• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.331-347
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• 1996

This study was aimed at comparing the dietary pattern of middle school girls according to family type. As for subjects, sixty girls of M middle school of Taejon city were chosen as a total. They were devided into two groups consisted of thirty subjects respectively ; those who live in single mother's family(SMF) and both parent's family(BPF). In this study, intakes of food and nutrient and dietary behaviors of each group were investigated through two-day dietary records and questionnaire. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1) Mean daily intake of all nuitrients except calcium were more than RDAs in two groups. However, intake of calcium and rtio of Ca / P were lower than RDAs in two groups. And proportion of less than 2/3 of RDAs of calcium were higher than other nutrients. Intake of iron was more than RDAs, but nutritional status of iron might be poorer considering the food sorce of iron taken by subjects. According to family type, girls of SMF seemed to have more serious to have more serious problem in these nutrients than those of BPF. 2) The average distribution ratios of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack to total calorie intake was 25.2, 31.3, 24.6 and 18.9 in SMF, and 19.7, 33.1, 24.3 and 22.9 in BPF. Thus it proved that lunch contributed more energy intake than any other meal, and that snack was an important means to supply nutrients for girls of two groups. And energy intake through breakfast of SMF was more than BPF. 3) The major dietary problems of two groups were unbalanced diet, missing meal, and overeating. The degree of sharing meal with family was lower in girls of SMF than those of BPF. The degrees of skipping (p<0.05), or irregularity, or preparing meal by girls(P<0.05) in the case of dinner were tended to be more frequent in SMF than BPF. And number of food taken per day was less various in SMF of 15.2 kinds than BPF of 17.1 kinds(P<0.001). As a conclusion, subjects should take more calcium or iron contained food which is well absorved, and eat diverse foods to improve their nutritional status. And it is also necessary that calorie intake through snack should be diminished, and dinner should be eaten regularly and shared with family if possible. In view of family type, girls of SMF proved to have poorer food habit than those of BPF. Thus, these results shows that dietary pattern of girls is different atcording to family type. Therefore, we should carry out nutritional education for girls considering the difference of dietary pattern by family type. In addition, nutritional education for girls of SMF should be regarded more importantly than those of BPF because girls of SMF might have more chance to manage their meal by themselves and also have more dietary problems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.2293-2302
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• 2012

New optical transmission links technique for compensating of the distorted wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals due to group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self phase modulation (SPM) in single mode fiber (SMF) are proposed. The proposed optical links have optical phase conjugator (OPC) placed at nearby WDM transmitter or receiver and repeater spans with artificial distribution of SMF length and residual dispersion per span (RDPS). It is confirmed that optimal link configuration expanding effective launching power range and effective net residual dispersion (NRD) by improving system performance is that having OPC closely placed at WDM receiver and the gradually descended distribution of SMF length and RDPS of each repeater spans, related with the gradually increased optical link length. And, it is also confirmed that NRD is controlled by postcompensation in optimal optical link with OPC closely placed at WDM receiver.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

We proposed a fusion splicing method for low splicing loss between a single-mode fiber(SMF) and two different photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) such as a photonic bandgap fiber(PBGF) and highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(NL-PCF). The splicing loss between the SMF and PBGF is affected by air-hole collapse. Therefore, we optimized fusion splicer and reduced a splicing loss below 1.22 dB. We also inserted a Intra High Numerical Aperture(UHNA) fiber between the SMF and NL-PCF to achieve a splicing loss of below 2.59 dB.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.815-821
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• 2005

Three major commercially available organic chemical admixtures are modified lignosulfonates (LS), sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde resins (SNF) and sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde (SMF). In this study, various sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde (SMF) superplasticizers were synthesized via four synthetic steps including hydroxymethylation (Step 1), sulfonation (Step 2), polymerization (Step 3) and neutralization and stabilization (Step 4). In this synthesis, mole ratio of melamine to formaline and the amount of acid catalyst used were varied. The obtained SMF superplasticizers were applied to cement paste and mortar and their physical properties including workability, slump loss, compressive strength were investigated. Also their hydrate shapes were investigated by examining SEM images of the cured paste. It was found that the fluidity properties of cement were significantly influenced by the structure of SMF condensates.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2015

Transmission characteristics of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) fabricated by periodically etching a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) are investigated. After coating the SMF with photoresist, the cladding of the SMF is symmetrically and periodically removed by using a wet etching technique resulting in the formation of the LPFG. Tensile strain reinforces the coupling strength between the core and the cladding mode based on the photoelastic effect. The extinction ratio of the SMF-based LPFG at a wavelength of 1550.8 nm is measured to be -15.1 dB when the applied strain is $600{\mu}{\varepsilon}$. The ascent of ambient index shifts the resonant wavelength to shorter wavelength because of the increase of the effective refractive index of the cladding mode. The extinction ratio is diminished by increase in the ambient index because of the induction of the optical attenuation of the cladding mode. The transmission characteristics of the proposed LPFG with variations in torsion are also measured. The photoelastic effect based on torsion changes the extinction ratio and the resonant wavelength of the proposed SMF-based LPFG. The polarization-dependent loss of the LPFG is also increased by torsion because of the torsion-induced birefringence. The polarization-dependent loss of the LPFG at torsion of 8.5 rad/m is measured to be 3.9 dB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.638-641
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• 2012

Optimal net residual dispersion (NRD) and effective launching power range of optical transmission links with random distribution of single mode fiber (SMF) length and residual dispersion per span (RDPS) required to flexibly design of optical links in dispersion management (DM) technique for compensating the distorted 960 Gbps optical signals due to interaction of group velocoty dispersion (GVD) and optical nonlinear effects are induced.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.530-533
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 음악연주 정보를 기록하는 SMF (Standard MIDI File) 대한 정보 하이딩을 스테가노그래피의 관점에서 재고 해 보았다. 그 결과 그 중 SMF 데이터 스트림에 메시지를 은닉 하는 방법이 주로 이용되어 왔다. 연주 정보 통제 방법은 포함할 수 정보량의 증대가 어렵다는 문제가 있었다. 이 보고서는 기존 방식과는 다른 성분인 듀레이션의 확률적 확산을 이용해 정보를 은닉하는 SMF 스테가노그래피를 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1407-1410
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• 2003

멀티미디어에 대한 관심 증가로 미디어 파일중의 하나인 SMF의 사용자층이 넓어지고 있다. 기존의 시퀀싱 소프트웨어의 양자화 기능은 음표 하나만을 기준을 했기 때문에 건반 혹은 다른 미디 컨트롤러를 통해 실시간으로 입력받은 SW를 양자화 한 후 또 다시 수작업으로 보정을 해 주어야 했다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 번거로움을 줄이고, 연주자가 최초에 의도한 악보에 근접하기 위한 SMF의 양자화 알고리듬에 관해 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.633-635
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• 2018

The compensation characteristics of the distorted WDM channels compensated for by dispersion management (DM) and optical phase conjugation in the long-haul (50 fiber spans ${\times}$ 80 km) transmission link with the randomly distributed single mode fiber (SMF) length and residual dispersion per spans (RDPS) are investigated as a function of the arrangement of SMF and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and the control position of net residual dispersion (NRD).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.620-621
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• 2015

The system performances of WDM channel signals as a function of the number of fiber spans in optical link with the uniform distributions of single mode fiber (SMF) lengths and residual dispersion per span (RDPS) for the compensation for the distorted WDM signals due to the group velocity dispersion (GVD) are evaluated and compared.