• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study uses X-rays investigate how university students' smart phone use affects the cervical vertebral angle. METHODS: Ninety-two randomly selected students agreed to participate in this study. The participants' number of hours of smart phone use was gathered using a questionnaire. An X-ray of the participants' cervical vertebrae was taken, and the cervical vertebral angle was measured using the Cobb and the absolute rotation angle (ARA) method. Also, the relation between pain and hours of smart phone use was identified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Using SPSS ver18, the relationships among the cervical vertebral angle and the items in the questionnaire were identified and a frequency analysis, an independent t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated. RESULTS: The study showed that an increase in the number hours of smart phone per day led to cervical lordosis(p<0.05). The relationships between points of smart phone addiction and cervical vertebral angle have a negative correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, there are the higher smart phone addiction points, the decrease the cervical vertebral angle. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that increase in smart phone use lead to cervical lordosis, and smart phone addiction scores resulted in decreased in the cervical vertebral angle.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to contribute to the positive development of blockchain technology by providing data to examine security vulnerabilities and threats to blockchain-based services and review countermeasures. The findings of this study are as follows. Threats to the security of blockchain-based services can be classified into application security threats, smart contract security threats, and network (P2P) security threats. First, application security threats include wallet theft (e-wallet stealing), double spending (double payment attack), and cryptojacking (mining malware infection). Second, smart contract security threats are divided into reentrancy attacks, replay attacks, and balance increasing attacks. Third, network (P2P) security threats are divided into the 51% control attack, Sybil attack, balance attack, eclipse attack (spread false information attack), selfish mining (selfish mining monopoly), block withholding attack, DDoS attack (distributed service denial attack) and DNS/BGP hijacks. Through this study, it is possible to discuss the future plans of the blockchain technology-based ecosystem through understanding the functional characteristics of transparency or some privacy that can be obtained within the blockchain. It also supports effective coping with various security threats.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

실시간 멀티미디어 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 많은 시스템 자원과 네트워크 대역폭을 필요로 한다. 이로 인해 각 컴퓨터가 동등한 능력을 가지고 어떤 컴퓨터에서라도 서로 클라이언트와 서버 역할을 수행하는 Peer-to-Peer(이후 P2P로 칭함) 구조가 많은 관심을 받고 있다. P2P 기법 중 본 논문에서는 사용자가 요구하는 콘텐츠를 효율적으로 검색하여 원하는 시간 안에 스트리밍 서비스 하는 기법에 연구의 주안점을 두었다. P2P상에 흩어져 존재하는 수많은 콘텐츠들 중 사용자가 요구하는 콘텐츠를 찾아내어 원하는 시간 내에 원활한 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하기 위해 lookup latency를 최소화 하는 콘텐츠 검색 알고리즘을 연구하였다. P2P기반 스마트 네트워크 시스템 구조는 슈퍼노드와 피어노드 그리고 슈퍼 게이트웨이로 구성된다. 스마트 네트워크 시스템 구조에서 제안한 콘텐츠 검색 알고리즘을 수행함으로써 사용자가 요구하는 콘텐츠를 원하는 시간 내에 검색하여 서비스할 수 있는 유연성을 제공하였다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Objectives : As of 2013, South Korea ranked number one in the world in smartphone penetration rate with 67.6%. Unfortunately, with the rise of smart phone use, side effects such as fraud, loss of personal information, identity theft, formation and widening of a mobile information gap, and last, but not least, smart phone addiction, also increased. Methods : Seventh (7th)graders from a girls' junior high school in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, we reevaluated the Smart phone Addiction Proneness Scale (S-scale). Among the 9 students classified as high risk users, 5 were randomly selected for a study group, and the remaining 4 students, meanwhile, were designated as a control group. The study group received Korean medicine music therapy (KMMT) in a total of 8 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes. Both pre- and post-interventions, the two groups completed the S-scale, Harris and Harris' concentration grid exercise, STAI, and STAXI-K. We analyzed the data by t-test and paired t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results : KMMT had a significant influence on proneness to smart phone addiction (t=3.130, p=.035). KMMT had positive effects on concentration improvement (t=-2.935, p=.043), trait-anxiety symptoms improvement (t=2,992, p=.040), and anger-expression control (t=4.416, p=.012). Conclusions : KMMT had positive, improving effects on trait anxiety and anger expression, which in turn enhanced the improvement of concentration as well as the decrease of smart phone-addiction proneness.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2016

This paper presents a SoC (System-on-a-Chip) dedicated for a single-chip smart capsule which can be used to continuously monitor human alimentary canal pH and temperature values. The SoC is composed of the pH and temperature sensor interface circuit, a wireless transceiver, the power management circuit and the flow control logic. Fabricated in $0.18{\mu}m$ standard CMOS technology, the SoC occupies a die area of ${\sim}9 mm^2$. The SoC consumes 6.15 mW from a 3 V power supply, guaranteeing the smart capsule battery life is no less than 24 hours when using 50 mAh coin batteries. The experimental results show that measurement accuracy of the smart capsule is ${\pm}0.1$ pH and ${\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ for pH and temperature sensing, respectively, which meets the requirement of in-body pH and temperature monitoring in clinical practice.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1166-1175
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• 2021

국내 스마트시티와 긴급차량 우선신호 제어시스템의 현재 상황과 발전동향을 알아보고, 긴급차량 우선신호 제어시스템의 기존 효과분석과 신호제어시스템의 보안을 위한 국내외 선행 연구 내용을 바탕으로, 긴급차량 우선신호 제어시스템을 구축하고 긴급차량에 실제 적용 및 시험운행을 통해 시간단축의 효과성을 분석하였다. 더불어 실시간 신호시스템 제어의 보안관리 및 안정적인 서비스를 위해 기존 ISMS-P 인증제도와 한국인터넷진흥원 사이버보안 가이드의 보안요구사항과 보안위협 항목에 따른 보안대책의 연관성에 따라 비교하여 맵핑함으로서, 인명구조나 화재 등 긴급상황 발생 시 시민의 소중한 생명과 재산을 지킬 수 있는 골든타임 확보 가능성을 높일 수 있도록 ISMS-P 인증제도의 기술적 통제항목 개선을 제안한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.507-517
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education among nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group, pre-posttest design was used. The experimental group (n=36) received problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Control group (n=34) only received instructor-centered lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Data were analyzed using the $x^2$ test, the Fisher exact test, and the independent t-test with SPSS for Windows version 21.0. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group reported increased learning motivation (t=2.70, p=.009), problem-solving ability (t=2.25, p=.028), academic self-efficacy (t=4.76, p<.001), self-learning ability (t=2.78, p<.001), and leadership (t=2.78, p=.007) relative to the control group. Conclusion: Team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures was found to be an effective approach for increasing the learning motivation, problem-solving ability, academic self-efficacy, self-learning ability, and leadership of nursing students.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2024

This project is designed with the aim to facilitate the farmer or gardener to engage in green house systems and to improve agricultural technology. In order to reduce continuous monitoring of the soil parameters, excess time consumption for the farmers and excessive usage of water, "Smart irrigation and temperature control for a greenhouse system" has been developed. There are two different ways to irrigate the land namely traditional irrigation methods and modern irrigation methods.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

In this paper the authors address the problem of comparing two different smart damping techniques using the numerical modelling of the electro-mechanical impedance for plate structures partially treated with active constrained layer damping treatments. The paper summarizes the modelling procedures including a finite element formulation capable of accounting for the observed behaviour. The example used is a smart cantilever plate structure containing a viscoelastic material (VEM) layer sandwiched between a piezoelectric constrained layer and the host vibrating plate. Comparisons are made between active constrained layer and active damping only and based on the resonance frequency amplitudes of the electrical admittance numerically evaluated at the surface of the piezoelectric model of the vibrating structure.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2024

Existing PoS (Point of Sale) based payment frameworks are vulnerable as the Payment Application's integrity in the smart phone and PoS are compromised, vulnerable to reverse engineering attacks. In addition to these existing PoS (Point of Sale) based payment frameworks do not perform point-to-point encryption and do not ensure communication security. We propose a Smart and Secure PoS (SSPoS) Framework which overcomes these attacks. Our proposed SSPoS framework ensures point-to-point encryption (P2PE), Application hardening and Application wrapping. SSPoS framework overcomes repackaging attacks. SSPoS framework has very less communication and computation cost. SSPoS framework also addresses Heartbleed vulnerability. SSPoS protocol is successfully verified using Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, so it ensures all the security properties. SSPoS is threat modeled and implemented successfully.