• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1987

Aspergillus sp. MK-24 was cultured at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in the medium consisting of 2% glucose, 0.2% NaNO$_3$, 0.02% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02% MgSO$_4$ 7$H_2O$, 0.02% KCl, and at initial pH of 5.0. The production of the inhibitor on venom proteinase reached to the maximum in 7 days. Sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source was favorable. The production of inhibitor was not affected by the addition of most of the inorganic salt used but depressed by lead, zinc, cobalt, mercuric or silver salts.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1983

A moderately halophilic bacterium, Listeria denitrificans HB-38, isolated from mud on the seashore in Sooyoung bay, Pusan, showed the requirement of $4\%$ sodium chloride for cell growth in a medium with salts typical of a marine environment, and showed that of $10\%$ in a medium with salts typical of a terrestrial environment. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were $40^{circ}C$ and pH 7.5 in the medium containing $10\%$ sodium chloride and ions typical of a terrestrial environment. Sodium chloride as a protoplast stabilizer gave more stability than sorbitol or sucrose, meanwhile the protoplast did not require higher concentration of stabilizer than that of E. coli protoplast. Succinic dehydrogenase of HB-38 had a halophilic property showing maximal activity in the presence of $9\%$ sodium chloride. The strain HB-38 did not harbor an extrach-romosomal DNA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.188-191
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• 1985

A thermophilic and cellulolytic bacterium, Herpetosiphon geysericola CUM 317 isolated from the compost, produced ${\alpha}-amylase,\;{\beta}-amylase$, and glucoamylase. Mutual relationships on the production of the three amylases were studied by changing the cultivation conditions. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ and glucoamylase were produced highly after 40 hrs on wheat bran medium at $50^{\circ}C$ and after 30 hrs on liquid medium at $40^{\circ}C$, though ${\beta}-amylase$ was produced best at 10 hrs of initial cultivation phase. The production of the amylases was generally repressed by the addition of carbon sources in liquid medium containing polypeptone. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ production was enhanced relatively by the addition of cupric sulfate in the liquid medium, ${\beta}-amylase$ was enhanced by cadmium sulfate, and glucoamylase was enhanced by calcium chloride.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2004

Objectives & Methods: We investigated 36 books to study etiology, pathology and acupuncture & Moxibustion treatment of Gak-Gi Result and Conclusion 1. Gak-Gi is a disease of legs. In the past, it was called Wan-poong(緩風) or Gueol(厥). Currently it is divided into two kinds; the Seup-Gak-Gi(Damp Gak-Gi) in which the legs swell; The Gun-Gak-Gi(Dry Gak-Gi) in which the legs do not swell. 2. Gak-Gi may be caused by exogenous wind, coldness, dampness and Excess of phlegm or damp-heat. It also can be caused by weakness of vital energy(Myungmoon fire;命門火), kidney Yin deficiency and vital energy deficiency in the Stomach and Spleen. 3. Gak-Gi-Pal-Hyul(Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi; 脚氣八穴) are GB31(Poonsi; 風市), ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi; 犢鼻), Nae-seul-an(Extra point; 內膝眼), ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里) ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨虛) ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) GB41 (Choc-imup; 足臨泣) 4. Treatment plans for Gak-Gi are removing the exogenous wind, coldness and dampness, regulating meridians, alleviating the pain and swelling, more importantly, tonifying vital energy and nourishing Spleen and Stomach. 5. Three out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST36(Chok-samni; 足三里), ST37(Sang-goho; 上巨 虛), ST39(Hagoho; 下巨虛) are Lower sea points of Fu organs( Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine). Five out of Eight acupoints for Gak-Gi, ST32(Bok-to; 伏兎), ST35(Dok-bi;犢鼻) are onthe Stomach meridian, and Nae-seu1-an(Extra point; 內膝眼) is on the Spleen meridian. This result indicates that regulation of Middle-cho(中焦) is important in the treatment for Gak-Gi.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2004

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is believed to be one of viral proteins that are capable of preventing virus-infected cell death upon various stimuli. But, the effect of the HCV core protein on apoptosis that is induced by various stimuli is contradictory. We examined the possibility that the HCV core protein affects the ceramide-induced cell death in cells expressing the HCV core protein through the sphingomyelin pathway. Cell death that is induced by $C^2$-ceramide and bacterial sphingomyelinase was analyzed in 293 cells that constitutively expressed the HCV core protein and compared with 293 cells that were stably transfected only with the expression vector. The HCV core protein inhibited the cell death that was induced by these reagents. The protective effects of the HCV core protein on ceramide-induced cell death were reflected by the reduced expression of $p21^{WAF1/Cip1/Sid1}$ and the sustained expression of the Bcl-2 protein in the HCV core-expressing cells with respect to the vector-transfected cells. These results suggest that the HCV core protein in 293 cells plays a role in the modulation of the apoptotic response that is induced by ceramide. Also, the ability of the HCV core protein to suppress apoptosis might have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of the HCV infection.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

The effects of 3 week treatment with haloperidol(2mg/kg/day, i.p.) on dopamine(DA) D2 receptor and DA metabolism in rat striata were studied at various time points after withdrawal from the drug treatment. Striatal DA D2 receptors were characterized with the radioligand 0.5nM [$^3H$]Spiperone. Dopamine(DA), homovanillic acid(HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC) in rat striatum were measured with the high performance liquid chromatography. Drug withdrawal for 1 week induced significant increase in the number of D2 receptor in striatum after withdrawal for 1 week(p<0.05), and then this change was restored to control level during the withdrawal time of 2 and 4 weeks. There was no difference in striatal concentrations of DA and its metabolites among the groups. In conclusion, one-week withdrawal from chronic haloperidol treatment induced DA D2 receptor supersensitivity in the striatum, and that was normalized rapidly. Though this adaptive change in DA receptors, it may not affect the metabolism of DA in striatum.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2009

Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences have been widely used for the studies on molecular phylogeny, evolutional history, and molecular detections. Bacterial genomes have multiple rRNA operons, of which gene sequences sometimes are variable. In the present study, heterogeneity of the Vibrio 16S rRNA gene sequences were investigated. Vibrio 16S rRNA sequences were obtained from GenBank databases, considering the completion of gene annotation of Vibrio genome sequences. These included V. cholerae, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. splendidus, and V. vulnificus. Chromosome 1 of the studied Vibrio had 7~10 copies of the 16S rRNA gene, and their intragenomic variations were less than 0.9% dissimilarity (more than 99.1% DNA similarity). Chromosome 2 had none or single 16S rRNA gene. Intragenomic 16S rRNA genotypes were detected at least 5 types (V. vulnificus #CMCP6) to 8 types (V. parahaemolyticus #RIMD 2210633, V. harveyi #ATCC BAA-1116). These suggest that Vibrio has high heterogeneity of the 16S rRNA gene sequences.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

One cervical cancer cell line, C9, carrying human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) genes that is one of the major etiologic concoviruses for cervical cancer was characterized. This cell line was further characterized for its capacity related to the epithelial cell proliferation, stratification and differentiation in reconstituted artificial epithelial tissue. The in vitro construction of three dimensional artificial cervical opithelial tissue has been engineered using C9 epithelial cancer cells, human foreskin fibroblasts and a matrix made of type I collagen by organotypic culture of epithelial cells. The morphology of paraffin embedded artificial tissue was examined by histochemical staining. The artificial epithelial tissues were well developed having multilayer. However, the tissue morphology was similar to the cervical tissus having displasia induced by HPV infection. The characteristics of the artificial tissues were examined by determinining the expression of specific marker proteins. In the C9 derived artificial tissues, the expression of EGF receptor, as epithelial proliferation marker proteins for stratum basale was observed up to the stratum spinosum. Another epithelial proliferation marker for stratum spinosum, cytokerations 5/6/18, were observed well over the stratum spinosum. For the differentiation markers, the expression of involucrin and filaggrin were observed while the terminal differentiation marker, cytokeratins 10/13 was not detected at all. Therefore the reconstituted artificial epithelial tissues expressed the same types of differentiation marker proteins that are expressed in normal human cervical epithelial tissues but lacked the final differentiation capacity representing characteristics of C9 cell line as a cancer tissue devived cell line. Expression of HPV18 E6 oncoprotein was also observed in this artifical cervical opithelial tissue though the intensity of the staining was weak. Thus this artificial epithelial tissue could be used as a useful model system to examine the relationship between HPV-induced cervical oncogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2000

Monoclonal antibodies against glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Sulfolobus solfataricus were produced and characterized using epitope mapping and biosensor technology, Five monoclonal antibodies raised against S. solfataricus GDH were each identified as a single protein band that comigrated with purified S. solfataricus GDH on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot. Epitope mapping analysis showed that only one subgroup among the antibodies tested recognized the same peptide fragments of GDH. Using the anti-S. solfataricus GDH antibodies as probes, the cross-reactivities of GDHs from various sources were investigated and it was found that the mammalian GDH is not immunologically related to S. solfataricus GDH. The structural differences between the microbial and mammalian GDHs were further investigated using biosensor technology (Pharmacia BIAcore) and monoclonal antibodies against S. solfataricus and bovine brain. The binding affinity of S. solfataricus glutamate dehydrogenase anti-S. solfataricus for GDH ($K_D$=11 nM) was much tighter than that of anti-bovine for GDH ($K_D$=450 nM). These results, together with the epitope mapping analysis, suggest that there may be structural differences between the two GDH species, in addition to their different biochemical properties.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 1982

One strain of Streptomyces sp. (AS-707) isolated from soil was found to produce a biologically active substance that showed a strong inhibitory activity against proteolytic enzymes viz. trypsin, papain, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, Azotobacter protease, and Bacillus pretense. The substance was separated from culture filtrate by ion exchange column chromatography using Amberlite IRC-50 and CM-cellulose column chromatography. It was found that the recovery yield was 26% as activity basis. The substance was stable in wide pH range from 2.0 to 12.0 at 37$^{\circ}C$, but it was unstable in alkaline pH values at 6$0^{\circ}C$. The activity was thermostable to give 90% activity compared to the intact sample when it was treated at pH5.6 at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours.