• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Hyperspectral remote sensing data contain plenty of information about objects, which makes object classification more precise. In this paper, we proposed a new spectral similarity measure, called Spectral Mutual Information (SMI) for hyperspectral image classification problem. It is derived from the concept of mutual information arising in information theory and can be used to measure the statistical dependency between spectra. SMI views each pixel spectrum as a random variable and classifies image by measuring the similarity between two spectra form analogy mutual information. The proposed SMI was tested to evaluate its effectiveness. The evaluation was done by comparing the results of preexisting classification method (SAM, SSV). The evaluation results showed the proposed approach has a good potential in the classification of hyperspectral images.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of speech rate and pause in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and their relationships with speech intelligibility. In all, 26 children with CP, 4 with no speech motor involvement and age-appropriate language ability (NSMI-LCT), 6 with no speech motor involvement and impaired language ability (NSMI-LCI), 6 with speech motor involvement and age-appropriate language ability (SMI- LCT), and 10 with speech motor involvement and impaired language ability (SMI-LCI) participated in the study. Speech samples for the speech rate and pause analysis were extracted using a sentence repetition task. Acoustic analysis were made in Praat. First, it was found that regardless of the presence of language impairment, significant group differences between the NSMI and SMI groups were found in speech rate and articulation rate. Second, the SMI groups showed a higher ratio of pause time to sentence production time, more frequent pauses, and longer durations of pauses than the NSMI groups. Lastly, there were significant correlations among speech rate, articulation rate, and intelligibility. These findings suggest that slow speech rate is the main feature in SMI groups, and that both speech rate and articulation rate play important roles in the intelligibility of children with spastic CP.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and skeletal maturation in growing children aged 7 - 15 years and predict the maturational stages of the midpalatal suture corresponding to skeletal maturity assessed by the skeletal maturation indicators (SMI) and middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) stages. The group of this retrospective study was consisted of randomly selected 132 male and 135 female in age from 7 - 15 years. The maturation of the midpalatal suture was evaluated by using images from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) while the skeletal age was assessed by hand-wrist radiography. CBCT images and hand-wrist radiographs used in this study were obtained from all subjects for orthodontic diagnosis before orthodontic treatment. The maturational stages of the midpalatal suture showed strong correlations with both SMI and MP3 stages. The correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and SMI (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ϒ_S = 0.905, p < 0.05) was slightly greater than that of MP3 stages (ϒ_S = 0.830, p < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the midpalatal suture maturation and chronological age (ϒ_S = 0.868,p < 0.05). CBCT for evaluation of the midpalatal suture maturational stages may be unnecessary in every pediatric patients because SMI and MP3 stages were both replaceable useful methods for assessing maturation of the midpalatal suture before orthopedic treatment. In this retrospective study, the diagnostic reliability of the SMI method for estimating midpalatal suture maturation showed better reliability than the MP3 method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.171-180
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• 2007

The financial crime that used morale anger Phishing, Pharming, Vishing, SMiSing etc. will gain during recent cyber crimes. We are study systematically whether or not leakage of information and infringement can how easily occur to Phishing, Vishing, SMiSing using a social engineering technique and VoIP at these papers through experiment. A hacker makes Phishing, Vishing site, and test an information infringement process of a user through PiSing mail and a virus, a nasty code, Vishing, a SMiSing character, disarmament of Keylogger prevention S/W etc. as establish server. Information by Phishing, Vishing, SMiSing is infringed with leakage in the experiment results, and confirm, and test certified certificate and White List and a certified authentication mark, plug-in program installation etc. to prevention, and security becomes, and demonstrate. Technical experiment and prevention regarding Phishing of this paper and Vishing attack reduce the damage of information infringement, and be education for Ubiquitous information security will contribute in technical development.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2000

The effects of osmolality on the sperm motility in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) were studied. Sperm motility of black seabream was suppressed when the osmolality was equal to the seminal fluid. But sperm became motile when the osmolality increased in electrolyte solution (NaCl, KCl, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$) and non-electrolyte solution (mannitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose). The changes of sperm motility index (SMI) by osmolality of diluents described a parabola. In all of the diluents, SMI was the highest at ca. 1,000 mOsm/kg, which is similar to the osmolality of seawater. Sperm motility was induced by osmolality of diluents, but exposure to hypotonic or hypertonic diluents was harmful to the sperm.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.248-256
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• 2020

This study investigated whether the schema modes have validity in Korean adults. We examined the validity and reliability of the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) in a Korean adult sample (N = 768; Mean age = 22.29 years; range = 19-55 years; 69.3% Males). Psychometric properties, such as factor structure, internal reliability, as well as intercorrelations among subscales were assessed. Confirmatory factor analyses yield satisfying fits for a 61-item Korean Schema Mode Inventory. Thirteen Schema Mode Inventory scales were found to have adequate reliability of the original 14 schema factors. Furthermore, the SMI scales differentiated between depressed and non-depressed participants as theoretically predicted. These findings imply that the SMI is a sound instrument to measure the schema mode model in a Korean setting for assessment prior to schema therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.15-17
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• 2010

적응 어레이(adaptive array) 기법은 이동통신 시스템에서 발생하는 동일채널 간섭신호를 제거하는 데에 효과적인 기술이다. 적응 어레이 기법 중 가장 널리 이용되는 SMI 기법은 높은 성능을 보이는 데 반해 상대적으로 많은 계산량을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 역행렬의 크기를 줄임으로써 SMI 기법의 복잡도를 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 안테나 어레이 중 받은 신호의 파워가 가장 작은 안테나를 사용하지 않음으로써 안테나 어레이의 개수를 하나 줄이는 방식을 사용한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안하는 방법의 복잡도가 낮음에도 불구하고 우수한 성능을 갖는다는 것을 입증한다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2016

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to generate new prediction equations for the estimation of maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths based on mandibular incisors and first permanent molar widths. Methods: A total of 2,340 calculations (768 based on the sum of mandibular incisor and first permanent molar widths, and 1,572 based on the maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths) were performed, and a digital stereomicroscope was used to derive the the digital models and measurements. Mesiodistal widths of maxillary and mandibular teeth were measured via scanned digital models. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the estimation of maxillary (r = 0.85994, $r^2=0.7395$) and mandibular (r = 0.8708, $r^2=0.7582$) canine and premolar widths. The intraclass correlation coefficients were statistically significant, and the coefficients were in the strong correlation range, with an average of 0.9. Linear regression analysis was used to establish prediction equations. Prediction equations were developed to estimate maxillary arches based on $Y=15.746+0.602{\times}sum$ of mandibular incisors and mandibular first permanent molar widths (sum of mandibular incisors [SMI] + molars), $Y=18.224+0.540{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=16.186+0.586{\times}(SMI+molars)$ for both genders, and to estimate mandibular arches the parameters used were $Y=16.391+0.564{\times}(SMI+molars)$, $Y=14.444+0.609{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=19.915+0.481{\times}(SMI+molars)$. Conclusions: These formulas will be helpful for orthodontic diagnosis and clinical treatment planning during the mixed dentition stage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.4 s.69
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• pp.581-589
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• 1998

In order to correct a maxillofacial-skeletal disharmony successfully and achieve a favorable facial profile, orthodontic treatment must begin at pubertal growth spurt. Therefore predicting the pubertal growth pattern and evaluating the growth potential is very important. For an orthodontist, estimating skeletal maturity in relation to one's personal growth spurt is essential and it must be considered into the treatment. The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in menacheal age among different malocclusion groups and to evaluate the skeletal maturity at menarche. The subjects were 64 Class I malocclusion patients, 51 Class II patients and 38 Class III patients. Skeletal maturity was estimated from handwrist radiographs of these patients. Handwrist radiographs were taken between 3 months before and after the menarche. The results were as follows. 1. The mean chronologic age of menarche was $12.50{\pm}1.01$ years. 2. For the Class I malocclusion group the mean age of menarche was $12.36{\pm}1.04$ years, for Class II $12.81{\pm}1.03$ years and for Class III $12.32{\pm}0.82$ years. According to these results Class II malocclusion patients started mensturation later than Class I and Class III malocclusion patients. 3. No difference was found considering the skeletal maturity at menarche among the malocclusion groups. 4. The skeletal maturity index at menarche was SMI 7 for $45.10\%$, SMI 8 for $27.25\%$, SMI 9 for $10.46\%$, SMI 6 for $7.84\%$, SMI 10 for $7.84\%$ and SMI 5 for $1.31\%$ patients. 5. Statistically there was a significant correlation between skeletal maturity estimated by handwrist radiographs and menacheal age(p<0.05, r=0.25430).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4B
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• pp.345-354
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• 2006

Drought brings on long term damage in contrast to flood, on economic loss in the region, and on ecologic and environmental disruptions. Drought is one of major natural disasters and gives a painful hardship to human beings. So we have tried to quantify the droughts for reducing drought damage and developed the drought indices for drought monitoring and management. The Palmer's drought severity index (PDSI) is widely used for the drought monitoring but it has the disadvanges and limitations in that the PDSI is estimated by considering just climate conditions as pointed out by many researchers. Thus this study uses the SWAT model which can consider soil conditions like soil type and land use in addition to climate conditions. We estimate soil water (SW) and soil moisture index (SMI) by SWAT which is a long term runoff simulation model. We apply the SWAT model to Soyang dam watershed for SMI estimation and compare SMI with PDSI for drought analysis. Say, we calibrate and validate the SWAT model by daily inflows of Soyang dam site and we estimate long term daily soil water. The estimated soil water is used for the computation of SMI based on the soil moisture deficit and we compare SMI with PDSI. As the results, we obtained the determination coefficient of 0.651 which means the SWAT model is applicable for drought monitoring and we can monitor drought in more high resolution by using GIS. So, we suggest that SMI based on the soil moisture deficit can be used for the drought monitoring and management.