• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2005

The chief aim of this study is to prepare the rational alternative plan of the environmental friendly intoner design which can improve sick house syndrome of an apartment house and clarify future-development and the method proposal of use activation and point out the present problem depended to investigate development and the use actual condition of domestic environmental friendly interior materials related in-and-outside-the-country example on a foundation about the various precedence researches on environmental friendly interior materials. The study was witten at first the concept of the environmental interior design which leads environmental friendly charactenstics of material, a interior design, and construction, at the first in the conceptual definition of sick house syndrome. and then it was introduced the present condition of domestic environmental interior materials, interior design and construction and an environmental regulation and standard of in-and-outside-the-country In Conclusion, it may try to present comprehensive analysis and an expansive alternative plan.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2015

This study was performed to develop treatment method for reducing microbial contamination on Daruma (a semi-processed product of seasoned and dried squid) by combination of strong acidic hypochlorous water (SAHW) and ultrasonic waves (UW). The available chlorine concentration, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH of SAHW were $69.67{\pm}0.58ppm$, $1071.33{\pm}4.16mV$ and 2.79, respectively. The 1.49 log CFU/g of viable cell count and 1.32 log CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus was reduced, and Escherichia coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of sodium hypochlorite solution (SHS) for 120 min. The 3.62 log CFU/g of viable cell count and 3.22 log CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus was reduced, and Escherichia coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 120 min. The antibacterial effects of SAHW were stronger than those of SHS at same available chroline concentration. SAHW treatment after washing strongly alkalic electrolyzed water (SAEW) showed better bactericidal effects than SAHW treatment only. The 4.0 log CFU/g of viable cell count was reduced, S. aureus was reduced below regulation limit (Log 2.0 CFU/g), and E. coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 90 min after washing with 20 times (w/v) of SAEW for 60 min. The viable cell number was reduced below detection limit and S. aureus was reduced below regulation limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 60 min in ultrasonic washer. E. coli was reduced below detection limit when the Daruma was treated with 20 times (w/v) of SAHW for 10 min in ultrasonic washer. These results suggest that combination of SAHW and UW may be a good technique to reduce the microbial contamination in daruma.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.91-106
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• 2022

Concrete-filled square stainless steel tubes (CFSSST), which possess relatively large flexural stiffness, high corrosion resistance and require simple joint configurations and low maintenance cost, have a great potential in constructional applications. Despite that the use of stainless steel may result in high initial cost compared to their conventional carbon steel counterparts, the whole-life cost of CFSSST is however considered to be lower, which offers a competitive choice in engineering practice. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental and numerical program on 24 CFSSST stub column specimens, including 3 austenitic and 3 duplex stainless steel square hollow section (SHS) stub columns and 9 austenitic and 9 duplex CFSSST stub columns, has been carried out. Finite element (FE) models were developed to be used in parametric analysis to investigate the influence of the tube thickness and concrete strength on the ultimate capacities more accurately. Comparisons of the experimental and numerical results with the predictions made by design guides ACI 318, ANSI/AISC 360, Eurocode 4 and GB 50936 have been performed. It was found that these design methods generally give conservative predictions to the ultimate capacities of CFSSST stub columns. Improved calculation methods, developed based on the Continuous Strength Method, have been proposed to provide more accurate estimations of the ultimate resistances of CFSSST stub columns. The suitability of these proposals has been validated by comparison with the test results, where a good agreement between the predictions and the test results have been achieved.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Since the seventies and the oil crisis, energy-saving measures have led to a reduction in the ventilation of room. The use of synthetic materials which emit various chemical substances had led to an increase in the concentration of indoor pollutants. "Sick building syndrome (SBS)" and "Sick house syndrome (SHS)" are worldwide problems. Also, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs (Volatile organic compound) and HCHO (Formaldehyde) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The object of this study was to evaluate emission test method for flooring such as wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile, and to determine emission of TVOC and form-aldehyde. The quantity of TVOC and carbonyl compounds emission were sampled and measured by Tenax TA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD), 2,4-DNPH cartrige with ozone scrubber and high performance liquid from flooring. The TVOC concentration emitted from carpet tile was ($7.419\;mg/m^2 h$) the highest among 5 groups of test materials. In wood based flooring and PVC tile, the emitted concentration of toluene was high. And the dodecane emission was highest in carpet. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase in emission test period. After 7 days, the concentration of TVOC from floorings were about 50% below of the concentration at the first day. TVOC emission from wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile were decreased in 28 days and remained steady after about 15 days. The concentration of formaldehyde emission from floorings showed extremely low.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.553-558
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• 2019

In present study, the cylindrical susceptor by the slip casting method was designed to apply high-temperature induction heating by using $(Mo,W)Si_2$ ceramics. $MoSi_2$-based materials were synthesized by SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) method. The phase and crystal structure of $MoSi_2$-based materials were confirmed by XRD analysis. The shape of cylindrical mold was synthesized for various thickness by using the slip casting method. Finally, the susceptor for induction heating was processed by sintering and heat treatment to form $SiO_2$ layer, which was confirmed on the surface of susceptor by SEM/EDS analysis. To evaluate the heating performance of $(Mo,W)Si_2$ cylinder susceptor, we measured the maximum surface temperature and heating rate in comparison with the rod heating element under constantly applied power. The induction heating of the $(Mo,W)Si_2$ cylinder showed excellent heating performance, reaches the maximum temperature of $1457^{\circ}C$, with the average heating rate of $19^{\circ}C/s$ at 2 kW