of GOP(N), quantizer scale(q), and the number of low-frequency DCT coefficients(.betha.). The two-layer coder which is used to separate from the number of DCT coefficients is designed to transmit the VBR video efficiently. The compressed data generated by the two-layer coder are splitted into the high priority and low priority cells. If congestion is occurred in ATM networks, the minimum image quality is maintained by the high priority cells. The required bandwidth for VBR video is estimated with a prediction algorithm using the scene anframe correlations as well as the statistical properties of the VBR video sources. Strong correlation among the adjacent slices in a frame represents by the scene correlation andstrong correlation among the frames is represented by the frame correlation. The performance of the bandwidth allocation scheme proposed is evaluated in terms of the bandwith utilization, cell loss rate, and SNR with variations in q, n, .betha.. Simulation rewsults shown that the proposed scheme is superior to the conventional methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.670-683
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• 2016

Network coding, as a new technique to improve the throughput, is studied combined with multi-relay model in this paper to address the challenges of long distance and power limit in deep space communication. First, an amplify-and-forward relaying approach based on analog network coding (AFNC) is proposed in multi-relay network to improve the capacity for deep space communication system, where multiple relays are introduced to overcome the long distance link loss. The design of amplification coefficients is mathematically formulated as the optimization problem of maximizing SNR under sum-power constraint over relays. Then for a dual-hop relay network with a single source, the optimal amplification coefficients are derived when the multiple relays introduce non-coherent noise. Through theoretic analysis and simulation, it is shown that our approach can achieve the maximum transmission rate and perform better over single link transmission for deep space communication.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1052-1063
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• 2016

We propose a millimeter wave (MMW)-based mobile hotspot network (MHN) system for application in high-speed railways that is capable of supporting a peak backhaul link throughput of 1 Gbps per train at 400 km/h. The MHN system can be implemented in subways and high-speed trains to support passengers with smart devices and provide access to the Internet. The proposed system can overcome the inherent high path loss in MMW through system designs and high antenna gains. We present a simulation of the system performance that shows that a fixed beamforming strategy can provide high signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio similar to those of an adaptive beamforming strategy, with the exception of 15% of the train path in which the network can use link adaptation with low-order modulation formats or trigger a handover to maintain the connection. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the MHN system using a test bed deployed in Seoul subway line 8. The backhaul link throughput varies instantaneously between 200 Mbps and 500 Mbps depending on the SNR variations while the train is running. During the field trial, the smartphones used could make connections through offloading.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.1309-1323
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• 2023

목적 크론병 환자의 자기공명영상 장운동기록(MR enterography; 이하 MRE)에서 단발 고속 스핀 에코기법(single-shot fast spin-echo; 이하 SSFSE)을 이용한 단일호흡영상(singlebreath-hold; 이하 SBH)과 다호흡영상(multiple-breath-hold; 이하 MBH)을 딥러닝 기반 재구성(deep-learning based reconstruction; 이하 DLR)의 유무에 따라 네 개의 영상에서 품질을 비교했다. 대상과 방법 이 연구는 후향적 연구로서, 크론병으로 MRE를 시행한 61명의 환자가 포함되었다. SBH와 MBH SSFSE 영상에서 각각 DLR과 고식적 재구성(conventional reconstruction; 이하 CR)을 시행한 영상을 획득했다. 두 명의 영상의학과 전문의가 네 가지 영상을 분석하여 전반적인 영상의 품질, 인공물, 선명도와 움직임 관련 신호 손실에 대하여 각각 5점 척도를 이용해 점수를 부여했다. 회장과 말단 회장, 결장에서 염증을 시사하는 세 가지 소견을 평가했다. 각 영상에 대해서 공간적 불일치 여부를 확인했고, 네 가지 영상에서 각각 다른 두 위치에서 신호 대 잡음비(signal-to-noise ratio; 이하 SNR)를 계산했다. 결과 SBH SSFSE 영상에서 DLR을 적용한 경우 CR보다 영상의 품질, 인공물, 선명도가 통계학적으로 유의하게 개선되었다. 네 가지 영상 중 SBH-DLR 영상에서 SNR이 가장 높게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 염증 소견에 대한 판독자 간 일치율은 좋음에서 매우 좋음으로 나타났고(κ = 0.76-0.95) 시퀀스 간 일치율은 매우 좋음으로 측정되었다(κ = 0.92-0.94). 공간적 불일치는 SBH 영상보다 MBH 영상에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 빈도가 높았다(p < 0.001). 결론 SBH-DLR 영상은 MBH-CR 영상과 비교했을 때 동등한 영상 품질과 성능을 보여주었다. 또한, MBH 영상에 비해 절반 이하의 시간과 단일 호흡만으로 영상을 획득할 수 있으며 공간 불일치를 줄일 수 있는 대체제로 사용할 수 있다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

감각신경성 난청의 원인 중 하나는 내이에 존재하는 와우(cochlea)의 기능적 이상 때문이다. 와우에서 내유모세포(inner hair cell, IHC)나 신경의 기능적 이상이 있는 곳을 'dead region'이라고 한다. 보청기에서 dead region에 속하는 주파수 영역의 증폭은 효과가 미약한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 dead region의 위치에 따른 음성신호의 인지 능력 비교와 dead region이 존재할 때 보청기의 효과적인 이득값을 알아보기 위해 WRS 검사와 선호도 조사를 실시하였다. WRS(Word Recognition Score)검사와 선호도 조사를 위해 정상 청력 능력을 지닌 성인 남녀 8명을 대상으로, white noise와 babble noise를 이용하여 신호 대 잡음비(SNR) 0dB의 조건으로 검사음과 혼합하였으며, dead region의 영역을 세 가지로 분류하였다. 주파수 영역에 따라 low-frequency, mid-frequency, high-frequency dead region으로 나누고, 각 dead region에 따라 14.5 dB, 11.5 dB, 6 dB의 증폭 이득을 다르게 하여 결과를 비교하였다. dead region의 위치에 따른 검사 결과는 각 영역별로 차이가 있었다. WRS 검사결과 low-frequency dead region일 때 보다, mid-frequency dead region나 high-frequency dead region일 때의 WRS점수와 선호도 평가가 높게 나왔으며, 증폭 이득값의 차이를 비교해 보았을 때, 14.5 dB의 이득에 비해 낮은 이득을 주었을 때 WRS 검사 결과값이 더 높게 나왔으며, 높은 이득일수록 선호도 조사에서 낮은 점수를 받았다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.1631-1636
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• 2015

무선 통신기술의 발전과 함께, 수중 통신 기술도 초기의 점대점 통신에서 벗어나 다수개의 노드를 연결하는 네트워크 구축으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 수중의 통신환경은 전파지연, 도플러 효과, 다중경로, 그리고 전파손실의 측면에서 기존의 지상 무선 환경과 크게 차이가 있다. 따라서, 지상의 연구 결과가 수중에서 그대로 적용되기는 어려운 상황이다. 특히, 전파환경에 의존성이 큰 매체접속제어 프로토콜은 수중 통신망을 위해 새로 설계되어야한다. CSMA/CA는 데이터 패킷의 충돌을 피하고 숨겨진 노드 문제 등을 해결할 수 있으므로 이를 기반으로 한 여러 수중 매체접속제어 프로토콜들이 제안되어 왔다. 하지만 현실적으로는 RTS/CTS가 도달하는 전송범위 밖에서 발생한 간섭에 의해 수신신호의 성능이 저하되어 RTS/CTS의 효율이 감소될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수중 환경에서 전파반경 밖의 간섭 신호의 영향으로 인해 발생되는 신호대잡음비(SNR) 감소를 분석하여 RTS/CTS의 효율 감소를 도출하고, 기존 매체접속제어 프로토콜에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, 수중 환경에서의 전파 간섭문제와 지상에서의 전파 간섭 문제를 비교 분석하여 지상과 차별화된 수중 통신환경에서 고려해야 할 사항들을 정리해 보았다.