• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1994

Among the various bacterial isolates from municipal sewages which utilized linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as a sole source of carbon. 3 potent strains - KL-3, SH-2 and EN-1 - were selected. The strains were classified: KL-3 as a strain belong to the genus Klebsiella; SH-2 Shigella; and EN-1 Enterobacter, respectively. They were grown in a broth containing 200 ppm of LAS, using a laboratory scale fermentor: the bacterial growth reached stationary phase after 2 days with a maximum viability of $10^8cfu/mL$ of the culture; initial rates of LAS degradation were high during the first 24 hours of cultivation (KL-3 and SH-2, approx. 50%; EN-1, 20%); after 1 day a lag period of about 24 hours was observed for all the strains, and thereafter break-down proceeded rapidly; final rates after 7 days were approximately 85% by KL-3, 82% by SH-2 and 75% by EN-1. Adsorption of LAS by the bacterial cell mass was high for the strain SH-2, as Freundlich equation: Y= 0.030X + 0.95 was calculated.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

Purpose : We try to disclose how much the keywords of the papers from the Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services with Medical Subject Headings(MeSH) terminologies and to understand the major subjects of the recent emergency medical technology research in Korea from keywords. Methods : We analyzed keywords from 524 articles of the Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services that were published between 2005 and 2011. We investigated frequently used keywords and what percentages of keywords agree with MeSH terms using the MeSH browser. Results : There were on average 3.2 keywords per article. The most frequent key words were AED, Attitude, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR, EMT, EMT students, External Defibrillator, Job satisfaction, Knowledge, 119 EMT in order. The number of terms in precise agreement with MeSH headings was 101(19.3%); 327 terms(62.4%) were not found in the MeSH browser and 96 terms(18.3%) partially matched MeSH terms. Conclusion : Many keywords used in the Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services did not agree with MeSH terms. We conclude that contribution rules should be using MeSH terms and authors should be educated in the proper use of MeSH terms in their research and subsequent publication.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.81-81
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• 1995

It is well known that Src Homology 2(SH2) domain in many intracellular signal transduction proteins is very important. The domain has about 100 amino acid residues and bind phosphotyrosine-containing peptide with high affinity and specificity. Lck SH2 domain is a Src-like, lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase. An 11-residue phosphopeptide derived from the hamster polvoma middle-T antigen, EPQp YEEIPIYL, binds with an 1 nM dissociation constant to Lck SH2 domain. And it is known that the phosphotyrosine and isoleucine residues of the peptide are tightly bound by two well-defined pockets on Lck SH2 domain's surface. To investigate the conformational changes during complexation of SH2 domain with phosphopeptide we have performed the molecular dynamics simulation for Lck SH2 domain with peptide and peptide-free form at look in aqueous solution. More than 3000 water molecules were incorporated to solvate Lck SH2 domain and peptide. Periodic boundary condition has been applied in molecular dynamics simulation. Data analysis with the results of that simulation shows that the phosphopeptide makes primary interaction with the Lck SH2 domain at six central residues, The comparison of the complexed and uncomplexed SH2 domain structures in solution has revealed only relatively small change. But the hydrophilic and hydrophobic pockets in the protein surface show the conformational changes in spite of the small structural difference between the complex and peptide-free forms.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

The medical thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Heading), has been used as a controlled vocabulary thesaurus for English medical paper indexing for a long time. In this paper, we propose an automatic cross language keyword assignment method, which assigns English MeSH index terms to the abstract of a Korean medical paper. We compare the performance with the indexing performance of human indexers and the authors. The procedure of index term assignment is that first extracting Korean MeSH terms from text, changing these terms into the corresponding English MeSH terms, and calculating the importance of the terms to find the highest rank terms as the keywords. For the process, an effective method to solve spacing variants problem is proposed. Experiment showed that the method solved the spacing variant problem and reduced the thesaurus space by about 42%. And the experiment also showed that the performance of automatic keyword assignment is much less than that of human indexers but is as good as that of authors.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2006

SH group modifying chemicals were used to characterize the eight cysteine residues of cabbage PLD. 5,5-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)(DTNB) was used to titrate the SH group of cysteine residues . Based on the optical density at 412nm due to the reduced DTNB, 4 SH groups are found to be present in a native PLD while 8 SH groups in the denatured PLD whose tertiary structure was perturbed by 8M urea. The results imply that among the 8 cysteine residues of PLD, the half(4) are exposed on the surface whereas the other half are present at the interior of the enzyme tertiary structure. The PLD was inactivated by SH modifying reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoate(PCMB), iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and N-ethylmaleimide. At the addition of dithiothreitol(DTT) only the PCMB inhibited PLD activity was recovered reversibly. The micro-environment of the exposed SH group of cysteine residues was examined with various disulfide compounds with different functional groups and we found that anionic or neutral disulfides appear to be more effective than the positively charged cystamine for inactivating the PLD activity. The effect of redox state of cysteine residues on the PLD activity was further explored with H2O2. The oxidation of SH groups by H2O2 inhibited the PLD activity more than 70%, which was mostly recovered by DTT. From these results, we could confirm chemically that all the cysteine residues of PLD are present as in their reduced SH forms and the 4 SH groups exposed on the surface of the enzyme may play important roles in the regulation of PLD activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2012

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is currently used in adjuvant differentiation-based treatment of residual or relapsed neuroblastoma (NB). It has been reported that short-term ATRA treatment induces migration and invasion of SH-SY5Y via transglutaminase-2 (Tgase-2). However, the detailed mechanism of Tgase-2's involvement in NB cell invasion remains unclear. Therefore we investigated the role of Tgase-2 in invasion of NB cells using SH-SY5Y cells. ATRA dose-dependently induced the invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. Cystamine (CTM), a well known tgase inhibitor suppressed the ATRA-induced invasion of SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner. Matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2, well known genes involved in invasion of cancer cells were induced in the ATRA-induced invasion of the SH-SH5Y cells. Treatment of CTM suppressed the MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzyme activities in the ATRA-induced invasion of the SH-SY5Y cells. To confirm the involvement of Tgase-2, gene silencing of Tgase-2 was performed in the ATRA-induced invasion of the SH-SH5Y cells. The siRNA of Tgase-2 suppressed the MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity of the SH-SY5Y cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are well known target genes of NF-${\kappa}B$. Therefore the relationship of Tgase-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$ in the ATRA-induced invasion of the SH-SY5Y cells was examined using siRNA and CTM. ATRA induced the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ in the SH-SY5Y cells and CTM suppressed the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. Gene silencing of Tgase-2 suppressed the MMP expression by ATRA. These results suggested that Tgase-2 might be a new target for controlling the ATRA-induced invasion of NBs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2016

This study aimed to isolate a novel agarase-producing marine bacterium and characterize its agarase, as agarases are known to produce biofunctional agarooligosaccharides or neo-agarooligosaccharides. A novel agar-degrading bacterium, SH-2, was isolated from the seawater of Namhae in Gyeongnam Province, Korea, and cultured in Marine agar 2216 medium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence represented 99% identity with that of the members of the Marinomonas genus; hence, the isolated bacterium was named Marinomonas sp. SH-2. The crude agarase was prepared from a culture medium of Marinomonas. sp SH-2, and exhibited maximum agarase activity at 170.2 units/l. The optimum conditions were pH 6.0 and 30℃ in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. The agarase activity of the bacterium was highly elevated from 20℃(42% relative activity) to 30℃(100%), and 82% activity was shown at 40℃. Its relative activities were less than 40% at over 40℃ after a 0.5 hr exposure. Relative activity was 100% at pH 6.0, while it was 72% and 48% at pH 5.0 and pH 7.0, respectively. The enzyme from Marinomonas sp. SH-2 degraded agarose to neoagarohexaose and neoagarotetraose, indicating that the enzyme is β-agarase. Thus, Marinomonas sp. SH-2 and its enzyme could be practical for applications in food, cosmetic, and medical research.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 2015

From the previous study, Enterococcus faecium SH01 was isolated from mukeunji, an over-ripened kimchi, and it produced bacteriocin SH01. Bacteriocin SH01 showed an inhibitory effect against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, a bacterial strain causing human listeriosis. Crude bacteriocin SH01 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and its inhibitory activity at two concentrations (500 and 1,000 AU/g) against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 was investigated in ground beef at increasing temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20℃) for 8 d. The number of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 significantly decreased (p<0.05) as the concentration of bacteriocin increased from 500 to 1,000 AU/g. Intrinsic crude protease activities in ground beef were examined and increased as the temperature increased. Experiments varying both the concentrations of added bacteriocin SH01 and temperature demonstrated a maximum inhibition (2.33 log reduction of bacteria) in samples containing 1,000 AU/g of bacteriocin SH01 incubated at 20℃. When the crude bacteriocin SH01 solution (1,280 AU/mL) was incubated with crude protease solutions at different temperatures, its activity decreased by only half (640 AU/mL), as assessed in an agar well diffusion assay. The finding that the antilisterial activity of bacteriocin SH01 increased with temperature can be explained by the fact that higher temperatures increase bacterial membrane fluidity, thereby promoting the cellular penetration of bacteriocin SH01 into L. monocytogenes. Bacteriocin SH01 may be an excellent candidate as a biopreservative for controlling L. monocytogenes growth in ground beef.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2001

쌀과 같은 곡류는 전분질을 당분으로 전환시켜 술을 제조하여야 하므로 미생물이 생성하는 효소가 필요한데 그 효소원이 누룩이며 누룩은 주류의 품질이나 생산량에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 전국44개 지역의 누룩에서 순수 분리된 89종의 곰팡이 중 효소역가와 당화력이 비교적 뛰어난 10종(Aspergillus sp. SH-412 Heunghae, Aspergillus sp. SH-422 Ulsan, Rhizopis sp. SH-606 Imdeok, Aspergillus sp. SH-607 Yhesan, Aspergilus sp. SH-613 Wolseong, Rhizopus sp. SH-654 Uncheon, Aspergillus sp. SH-660 Jeonkok, Aspergillus sp. SH-667 Dongseong, Aspergillus sp. SH-669 Uncheon, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 Daecheon)과 대조균주로 Aspergillus kawachii CF1002 그리고 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 사용하셨으며 탁주제조 중 균주별 술덧의 산도, 환원당, 아미노산도와 제조된 완성주의 유기산, 유리아미노산, 유리당, 휴젤유 및 색도를 HPLC, GC Mass, 색차계로 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 균주별 술덧의 주정도는 모든 실험구에서 Aspergillus kawachii보다 높았으며 특히 Aspergillus sp. SH-422는 14.9%로 가장 수율이 좋았다. 환원당은 Aspergillus sp. SH-613이 0.49%로 가장 높았고 Aspergillus sp. SH-422는 0.37%로 가장 낮았으며 산도는 시간의 경과에 따라 감소했으며 술덧 발효중 아미노산도는 시간의 경과에 따라 약간 상승 후 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 각 균주별 술덧의 유기산은 tataric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid가 검출되었으며 lactic acid 함량이 2.0∼3.2g/100ml로 가장 많이 검출되었다. 유기산은 Aspergillus sp. SH-669가 가장 높게 확인되었으며 Aspergillus sp. SH-607이 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 술덧의 주 아미노산은 histidine, alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, tryptophan순으로 검출되었으며 특히 alanine은 주류에 단맛을 주는 성분으로 모든 실험구에서 많은 양이 검출되었다. 각 균주별 술덧의 유리당은 glucose가 가장 많이 검출되었으며 Fusel oil은 iso-butyl alcohol과 iso-pentyl alcohol 이 가장 많이 검출되었다. 한편 균주별 술덧의 색차를 측정한 결과 L값은 63.33∼41.98, a값은 0.09∼-3.47, b값은 17.41∼4.90으로 나타났다.