• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

A question has recently been raised as to whether a foreign officer needs to obtain a Korean endorsement in order to be able to serve on board a Korean flag ship. This is attributable to the fact that differences of viewpoint may arise as to the interpretation on the relation between the mutatis mutandis article 24(1) and the endorsement issuance article 10 bis. This study intends to propose an interpretative solution through conducting in-depth analysis on the article 25(1). The conclusions of this study can be given as follows. First, the jurisdiction over the bareboat charter ships with hire purchase shall be rested with the third country of which the flag the ship is flying, the endorsement to be issued to foreign officers have to be issued by the flag State under the STCW Convention as ameded. Second, the provisons of the ship officers' act shall not be made applicable, commensurate with the intention of legislating the mutatis mutandis article 25, to the BHC/HP in such a way that is in infringement with the jurisdiction of flag State of those foreign ships. Third, the mutatis mutandis article shall be made applicable to only such areas of manning standards not covered under the STCW Convention as amended and shall exclude those provisions pertaining to the issuance of various certificates of which the jurisdiction is rested with flag State under the international instrument. Fourth, the article 10 bis(1) is not a provision requiring foreign officers wishing to serve on a BBC/HP to obtain a Korean endorsement. In summation, the article 10 bis shall be used only in the cases where foreign officers wishing to serve on a Korean flag ship are required to obtain korean endorsement.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 2002

Counterfactual thinking refers to a mental simulation of "What might have been," a cognitive process of once-possible-but-unrealized alternatives to facts, Counterfactuals have been reported to produce intensive emotional experiences, specifically regret. The present research reviewed and tried to integrate the previous inconsistent findings in the view of functional value of counterfactuals. Social psychologists proposed that counterfactuals could be categorized into upward(thoughts of better alternatives) versus downward(thoughts of worse alternatives) and additive versus subtractive. Counterfactual processes are more likely to occur following negative or unexpected rather than positive expected outcome, consistent with the minimization-mobilization hypothesis. Downward counterfactuals serve affective functions(to make one feel better) through contrast effects. Upward counterfactuals serve preparative functions(to prepare and improve performance in the future similar tasks) through causal inferences. Also, upward counterfactuals have been demonstrated in several studies to be followed by success-related attitudes and intentions and actual performance improvement. Furthermore, in terms of regulatory focus, downward counterfactuals were related with the prevention focus(to maintain the current status and upward counterfactuals were related with the promotion focus(to improve the current status). Those findings from numerous studies support that counterfactuals are functional to serve human ongoing motives. In conclusion, applicability and limitation of functional value of counterfactual thinking were discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

Carbohydrates serve three different principal functions in the metabolism of plants. They are the primary products of energy fixation, they are important transport metabolites, and they are deposited as structural or storage compounds. Modification of carbohydrate metabolism therefore covers approaches to modify yield, to change sink/source relationships and thereby alter the ratio of harvestable material, and to improve the quality of crop plants. The scope of this article is to summarize research done at the Max-Planck-Institute related to the first two fields and to present in some detail what we learned, when we established a new carbohydrate storage form in potato.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 1996

Therapeuticre rehabilitation of young children has often included the use of walker as mobility aids. Traditional walkers have four vertical legs, a horizontal bar in front of child, and horizontal bars on either side which also serve as hand grip. Child pushes it. It is called 'anterior walker'. 'Posterior walker' have been introduced which the child pull along behind himself during ambulation. The purpose of this investigation was to compare specific gait characteristics of children with developmental disability, while they ambulated with anterior and posterior walker. Using the posterior walker, specific gait characteristics improve than using anterior walker.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

Optimum Ship Routing can be defined as “The selection of an optimum track for a transoceanic crossing by the application of long-range predictions of wind, waves and currents to the knowledge of how the routed vessel reacts to these variables”. This paper treats the methodology how to serve optimum ship routing problem by network modeling and reveals the validity of the network model by some numerical experiments.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for technology policy aimed both for the generation and diffusion of new technologies. Based upon critical examination of related theories and practice of technology policy, we identify two major problems in current technology generation policy, and the segregated approach to technology diffusion policy from technology generation policy. To remedy these problems, we argue that two goals of technology policy of generation and diffusion should be integrated and synchronized via unified policy framework, and propose the conceptual configuration for policy implementation which can serve the desired objective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.301-308
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• 1998

Eight dimensions of quality suggested by Garvin are well-known. It can serve as a framework for strategic analysis to obtain leverage of quality in a competitive market. However, some practically important dimensions such as usability, cost, etc. are not included in the Garvin's. Based on a survey of newly introduced products, we suggest another framework for dimensions of quality: function, time, limitation, usability, problem prevention, economy, maintainability, nativeness, These dimensions are explained with examles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.190-193
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• 2009

A recently reported simple phenomenological constitutive model (SK) demonstrated comparable or better data description capability to/than one of the rigorous and physics-based models, the PTW model. The simple SK model is believed to be an efficient model for practical applications where an extensive computation is needed, and can serve as a rigorous comparison standard for the development of a physics-based model.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.359-362
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• 1998

The electromagnetic properties of leaky-waves guided by metal-strip grating configurations can be phrased in rigorous modal theory. Such a modal solution expressed by simple electrical transmissionline networks is utilized to analyze the leakage and filtering characteristics of metal-strip gratings. In particular, the modal transmission-line theory can serve as a template for computational algorithms that systematically evaluate the radiation effects that are not readily obtained by other methods.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2015

Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) is about to jump with new system - 16 beams array receiver with low noise temperature, new observation system on VxWorks OS, and FX spectrometer for 32 input signals. We serve a quite obvious diagram to understand new TRAO observation system. This diagram will be quick guide for manager and observer.