• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2007

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent congenital craniofacial anomalies. It has a significantly greater incidence of dental abnormalities in number, size, shape, and eruption of the teeth. Knout-out mouse model can identify several genes which play an important role in tooth agenesis. Since disruption of these genes has been confirmed to result in tooth agenesis in humans, CLP associated with hypodontia may be the best models for isolated tooth agenesis. According to the studies of dental abnormalities in CLP, the severity of dental defect is known to be influenced by the CLP phenotype. The cumulative data obtained from mouse and human genetic studies indicated that MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2 are considered as candidate genes in non-syndromic hypodontia, while Shh, Pitx2, Irf6, p63 and EDA pathway genes are involved in syndromic one. We expect that genetic approach of CLP can offer the basis for tooth regeneration and be a new target in hypodontia therapy.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제6권9호
• /
• pp.768-776
• /
• 2000

A robust high-speed motion controller is proposed. The proposed controller consists of the proximate time optimal servomechai는 (PTOD) for high-speed motion, disturbance observer (DOB) for robustness, friction compensator, and saturation handling element, In the proposed controller, DOB basically provides the chance to apply PTOS to non-double integrator systems by drastically reducing disturbances as well as unwanted signals due to difference between real system and the double integrator model. But, in DOB-based systems, if control input is saturated due to control input PTOS and/or DOB, overall system stability cannot be guaranteed. To solve this problem, ribust stability, when the control input is saturated. Eventually, a simple saturation handling element is inserted to maintain internal stability of overall system. Also, we explain the our two saturation handling methods, Additional Saturation Element (ASE_ and Self Adjusting Saturation (SAS), are the equivalent solutions of the saturation problem to maintain internal stability. The stability and performance of the proposed controller are verified through numerical simulations and experiments using a precision linear motor system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2014

The increasing importance of meat quality has implications for animal breeding programs. Research has revealed much about the genetic background of pigs, and many studies have revealed the importance of various genetic factors. Since meat quality is a complex trait which is affected by many factors, consideration of the overall phenotype is very useful to study meat quality. For integrating the phenotypes, we used principle component analysis (PCA). The significant SNPs refer to results of the GRAMMAR method against PC1, PC2 and PC3 of 14 meat quality traits of 181 Duroc pigs. The Genome-wide association study (GWAS) found 26 potential SNPs affecting various meat quality traits. The loci identified are located in or near 23 genes. The SNPs associated with meat quality are in or near five genes (ANK1, BMP6, SHH, PIP4K2A, and FOXN2) and have been reported previously. Twenty-five of the significant SNPs also located in meat quality-related QTL regions, these result supported the QTL effect indirectly. Each single gene typically affects multiple traits. Therefore, it is a useful approach to use integrated traits for the various traits at the same time. This innovative approach using integrated traits could be applied on other GWAS of complex-traits including meat-quality, and the results will contribute to improving meat-quality of pork.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제43권12호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2006

무선 Ad Hoc 네트워크(MANET)는 이동 호스트(Mobile Host)로만 구성된 독립적인 네트워크로서 노드의 이동성을 보장하며 유선망과 기지국이 필요 없는 무선 네트워크이다. 그러나 최근에는 독립적인 MANET에서 인터넷 등 기간망과 연결이 요구된다. MANET과 인터넷의 연결을 위해서 MANET의 모바일 호스트들은 반드시 global IP 주소를 가져야만 한다. MANET에서 주소를 설정하는 가장 잘 알려진 방식은 Shh(Stateless Address Autoconfiguration이다. SAA방식은 노드 스스로 IP 주소를 설정하도록 한다. 또한 SAA의 장점은 주소설정을 위해 따로 서버를 필요로 하지 않는다는 것이다. 그러나 네트워크의 연결이 불안정하고 이동성을 가지는 Ad Hoc Network에서 SAA 기술은 효율적으로 동작하기에는 어려움이 있어 새로운 기법들이 연구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 MANET과 인터넷의 효율적인 연동을 위해서 Internet Gateway를 통해서 이동 호스트에 IPv6주소를 할당하는 법과 할당되는 IPv6주소의 포맷을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 MANET에서 호스트에 한 빠른 Global Address 획득과 효율적으로 Mobile IPv6의 지원이 가능하다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2007

이 논문에서는 토지 피복분류를 목적으로 C 밴드와 L 밴드 다중 편광 자료의 결정 수준 융합을 수행하여 융합 효과를 살펴보았다. 앞으로 이용이 가능해질 C 밴드 Radarsat-2 자료와 L 밴드 ALOS PALSAR 자료를 모사하기 위해 C 밴드와 L 밴드 NASA JPL AIRSAR 자료를 감독분류에 이용하였다. Target decomposition으로부터 얻어지는 산란 특성과 관련된 특징들을 입력으로 SVM을 분류 기법으로 적용한 후에, 사후확률을 확률비 모델의 틀안에서 융합하는 결정수준 융합을 수행하였다. 적용 결과, L 밴드가 C 밴드에 비해 피복 구분에 적절한 투과 심도를 나타내어 22% 정도 높은 분류 정확도를 나타내었지만, 결정수준 융합을 통해 개별 토지피복 항목의 구분력의 향상으로 인해 L 밴드 자료의 분류결과에 비해 10% 정도의 보다 향상된 분류 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.279-291
• /
• 2021

Hair loss is one of the most common chronic diseases, with a detrimental effect on a patient's psychosocial life. Hair loss results from damage to the hair follicle (HF) and/or hair regeneration cycle. Various damaging factors, such as hereditary, inflammation, and aging, impair hair regeneration by inhibiting the activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) regulates the inflammatory response and the activity of various types of stem cells, and has recently been reported to have a protective effect on hair loss. Given that stem cell activity is the driving force for hair regeneration, we hypothesized that FPR2 influences hair regeneration by mediating HFSC activity. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated the role of FPR2 in hair regeneration using Fpr2 knockout (KO) mice. Fpr2 KO mice were found to have excessive hair loss and abnormal HF structures and skin layer construction compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and β-catenin, which promote HF regeneration, were significantly decreased, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)2/4, an inhibitor of the anagen phase, was significantly increased in Fpr2 KO mice compared to WT mice. The proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs was significantly lower in Fpr2 KO mice than in WT mice. These findings demonstrate that FPR2 impacts signaling molecules that regulate HF regeneration, and is involved in the proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs, exerting a protective effect on hair loss.

• IUGG한국위원회:학술대회논문집
• /
• IUGG한국위원회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 2003

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is an imaging radar which can scan and image Earth System targets without solar illumination. Most Earth observation Shh systems operate in X-, C-, S-, L-, and P-band frequencies, where the shortest wavelength is approximately 1.5 cm. This means that most opaque objects in the SAR signal path become transparent and SAR systems can image the planetary surface targets without sunlight and through rain, snow and/or even volcanic ash clouds. Most conventional SAR systems in operation, including the Canada's RADARSAT-1, operate in one frequency and in one polarization. This has resulted in black and with images, with which we are familiar now. However, with the launching of ENVTSAT on March 1 2002, the ASAR system onboard the ENVISAT can image Earth's surface targets with selected polarimetric signals, HH+VV, HH+VH, and VV+HV. In 2004, Canadian Space Agency will launch RADARSAT-II, which is C-band, fully polarimetric HH+VV+VH+HV. Almost same time, the NASDA of Japan will launch ALOS (Advanced land Observation Satellite) which will carry L-band PALSAR system, which is again fully polarimetric. This means that we will have at least three fully polarimetric space-borne SAR system fur civilian operation in less than one year. Are we then ready for this new all weather Earth Observation technology\ulcorner Actual imaging process of a fully polarimetric SAR system is not easy to explain. But, most Earth system scientists, including geologists, are familiar with polarization microscopes and other polarization effects in nature. The spatial resolution of the new generation of SAR systems have also been steadily increased, almost to the limit of highest optical resolution. In this talk some new applications how they are used for Earth system observation purpose.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

The abundance of multi-drug resistance ATPase binding cassette and deranged self-renewal pathways shown in cancer stem cells (CSCs) played a crucial role in tumorigenesis, tumor resistance, tumor recurrence, and tumor metastasis. Therefore, elucidation of CSCs biology can improve diagnosis, enable targeted treatment, and guide the follow up of GI cancer patients. In order to achieve chemoquiescence, seizing cancer through complete ablation of CSCs, CSCs are rational targets for the design of interventions that will enhance responsiveness to traditional therapeutic strategies and contribute in the prevention of local recurrence as well as metastasis. However, current cancer treatment strategies fail to either detect or differentiate the CSCs from their non-tumorigenic progenies mostly due to the absence of specific biomarkers and potent agents to kill CSCs. Recent advances in knowledge of CSCs enable to produce several candidates to ablate CSCs in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially cancers originated from inflammation-driven mutagenesis such as Barrett's esophagus (BE), Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Our research teams elucidated through revisiting old drugs that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and potassium competitive acid blocker (p-CAB) beyond authentic acid suppression, chloroquine for autophage inhibition, sonic hedgehog (SHH) inhibitors, and Wnt/β-catenin/NOTCH inhibitor can ablate CSCs specifically and efficiently. Furthermore, nanoformulations of these molecules could provide an additional advantage for more selective targeting of the pathways existing in CSCs just like current molecular targeted therapeutics and sustained action, while normal stem cells intact. In this review article, the novel approach specifically to ablate CSCs existing in GI cancers will be introduced with the introduction of explored mode of action.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.48-52
• /
• 2024

This study explores the histological features and Bmp4 expression patterns in the replaced tooth germ of Xenopus laevis. Tooth germ formation starts from the dental placode through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, involving various signaling pathways such as Fgf, Shh, Bmp, and Wnt. In mice, Bmp4 expression in the dental placode inhibits Pax9 expression in the dental mesenchyme. Although absent in the presumptive dental lamina of birds and toothless mammals, Bmp4 remains conserved in reptiles and fish owing to gene duplication. However, its expression in amphibian tooth germs is poorly understood. Three-month-old X. laevis were employed in this study. Initially, samples underwent paraffin embedding and were sectioned into 5 or 12 ㎛ ribbons for H&E staining and in situ hybridization, respectively. Results revealed teeth appearing in two maxillary rows: the labial side, with prefunctional and functional teeth, and the lingual side, with replaced tooth germs behind functional teeth. Enameloid was observed between the inner dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme at the cap or early bell stages, whereas enamel and dentin formed during the late bell or mineralization stages from the replaced tooth germ. Bmp4 expression was evident in the inner dental epithelium (ameloblasts), dental papilla (odontoblasts), stellate reticulum, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Overall, these findings highlight the conservation of Bmp4 expression in X. laevis tooth development.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.903-908
• /
• 2005

본 논문에서는 휴대폰 front case의 EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) 도료 패턴과 폴딩 각도 변화에 따른 SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) 값의 변화를 전산 모의 실험을 통하여 살펴보아 휴대폰 개발 초기 단계에서 SAR를 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 첫 번째, front case에 칠해진 EMI 도료의 여러 가지 패턴을 모델링한 휴대폰에 적용하여 전산 모의 실험을 한 결과 EMI 도료 패턴에 따라 다른 SAR 값을 보였다. EMI 도료 패턴에 따른 SAR 값에 대한 전산 모의 실험 중 EMI 도료가 있을 경우를 기준으로 하였을 때, 헤어핀 패턴이 가장 좋은 $8.04\%$의 감소 효율을 보였고, EMI 도료가 없는 경우 $5.94\%$의 감소 효율을 보였다. 이때 폴딩 각도는 $150^{\circ}$로 하였다. 두 번째, 폴딩 각도를 $140^{\circ},\;150^{\circ},\;160^{\circ}$로 변화하면서 SAR 값에 대한 전산 모의 실험을 하였다. 전산 모의 실험에 사용된 모델의 경우 폴딩 각도를 늘릴수록 SAR 값이 감소함을 보였다. 폴딩 각도가 $160^{\circ}$이고 기준 패턴을 적용하였을 때 SAR 값은 1.61 W/kg이 되었으며, 제안한 헤어핀 패턴을 폴딩 각도가 $160^{\circ}$일 때 적용한 결과 가장 낮은 SAR 값인 1.45 W/kg의 값을 얻었다.