• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1421-1425
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• 2015

Aims: Pleiotrophin (PTN), an angiogenic factor, is associated with various types of cancer, including lung cancer. Our aim was to investigate the possibility of using serum PTN as an early indicator regarding disease diagnosis, classification and prognosis, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Significant differences among PTN levels in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n=40), NSCLC (n=136), and control subjects with benign pulmonary lesions (n=21), as well as patients with different pathological subtypes of NSCLC were observed. Results: A serum level of PTN of 300.1 ng/ml, was determined as the cutoff value differentiating lung cancer patients and controls, with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Negative correlations between serum PTN level and pathological differentiation level, stage, and survival time were observed in our cohort of patients with NSCLC. In addition, specific elevation of PTN levels in pulmonary tissue in and around NSCLC lesions in comparison to normal pulmonary tissue obtained from the same subjects was also observed (n=2). Conclusion: This study suggests that the serum PTN level of patients with NSCLC could be an early indicator for diagnosis and prognosis. This conclusion should be further assessed in randomized clinical trials.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

Objectives : Cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) are common diseases. They can be managed with acupuncture, but the evidence for effectiveness is uncertain. This review analyzed the acupuncture studies of domestic neck pain and cervical HIVD; the purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful for future research. Methods : We investigated acupuncture treatments for neck pain and cervical HIVD by searching 5 Korean Internet databases. The keywords used were "neck pain", "HIVD-cervical spine", and "nuchal pain". A total of 53 research papers (17 case reports, 16 clinical data analyses, 11 randomized controlled trials, and 9 non-randomized controlled trials) were found and analyzed according to the publication year, type of study, treatment, use of filiform needles, and type of pharmacopuncture used acupoint. The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was determined. Results : 1. Filiform needles have been primarily used in domestic research and were used in at least half of published pharmacopuncture studies. 2. In 51 papers using filiform needles, many studies used only local acupoints; few studies used only distant acupoints. 3. All studies using pharmacopuncture were performed using local acupoints. In particular, the studies based on A-shi point, trigger point, and radiologic lesion sites were useful for multiple purposes. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the acupuncture contents of the domestic neck pain and HIVD-cervical spine clinical studies. This study considers the assessment of the quality and efficacy of each study, which is likely to require research that reflects the future.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.685-694
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• 2016

This paper presents a reliability assessment model for the power semiconductors used in wind turbine power converters. In this study, the thermal loadings at different timescales of wind speed are considered. First, in order to address the influence of long-term thermal cycling caused by variations in wind speed, the power converter operation state is partitioned into different phases in terms of average wind speed and wind turbulence. Therefore, the contributions can be considered separately. Then, in regards to the reliability assessment caused by short-term thermal cycling, the wind profile is converted to a wind speed distribution, and the contribution of different wind speeds to the final failure rate is accumulated. Finally, the reliability of an actual power converter semiconductor for a 2.5 MW wind turbine is assessed, and the failure rates induced by different timescale thermal behavior patterns are compared. The effects of various parameters such as cut-in, rated, cut-out wind speed on the failure rate of power devices are also analyzed based on the proposed model.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.841-852
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• 2018

This paper presents a dual-algorithm search method (GWO-GSO) combining grey wolf optimization (GWO) and golden-section optimization (GSO) to realize maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) systems. First, a modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO) is activated for the global search. In conventional GWO, wolf leaders possess the same impact on decision-making. In this paper, the decision weights of wolf leaders are automatically adjusted with hunting progression, which is conducive to accelerating hunting. At the later stage, the algorithm is switched to GSO for the local search, which play a critical role in avoiding unnecessary search and reducing the tracking time. Additionally, a novel restart judgment based on the quasi-slope of the power-voltage curve is introduced to enhance the reliability of MPPT systems. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can track the global maximum power point (MPP) swiftly and reliably with higher accuracy under various conditions.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.198-209
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• 1999

A thrombus is a mass formed from the constituents of the blood within the vessels or the heart during life. The process of its formation is known as thrombosis, It has been generally accepted that Holotrichia is an useful medicine for thrombosis. The rate of fibrinolysis of Holotrichia extracts increase as incubation times. Especially 52 days, the effect on the extracts has an maximum increased fibrinolytic activity, Heat-and-pH-stability of the extract on fibrinolysis is relative to temperature, At $37^{\circ}C$, it has activating effect between pH 4 and pH 12. At higher temperature, especially $80^{\circ}C$, an excessive increase in temperature has a deactivating effect on the extracts. Optimal pH of the extract on fibrinolysis is between pH 7.0 and pH 8.5, it is effective within a relatively broad pH range. In experiments of various inhibitors of Holotrichia extracts fibrinolytic activity, there are strong inhibitive effect on SBTI and Aprotinin, and a few inhibitive effect on DFP and t-AMCHA, no effect on PSMB and TLCK. Holotrichia extracts mixing with fibrinogen are observed Electron microscopy. it shows partially erosive-shaped fibrinolytic activity. In a SDS-PAGE of the extract having the fibrinolytic activity, three bands are found, protein 1, 2 and 3 having a molecular weight of 30,000, 45,000 and 60,000 Dalton.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2015

본 연구는 북한이탈청소년의 우울, 스트레스 및 자아존중감과 같은 사회심리적 측면을 중심으로 건강증진생활양식과의 관계를 알아보고자 하며, 특히 성인에 비해 정신적으로 성숙하지 못한 청소년기에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 북한이탈청소년 150명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며 대상에서 제외된 설문지 65부를 제외한 85부가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 건강증진생활양식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위해 다중 선형회귀분석(multiple linear regression)을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 일반적 자아, 학교 자아, 스트레스가 건강증진생활양식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 북한이탈청소년의 사회 심리적 요인인 스트레스, 자아존중감이 건강증진생활양식에 영향을 미치는 것을 파악하였으며, 북한이탈청소년들의 건강증진을 위해 자아존중감의 확립이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 앞으로 남한사회의 일원이 될 북한이탈청소년을 안정적으로 정착시키기 위한 사회 심리적인 측면에서의 지원 프로그램이 더욱 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

Objectives : Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between abdominal adipose tissue and oriental obesity pattern identification. Methods : This study was performed in 78 healthy obese(BMI(body mass index)${\geq}25kg/m^2$) women in Seoul. Subjects underwent abdominal CT(computed tomography) scanning and were asked to complete the oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire. Subjects were given written consent and this study was performed under permission of institutional review board of Kyung-hee East-west Neo medical center. Results : 1. VFA(visceral fat area) and VSR(visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio) were significantly correlated with stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu)(p<0.05). But, other patterns were not significantly correlated with oriental obesity pattern identification(p>0.05). 2. We evaluated a difference of oriental obesity pattern identification score in visceral obesity group(n=34) versus non-visceral obesity group(n=44). Scores of all patterns except food accumulation(食積, shi-ji) were significantly higher in the visceral obesity group than in the non-visceral obesity group(p<0.05). Especially, there was a further significant difference in stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu)(p<0.01). Conclusions : Generally, the stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱, gan-yu) has a close relation with stress and depression. This study suggests that stress and depression might be correlated with visceral fat, and the use of oriental obesity pattern identification would be helpful for planning a treatment schedule of visceral obesity in the clinic.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate whether the spinal cholinergic and serotonergic analgesic systems mediate the relieving effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic cold allodynia in rats. The cold allodynia induced by an oxaliplatin injection (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated by immersing the rat's tail into cold water ($4^{\circ}C$) and measuring the withdrawal latency. EA stimulation (2 Hz, 0.3-ms pulse duration, 0.2~0.3 mA) at the acupoint ST36, GV3, or LI11 all showed a significant anti-allodynic effect, which was stronger at ST36. The analgesic effect of EA at ST36 was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (atropine, 1 mg/kg), but not by nicotinic (mecamylamine, 2 mg/kg) receptor antagonist. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of $M_2$ (methoctramine, $10{\mu}g$) and $M_3$ (4-DAMP, $10{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, but not $M_1$ (pirenzepine, $10{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, blocked the effect. Also, spinal administration of $5-HT_3$ (MDL-72222, $12{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, but not $5-HT_{1A}$ (NAN-190, $15{\mu}g$) or $5-HT_{2A}$ (ketanserin, $30{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, prevented the anti-allodynic effect of EA. These results suggest that EA may have a significant analgesic action against oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, which is mediated by spinal cholinergic ($M_2$, $M_3$) and serotonergic ($5-HT_3$) receptors.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Orthostatic hypotension is most common in elderly people, and its prevalence increases with age. Attenuation of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex (VSR) is commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate on the vestibulo-solitary projection of the VSR pathway to clarify the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure and expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein were evaluated in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) after microinjection of glutamate into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) in conscious rats with sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension that received baroreceptor unloading via sinoaortic denervation (SAD). SNP-induced hypotension increased the expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein in the NTS, which was abolished by pretreatment with glutamate receptor antagonists (MK801 or CNQX) in the MVN. Microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists (NMDA or AMPA) into the MVN increased the expression of both pERK and c-Fos protein in the NTS without causing changes in blood pressure. These results indicate that both NMDA and AMPA receptors play a significant role in the vestibulo-solitary projection of the VSR pathway for maintaining blood pressure, and that glutamatergic transmission in this projection might play a key role in the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.657-666
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• 2017

Paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug, induces severe peripheral neuropathy. Gabapentin (GBT) is a first line agent used to treat neuropathic pain, and its effect is mediated by spinal noradrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Electro-acupuncture (EA) is used for treating various types of pain via its action through spinal opioidergic and noradrenergic receptors. Here, we investigated whether combined treatment of these two agents could exert a synergistic effect on paclitaxel-induced cold and mechanical allodynia, which were assessed by the acetone drop test and von Frey filament assay, respectively. Significant signs of allodynia were observed after four paclitaxel injections (a cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg, i.p.). GBT (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or EA (ST36, Zusanli) alone produced dose-dependent anti-allodynic effects. The medium and highest doses of GBT (30 and 100 mg/kg) provided a strong analgesic effect, but they induced motor dysfunction in Rota-rod tests. On the contrary, the lowest dose of GBT (3 mg/kg) did not induce motor weakness, but it provided a brief analgesic effect. The combination of the lowest dose of GBT and EA resulted in a greater and longer effect, without inducing motor dysfunction. This effect on mechanical allodynia was blocked by spinal opioidergic (naloxone, $20{\mu}g$), or noradrenergic (idazoxan, $10{\mu}g$) receptor antagonist, whereas on cold allodynia, only opioidergic receptor antagonist blocked the effect. In conclusion, the combination of the lowest dose of GBT and EA has a robust and enduring analgesic action against paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, and it should be considered as an alternative treatment method.