• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1992

A study was carried out to know the effects of two kinds of paper mill sludge manure compost(SMC) on the growth and chemical components of kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) : Control(SMC-0) contained chemical fertilizer only, sludge manure compost-1(SMC-1) contained 18% of swine manure and 8% of sawdust of the total weight of the manure in addition to the chemical fertilizer, and sludge manure compost-2(SMC-2) contained swine manure without sawdust a third of the total by weight on a fresh weight basis, 1) Kidney bean treated with SMC-1 and SMC-2 showed the increasing tendency of values meristem height, stem diameter, pod number per plot and total grain yield when compared to control(SMC-0) treatment 2) Though there was not a significant difference between SMC-1 and SMC-2 treatments on the growth, SMC-1 tended to increase the value of meristem height, stem diameter, pod number per plot and total grain yield of kidney bean, 3) The contents of aluminium, iron and zinc in kidney bean were higher than other elements, though there was no significant difference between the treatments, And those of chromium, lead and cadmium were negligible. 4) From the results obtained, it can be said that SMC application has more favorable effects on the growth of the plant than control(SMC-0). The effects of SMC-1 application on the growth of kidney bean was more favorable than those of SMC-2.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2018

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, multi-system developmental disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode components of the cohesin complex. X-linked CdLS caused by an SMC1A mutation is an extremely rare disease characterized by phenotypes milder than those of classic CdLS. In the Republic of Korea, based on a literature review, one family with SMC1A-related CdLS with mild phenotypes has been genetically confirmed to date. In this study, we describe the clinical features of a Korean boy with a hemizygous novel missense mutation and his mother with a heterozygous mutation, i.e., c.2447G>A (p.Arg816His) in SMC1A, identified by multi-gene panel sequencing. The proband had a mild phenotype with typical facial features and his mother exhibited a mild, subclinical phenotype. This study expands the clinical spectrum of patients with X-linked CdLS caused by SMC1A variants. Moreover, these findings reinforce the notion that a dominant negative effect in a carrier female with a heterozygous mutation in SMC1A results in a phenotype milder than that in a male patient with the same mutation.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2021

This paper presents a novel algorithm to reconstruct meso-scale representative volume elements (RVE), referring to experimentally observed features of Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) composites. Predicting anisotropic mechanical properties of SMC composites is challenging in the multiscale virtual test using finite element (FE) models. To this end, an SMC RVE modeler consisting of a series of image processing techniques, the novel reconstruction algorithm, and a FE mesh generator for the SMC composites are developed. First, micro-CT image processing is conducted to estimate probabilistic distributions of two critical features, such as fiber chip orientation and distribution that are highly related to mechanical performance. Second, a reconstruction algorithm for 3D fiber chip packing is developed in consideration of the overlapping effect between fiber chips. Third, the macro-scale behavior of the SMC is predicted by the multiscale analysis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 1992

This study was carried out to know the effects of two kinds of peper mill sludge manure compost(SMC-1 and SMC-2) on the growth and chemical comments of carrot(Daucus carota L.) : SMC-1 contained 18% of swine manure and 8 % of sawdust on a fresh weight basis and SMC-2 contained swine manure without sawdust a third of the total weight of the manure and S-0(control) was treated with chemical fertilizer only, S-1 and S-2 was with SMC-1 and SMC-2 respectively, in addition to the chemical fertilizer. Carrot treated with S-1 and S-2 showed the increasing tendency of fresh weight per root and fresh yield of carrot per unit area than control(S-0), and the contents of nitrogen(N), phosporus(P), potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) in carrot grown on SMC treatments were higher than those on control(S-0), The S-2 treatment tended to increase values of the fresh weight of live leaves, root diameter, fresh weight per root and fresh yield of carrot per unit area than S-1 treatment. The contents in carrot were higher in the order of K>Ca, N. P>Mg, and the contents of aluminium, zinc, copper and chromium were below the level of toxicity for plant growth, and the contents of cadmium and lead were negligible. From the results obtained, it can be said that SMC application showed favorable effects on the growth of carrot when compared to control(S-0), and with the SMC treatments SMC-2 aplication was favorable.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2018

A sliding mode control (SMC) for servo motors based on the differential evolution (DE) algorithm, called DE-SMC, is proposed in this study. The parameters of SMC should be designed exactly to improve the robustness, realize the precision positioning, and reduce the steady-state speed error of the servo drive. The main parameters of SMC are optimized using the DE algorithm according to the speed feedback information of the servo motor. The most significant influence factor of the DE algorithm is optimization iteration. A suitable iteration can be achieved by the tested optimization process profile of the main parameters of SMC. Once the parameters of SMC are optimized under a convergent iteration, the system realizes the given performance indices within the shortest time. The experiment indicates that the robustness of the system is improved, and the dynamic and steady performance achieves the given performance indices under a convergent iteration when motor parameters mismatch and load disturbance is added. Moreover, the suitable iteration effectively mitigates the low-speed crawling phenomenon in the system. The correctness and effectiveness of DE-SMC are verified through the experiment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2000

It is very difficult to maintain the desired tank level without any overflow or any shortage in a dangerous shemical plant and in a cooling one. Futhermore, because its dynamics are very complicate and nonlinear, it is impossible to realize the precise control using the accurate mathematical model which can be applied to the various peration modes. Nonetheless, the sliding mode controller(SMC) is known as having the robust variable structures for the nonlinear control system with the parametric perturbations and with the rapid disturbances. But the adaptive tuning algorithms for their parameters are not satisfactory. Therefore, in this paper, a Real Variable Elitist Genetic Algorithm based Sliding Mode Controller (RVEGA SMC) for the precise control of the coupled tank level was tried. The SMC's switching parameters were optimized easily and rapidly by RVEGA. The simulation results showed that the tank level could be satisfactorily controlled without and overshoot and any steady-state error by the proposed RVEGA SMC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.102-108
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• 1999

The sliding rmde controller(SMC) is known as having the robust variable structures for the nonlinear control systems such as coupled tank system with the pararretric perturbations and with the rapid disturbances. But the adaptive tuning algorit1uns for their pararreters are not satisfactory. Therefore, in this paper, a Real Variable Elitist Genetic Algorithm based Sliding Mode Controller (RVEGA SMC) for the precise control of the coupled tank level was tried. The SMC's switching pararreters were optimized easily and rapidly by RVEGA The simulation results showed that the tank level could be satisfactorily controlled without any overshoot and any steady-state error by the proposed RVEGA SMC.GA SMC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.796-797
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• 2006

SMC(Soft Magnetic Composite) materials which we have newly developed were studied for their applying effects. It shows almost the same motor output power as the laminated Si-steels of 0.35mm in thickness, although core loss of SMC is about 1.5 times that of the laminations. As shown in the results, the SMC motor core is sufficient for real use as a motor core. Furthermore, a 3-D shaped motor core made of SMC can improve approximately 20% of the output compared with the same size motor made of laminations.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine effects of the feeding length of spent mushroom composts from selenium-enriched mushroom (Se-SMC) on muscular selenium deposition in finishing Hanwoo steers. A total of 30 steers were allotted to an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were 2 groups of with and without Se-SMC at three different feeding lengths (2, 4, and 6 months) by body weight (BW). And then dry matter intake, body weight gain, Se concentration and/or content in blood and/or muscle were investigated. Dry matter intake was not affected by feeding length and Se-SMC supplementation. As the feeding length was prolonged, initial and final BW was significantly lowered (p<0.01) with no Se-SMC effect. However, total BW gain was significantly increased (p<0.0001) with increasing feeding length with no effect of Se-SMC. Se-SMC supplementation significantly increased Se concentration in whole blood, but there was no effect on feeding length. Se contents in muscles, especially hind-leg, were significantly increased (p<0.05) as the feeding length was increased. However, there was no difference for Se content between four and six months feeding groups of Se-SMC and also hepatic Se content was not affected by feeding length. On the contrast, hepatic Se content for Se-SMC group within each feeding length was significantly increased (p<0.001) compared with no Se-SMC supplementation. In conclusion, our results suggested that optimum feeding length of Se-SMC as a strategy for the production of Se-fortified beef might be approximately 4 months.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.704-709
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• 2006

The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.