• 제목/요약/키워드: SHA3

검색결과 150건 처리시간 0.027초

Wireless Paralleled Control Strategy of Three-phase Inverter Modules for Islanding Distributed Generation Systems

  • Guo, Zhiqiang;Sha, Deshang;Liao, Xiaozhong
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.479-486
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    • 2013
  • This paper presents a control strategy for distributed systems, which can be used in islanded microgrids. The control strategy is based on the droop method, which uses locally measured feedback to achieve load current sharing. Instead of the traditional droop method, an improved one is implemented. A virtual inductor in the synchronous frame for three-phase inverters is proposed to deal with the coupling of the frequency and the amplitude related to the active and reactive power. Compared with the traditional virtual inductor, the proposed virtual inductor is not affected by high frequency noises because it avoids differential calculations. A model is given for the distributed generation system, which is beneficial for the design of the droop coefficients and the value of the virtual inductor. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment results.

Effects of Organic or Inorganic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and White Blood Cell Counts in Weanling Pigs

  • Kil, D.Y.;Piao, L.G.;Long, H.F.;Lim, J.S.;Yun, M.S.;Kong, C.S.;Ju, W.S.;Lee, H.B.;Kim, Y.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.252-261
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    • 2006
  • Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic or inorganic acid supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts of weanling pigs. In growth trial (Exp I), a total of 100 crossbred pigs ({$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$}${\times}$Duroc), weaned at $23{\pm}2$ days of age and $7.25{\pm}0.10kg$ average initial body weight (BW), were allotted to 5 treatments by body weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Three different organic acids (fumaric [FUA], formic [FOA] or lactic acid [LAA]) and one inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid [SHA]) were supplemented to each treatment diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. During 0-3 wk, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F ratio) were not significantly different among treatments. However, pigs fed LAA or SHA diet showed improved ADG by 15 or 13% respectively and 12% greater ADFI in both treatments compared to CON diets. Moreover, compared to organic acid treatments, better ADG (p = 0.07) and ADFI (p = 0.09) were observed in SHA diet compared to pigs that were fed the diet containing organic acids (FUA, FOA or LAA). However, during 4-5 wk, no differences in ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were observed among treatments. Overall, ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were not affected by acidifier supplementation. Although it showed no significant difference, pigs fed LAA or SHA diets showed numerically higher ADG and ADFI than pigs fed other treatments. In metabolic trial (Exp II), 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of acidifier supplementation on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was not improved by acidifier supplementation. Although the amount of fecal-N excretion was not different among treatments, that of urinary-N excretion was reduced in acidsupplemented treatments compared to CON group (p = 0.12). Subsequently, N retention was improved in acid-supplemented groups (p = 0.17). In anatomical trial (Exp III), the pH and $Cl^-$ concentrations of digesta in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. No detrimental effect of intestinal and lingual (taste bud) morphology was observed by acidifier supplementation particularly in inorganic acid treatment. In white blood cell assay (Exp IV), 45 pigs were used for measuring white blood cell (WBC) counts. In all pigs after LPS injection, WBC counts had slightly declined at 2 h and kept elevating at 8 h, then returned to baseline by 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, overall WBC counts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. In conclusion, there was no difference between organic and inorganic acidifier supplementation in weanling pigs' diet, however inorganic acidifier might have a beneficial effect on growth performance and N utilization with lower supplementation levels. Furthermore, inorganic acidifier had no negative effect on intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts in weanling pigs. These results suggested that inorganic acidifier might be a good alternative to organic acidifiers in weanling pigs.

고화질 영상 시스템 응용을 위한 12비트 130MS/s 108mW $1.8mm^2$ 0.18um CMOS A/D 변환기 (A 12b 130MS/s 108mW $1.8mm^2$ 0.18um CMOS ADC for High-Quality Video Systems)

  • 한재열;김영주;이승훈
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 TFT-LCD 디스플레이 및 디지털 TV 시스템 응용과 같이 고속으로 동작하며 고해상도, 저전력 및 소면적을 동시에 요구하는 고화질 영상시스템 응용을 위한 12비트 130MS/s 108mW $1.8mm^2$ 0.18um CMOS ADC를 제안한다. 제안하는 ADC는 3단 파이프라인 구조를 사용하여 고해상도와 높은 신호처리 속도에서 전력 소모 및 면적을 최적화하였다. 입력단 SHA 회로에는 Nyquist 입력에서도 12비트 이상의 정확도로 신호를 샘플링하기 위해 게이트-부트스트래핑 회로를 적용함과 동시에 트랜스컨덕턴스 비율을 적절히 조정한 2단 증폭기를 사용하여 12비트에 필요한 높은 DC 전압 이득과 충분한 위상 여유를 갖도록 하였으며, MDAC의 커패시터 열에는 높은 소자 매칭을 얻기 위하여 각각의 커패시터 주위를 공정에서 제공하는 모든 금속선으로 둘러싸는 3차원 완전 대칭 구조를 갖는 레이아웃 기법을 적용하였다. 한편, 제안하는 ADC에는 전원 전압 및 온도에 덜 민감한 저전력 기준 전류 및 전압 발생기를 온-칩으로 집적하여 잡음을 최소화하면서 시스템 응용에 따라 선택적으로 다른 크기의 기준 전압 값을 외부에서 인가할 수 있도록 하였다. 제안하는 시제품 ADC는 0.18um n-well 1P6M CMOS 공정으로 제작되었으며, 측정된 DNL 및 INL은 12비트 해상도에서 각각 최대 0.69LSB, 2.12LSB의 수준을 보이며, 동적 성능으로는 120MS/s와 130MS/s의 동작 속도에서 각각 최대 53dB, 51dB의 SNDR과 68dB, 66dB의 SFDR을 보여준다. 시제품 ADC의 칩 면적은 $1.8mm^2$이며 전력 소모는 1.8V 전원 전압과 130MS/s에서 108mW이다.

A Rail-to-Rail Input 12b 2 MS/s 0.18 μm CMOS Cyclic ADC for Touch Screen Applications

  • Choi, Hee-Cheol;Ahn, Gil-Cho;Choi, Joong-Ho;Lee, Seung-Hoon
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.160-165
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    • 2009
  • A 12b 2 MS/s cyclic ADC processing 3.3 Vpp single-ended rail-to-rail input signals is presented. The proposed ADC demonstrates an offset voltage less than 1 mV without well-known calibration and trimming techniques although power supplies are directly employed as voltage references. The SHA-free input sampling scheme and the two-stage switched op-amp discussed in this work reduce power dissipation, while the comparators based on capacitor-divided voltage references show a matched full-scale performance between two flash sub ADCs. The prototype ADC in a $0.18{\mu}m$ 1P6M CMOS demonstrates the effective number of bits of 11.48 for a 100 kHz full-scale input at 2 MS/s. The ADC with an active die area of $0.12\;mm^2$ consumes 3.6 m W at 2 MS/s and 3.3 V (analog)/1.8 V (digital).

Bacterial Diversity at Different Depths in Lead-Zinc Mine Tailings as Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Libraries

  • Zhang, Han-Bo;Shi, Wen;Yang, Ming-Xia;Sha, Tao;Zhao, Zhi-Wei
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.479-484
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    • 2007
  • Bacterial communities at 10 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm depths in a 100-year-old lead-zinc tailing heap were evaluated by constructing 16S rRNA gene libraries. In total, 98 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 193 clones at a 3% sequence difference level. The OTU number and species richness decreased with the depth. Species composition was significantly different between the three libraries. Fifty-seven percent of the examined clones were Acidobacteria and 27% belonged to Proteobacteria. Other sequences included Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospira, and three unclassified OTUs. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were mainly distributed in the rhizosphere of naturally colonizing plants; however, Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi tended to inhabit the deeper tailings (below the 100 cm-depth).

악관절잡음 환자의 하악운동양상 (Patterns of Mandibular Movement of Patients with TMJ Noise)

  • Sung Chang Chung;Young Ok Lee
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 1986
  • Registration of the mandibular movement in patients with temporomandibular joint noise (clicking and/or crepitus) was performed using one of mandibular tracking devices(SAPHON VISI-TRAINER CII,Tokyo Shizai-sha Inc.,Japan). The obtained results were follows : 1. In many cases, the movement pattern of light emitting diode(LED) attached on the mandibular midline showed lateral deviation from a vertical reference line which was pronounced in association with TMJ noise during opening and closing. 2. In patients with unilateral TMJ noise the mandibular midline usually towards the side demonstrating TMJ noise during opening. 3. A distinct V-shaped discontinuity in the trace of velocity of mandibular movement was found at the point of the TMJ noise. 4. In patients with TMJ noise the velocity of mandibular movement at the point of the TMJ noise was decreased rapidly. 5. In several cases, TMJ noise could be eliminated by traning of Rocabado`s control of TMJ rotations.

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VPN을 위한 IPSec 암호프로세서의 FPGA 구현 (FPGA Implementation of IPSec Crypto Processor for VPN)

  • 이광호;유수봉;전진오;강민섭
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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    • pp.889-892
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 VPN을 위한 IPSec 암호 프로세서의 설계 및 구현에 관하여 기술한다. IPSec 암호 프로세서의 기밀성 서비스를 위한 암호엔진은 DES, 3 DES, SEED, 그리고 AES 알고리듬 등을 사용하여 설계하였고, 인증 및 무결성 보안 서비스를 위한 인증엔진은 HMAC(The Hashed Message Authenticat ion Code)-SHA-1을 기본으로 설계하였다. 제안된 암호 프로세서는 Verilog를 사용하여 구조적 모델링을 행하였으며, Xilinx사의 ISE 6.2i 툴을 이용하여 논리 합성을 수행하였다. FPGA 구현을 위해서 Xilinx ISE 6.2i툴과 Modelsim을 이용하여 타이밍 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

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IPv6용 IPSec 하드웨어 칩을 위한 AES 모듈 (AES Modules for IPSec Hardware Chips in IPv6)

  • 김경태;김지욱;박상길;양인제;김동규;이정태
    • 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국멀티미디어학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표논문집(하)
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    • pp.920-925
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    • 2002
  • 급속히 고갈되어가는 IPv4의 주소 부족 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 차세대 인터넷 프로토콜 (IP)인 IPv6가 제안되었고 실용화 단계까지 진행되고 있다. IPv6에서의 요구 사항 중의 하나인 IPSec은 IPv4의 취약한 보안 기능을 강화하는 것이다. 현재 IPSec에서 반드시 구현되어야 할 암호화 알고리즘으로 MD5, SHA1, 3DES와 더불어 최근 표준안으로 채택된 AES(Rijndael)을 요구하고 있다. IPv6의 고속 수행을 위하여는 IPSec이 하드웨어로 구현될 필요성이 있으므로, 본 논문에서는 IPv6용 IPSec 칩에 탑재할 AES 하드웨어 모듈을 구현하였다. 제안된 하드웨어 모듈은 효율적인 알고리즘의 수행과 구현을 위하여, 암호화/복호화 단계가 동일한 구조로 동작하도록 설계하였으며, 가변적인 128, 196,256 비트의 키에 대하여 같은 로직을 사용하도록 설계하였다.

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DICOM 의료정보보호를 위한 면적효율적인 통합 TLS 보안 프로세서의 구현 (Implementation of Area Efficient Integrated TLS Security Processor for DICOM Medical Information Security)

  • 장우영;류상준;김영철
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보처리학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.1107-1110
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문은 의료영상진단시스템에서의 의료정보보호를 위한TLS 프로세서의 구현에 관하여 기술하였다. DICOM 3.0 standard의 ‘Part 15. DICOM Security Profile’에서는 TLS와 ISCL 두 가지의 Secure Transport Connection Profile을 정의하고 있고, 인증, 데이터의 무결성 보장, 프리아버시 보호의 기능을 할 수 있도록 몇가지의 알고리즘을 사용할 것을 정의하고 있다. 그 중 TLS Security Profile에는 Triple DES CBC모드와, RSA and SHA를 정의하고 있다. 그리하여 본 논문에서는 세 알고리즘의 개별적인 동작 검증을 마친 후 통합된 TLS Processor를 설계하고 검증하였다. 일반적인 Mux만을 이용한 설계는 임베디드 시스템 적용에 있어서 면적을 많이 차지하는 단점이 나타났다. 따라서 면적을 많이 차지하는 레지스터를 줄이기 위해서 세 알고리즘 블록이 같은 레지스터를 공유하도록 설계하였다. 그리고 임베디드시스템 개발 키트인 IFC-ETK100장비의 FPGA에 회로를 올리고 검증하였다.

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아라미드 종이의 특성에 대한 표면 개질 과정 조건의 영향 (Effect of Surface Modification Process Conditions on Properties of Aramid Paper)

  • Sha, Lizheng;Zhao, Huifang
    • 폴리머
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.196-203
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    • 2013
  • Surface modification of meta-aramid fibers was performed by phosphoric acid treatment. Surface morphology and element composition of untreated and treated fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of surface modification on the mechanical strength of aramid papers made from meta-aramid fibers and fibrid were investigated. Surface modification conditions were optimized by response surface analysis (RSA). Results show that phosphoric acid treatment increases the surface roughness and oxygen content of aramid fibers. They improve the interface bonding strength between aramid fibers and fibrid, which improves the tensile strength of aramid papers. The results of response surface analysis indicate that the tensile strength of aramid papers increases by 47.5% and reaches the maximum when meta-aramid fibers are treated with 21.1wt% phosphoric acid solution at $39.3^{\circ}C$ for 36.7 min.