• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3143-3146
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• 2013

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

This paper presents the smart interacting multiple model (SIMM) using the concept of predicted point and maximum noise level. Maximum noise level means the largest value of the mere noises. We utilize the positional difference between measured point and predicted point as acceleration. Comparing this acceleration with the maximum noise level, we extract the acceleration to recognize the characteristics of the target. To estimate the acceleration, we propose an optional algorithm utilizing the proposed method and the Kalman filter (KF) selectively. Also, for increasing the effect of estimation, the weight given at each sub-filter of the interacting multiple model (IMM) structure is varying according to the rate of noise scale. All the procedures of the proposed algorithm can be implemented by an on-line system. Finally, an example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2010

Low back pain is a common phenomenon among the golfers. In an attempt to understand low back pain, the kinematic changes and golf swing motion analysis has been performed to focus on lumbar spine in pro. golfers. According to the swing pattern, significant variations of the lumbar joint forces and loads has related with muscles activities so the motion analysis of lumbar spine were discussed. The purpose of this study was to analyze motion of lumbar spine and it was to compare joint force during golf swing in pro. golfers. The swing motion of the subjects was tracked using a 3D motion analysis system by Motion Analysis Ltd. and SIMM software. The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and the finish and in vy direction during the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing and the impact(Subject A). The angle changes of lumbar spine rapidly in vx direction during the top back swing and in vy direction during the down swing, the impact and the follow through and in vz direction during the down swing(Subject B). In conclusion, subject A and B both show sudden angle changes between 1st-3rd lumbar spine and 4th-5th lumbar spine during the stage from address to top back swing which caused by over upper body twisting.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.643-650
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• 2017

This pap4er analyzes resonance characteristics of a slave motor that is not controlled by load and parameter differences between Dual motors during parallel operation in middle-low speed. Dual SPMSMs(Surface mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) connected in parallel to a single inverter controlled by the master and slave control in this paper. Based on the stability analysis of the SPMSM for a variation of torque angle, the 6th nonlinear state equation of the torque angle variation in the SIMM(Single Inverter Multi Motor) structure is derived according to a mathematical model for the dual motors. In general, an analysis of the 6th order nonlinear state equation is complex. Therefore, a resonance frequency generated from the slave motor is found from the characteristic equation of the 2nd order system obtained by linearization and model reduction near steady state operation point. Through simulations and experiments, it is confirmed that the stability analysis of the SPMSMs and state equation models are useful for the variation of the torque angle analyzed in this paper.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.567-570
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• 1998

More than 100 isolates of Stemphylium obtained form leaf blight lesions of garlic (Allium sativum), onion (A. cepa) and leek (A. fistulosum) were identified as Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simm. based on various morphological characteristics rather than S. botryosum Wallr. previously reported on those plants in Korea. In controlled inoculations, the pathogen induced the disease symptoms on leaves of garlic 7 days after inoculation. Onion and leek were also artificially infected by the fungus. This is the first report of S. vesicarium causing a leaf blight of garlic, onion and leek in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.138-143
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• 1999

Recently, miniaturization of large scale integrated circuits (LSI) and printed circuit board (PCB) have become essential with the downsizing of electronic devices. Gold electroplating is applied of conductivity wiring or terminals for improvement of conductivity and corrosion resistance. However, electroplating is not applicable since the circuits are becoming finer and denser. Accordingly, electroless plating is recently highly attractive method because of the simplicity of the operation requiring no external source of current and no elaborate equipment. In this work, we tried to develop a plating technique on electroless Ni/Au plating. First, the electroless Ni plating was deposited on the PCB with agitation in the bath at $85^{\circ}C$. Then the Au layer was deposited on the Ni layer surface by same method at $90^{\circ}C$. The bonderability were tested in order to evaluate the stability of the electroless Ni/Au by gold wire or solder ball test.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

The estimation of muscle force is important to understand the roles of the muscles. The static optimization method can be used to figure out the individual muscle forces. However, muscle forces during the movement including muscle co-contraction cannot be considered by the static optimization. In this study, a hybrid static optimization method was introduced to find the well-matched muscle forces with EMG signals under muscle co-contraction conditions. To validate the developed algorithm, the 3D motion analysis and its corresponding inverse dynamics using the musculoskeletal modeling software (SIMM) were performed on heel-rise movements. Results showed that the developed algorithm could estimate the acceptable muscle forces during heel-rise movement. These results imply that a hybrid numerical approach is very useful to obtain the reasonable muscle forces under muscle co-contraction conditions.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2009

The primary market of acupuncture treatment is concentrated on disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This study researches the clinical use of the musculoskeletal system evaluation with a computer simulation. Two fields are examined - patient evaluation and patient treatment. In the field of evaluation, the simulation is used to evaluates the prognosis of medical treatment. In the field of treatment, the simulation is used to decide the most suitable way to perform surgery using the quantitative evaluation about various cases of surgical results.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.10
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• pp.1481-1487
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• 2017

This paper proposes a sensorless speed control algorithm for parallel-connected dual Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors fed by a single inverter. For stable parallel operation of synchronous motors with a single inverter, each motor has to be constantly kept in the synchronization state regardless of load torque. If the master motor with the larger load is controlled, the synchronous state will be maintained. Therefore, detection of the master motor is essential. Conventionally, the master motor is determined by comparing the rotor position error from the relation between the back-EMF for torque angle and the flux position. consequently, the position sensor is deemed essential for finding the rotor position. In this paper, we proposed a method that decides the magnitude of the load from the power angle of two motors due to the load variation and selects the motor to control through the sign function for the sensorless speed control without the position sensor. The results of simulation and experiment conducted verify the efficacy of the proposed method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1048-1057
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• 2015

This paper proposes a sensorless speed control algorithm for parallel-connected dual Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (SPMSMs) fed by a single inverter. For stable parallel operation of synchronous motors with a single inverter, each motor has to be constantly kept in the synchronization state regardless of load torque. If the master motor with the larger load is controlled, the synchronous state will be maintained. Therefore, detection of the master motor is essential. Conventionally, the master motor is determined by comparing the rotor position error from the relation between the back-EMF for torque angle and the flux position; consequently, the position sensor is deemed essential for finding the rotor position. The parallel sensorless speed control method proposed in this paper uses no position sensor, instead it compares the flux-axis current from the connection between the back-EMF for torque angle and current in unbalanced load conditions. The results of simulation and experiment conducted verify the efficacy of the proposed method.