• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.6.1-6.1
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• 2011

Nanoscale block copolymer (BCP) patterns have been pursued for applications in sub-30 nm nanolithography. BCP self-assembly processing is scalable and low cost, and is well-suited for integration with existing semiconductor fabrication techniques. However, one of the major technical challenges for BCP self-assembly is limited tunability in pattern geometry, dimension, and functionality. We suggest methods for extending the degree of tunability by choosing highly incompatible polymer blocks and utilizing solvent vapor treatment techniques. Siloxane BCPs have been developed as self-assembling resists due to many advantages such as high etch-selectivity, good etch-resistance, long-range ordering, and reduced line-edge roughness. The large incompatibility leads to extensive degree of pattern tunability since the effective volume fraction can be easily manipulated by solvent-based treatment techniques. Thus, control of the microdomain size, periodicity, and morphology is possible by changing the vapor pressure and the mixing ratio of selective solvents. This allows a range of different pattern geometry such as dots, lines and holes and critical dimension simply by changing the processing conditions of a given block copolymer without changing a polymer chain length. We demonstrate highly extensive tunability (critical dimension ~6~30 nm) of self-assembled patterns prepared by a siloxane BCP with extreme incompatibility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2000

Lycopersicon peruvianum has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) mechanism controlled by a single genetic locus (S locus) with multiple alleles. S RNases, an allelic series of abundant stylar proteins, are products of the S locus in L. peruvianum and other Solanaceous plants. The $S_{11}$ RNase gene from L. peruvianum was introduced into a self-compatible (SC) species (Lycopersicon esculentum) to examine whether the expression pattern in the heterologous host mimics that in L. peruvianum. The resultant transgenic L. esculentum plants expressed the introduced gene highly in their styles, which is similar manner to the expresion in L. peruvianum. The $S_{11}$ RNase gene was expressed in the syle at a similar stage of flower development in both transgenic plants of L. esculentum and L. peruvianum without any morphological changes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.253-275
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• 1994

Many flowering plants possess genetically controlled self -incompatibility (SI) system that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrosses. SI is usually controlled by a single, multiallelic S-locus. In gametophytically controlled system, SI results when the S-allele of the pollen is matched by one of the two S-alleles in the style, while in the sporophytic system self-incompatible reaction occurs by the interaction between the pistil genotype and genotype of, not the pollen, but the pollen parent In the former system the self-incompatible phenotype of pollen is determined by the haploid genome of the pollen itself but in the latter the pollen phenotype is governed by the genotype of the pollen parent along with the occurrence of either to-dominant or dominant/recessive allelic interactions. In the sporophytic type the inhibition reaction occurs within minutes following pollen-stigma contact, the incompatible pollen grains usually failing to germinate, whereas in gametophytic system pollen tube inhibition takes place during growth in the transmitting tissue of the style. Recognition and rejection of self pollen are the result of interaction between the S-locus protein in the pistil and the pollen protein. In the gametophytic SI the S-associated glycoprotein which is similar to the fungal ribonuclease in structure and function are localized at the intercellular matrix in the transmitting tissue of the style, with the highest concentration in the collar of the stigma, while in the sporophytic SI deposit of abundant S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLSG).is detected in the cell wall of stigmatic papillae of the open flowers. In the gametophytic system S-gene is expressed mostly at the stigmatic collar the upper third of the style length and in the pollen after meiosis. On the other hand, in the sporophytic SI S-glycoprotein gene is expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma as well as in e sporophytic tape is cells of anther wall. Recognition and rejection of self pollen in the gametophytic type is the reaction between the ribonuclease in the transmitting tissue of the style and the protein in the cytoplasm of pollen tube, whereas in the sporophytic system the inhibition of selfed pollen is caused by the interaction between the Sycoprotein in the wall of stigmatic papillar cell and the tapetum-origin protein deposited on the outer wall of the pollen grain. The claim that the S-allele-associated proteins are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen has been made merely based on indirect evidence. Recently it has been verified that inhibition of synthesis of S$_3$ protein in Petunia inflata plants of S$_2$S$_3$ genotype by the antisense S$_3$ gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plant to reject S$_3$ pollen and that expression of the transgenic encoding S$_3$ protein in the S$_1$S$_2$ genotype confers on the transgenic plant the ability to reject S$_3$ pollen. These finding Provide direct evidence that S-proteins control the s elf-incompatibility behavior of the pistil.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.261.1-261
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.264-268
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of self-incompatibility control substance 'Apple plus' in improving self-fertilization and quality on apple. Results showed that the rate of fruit setting of disc florets of Fuji apple in the open field increased from 17.2% in 2004 to 44.4% in 2005 for the treated plots and from 0.5% in 2004 to 3.0% in 2005 for the control. In the case of using net covering, the rate of fruit setting increased from 3.3% in 2004 to 5.2% in 2005 for the treated plots and from 0.4% in 2004 to 0.1% in 2005 for the control. For the quality of apple fruits, results showed that there was no significant difference on the fruit L/D and firmness for both control and treated plots. However, the number of seeds was affected by the different substances which produced the following average number of seeds: control, 0.9; IS-1, 1.2; IS-2, 1.2; IS-3, 1.5 and IS-4, 0.7. The SSR genetic analysis showed that the rate of self-fertilization was highest for IS-1 (100%), followed by IS-2 (73%), IS-3 (68%), IS-4 (62%) and control (0%).

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1999

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris), one of the major vegetable crops in Korea, undergoes self-incompatible pathway for reproduction. To maintain inbred lines of chinese cabbage, a method in that $CO_2$ gas is treated to the pistils to break the self-incompatibility and thereby self-pollens can successfully make germination and fertilization has been selectively used in speed company. In this study, the pistil genes induced by the $CO_2$ treatment was investigated by mRNA differential display (DD-PCR) method. The result shows PCR products amplified in a differential pattern from both $CO_2$ gas treated- and untreated-pistil mRNAs, suggesting that the pistil genes are probably regulated positively and also negatively by the $CO_2$ gas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

Self-incompatibility (SI) system is a genetic barrier that prevents self-fertilization and promotes cross-pollination among different S genotypes. In many of these species, SI is controlled by a single genetic locus known as S locus, which prevents the fertilization by pollen with same locus. S RNases are the products of the S-locus expressed in the stylar tissue of Fuji Apple with gametophytic self-incompatibility system. This study investigated the various types of chemicals in order to select more effective inhibitors and activators. The effect on the inhibition of S RNase of Fuji apples was investigated $in$ $vitro$. The result showed that the enzyme activity was reduced 24.3% by Iron(II) Sulfate, significantly. $In$ $vitro$ studies of pollen growth tube showed that pollen tube growth had a higher germination rate (90%) in 10% Sucrose than in 2% sucrose extension medium. Data on the fruit set of apples treated with inhibitor and activator. Double application of $A^+$(Apple Plus, ISTECH Co. Ltd.,)+Vitamin B6 had the highest central fruit set as 86.1%(Andong). One time application of $A^{++}$Vitamin B1 in Yeongju obtained the highest central fruit set (91.9%).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

Rye breeding using F$_1$ hybrid began about 30 years ago, when cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorers were detected. It is very important to produce inbred lines for making hybrid lines because of strong self-incompatibility in rye. Among the 456 rye germplasms used in hybrid breeding scheme, 24 lines (5.3%) had the above 60% of self-fertility, and six lines of them were selected for their good agronomic characteristics and were used for subsequent inbreeding program. The average self-fertility of selected six lines was 78.4%, ranging from 72.2 to 99.5%. Genetic analysis for the self-fertility using $F_2$ populations showed that the segregation of self-fertile and sterile plants in F$_2$populations could be fit into 3 to 1 ratio suggesting self-fertility in rye be controlled by one major gene. The four different self-fertile lines, PI237923, 5C11, 5G5 and Florida black, had the same self-fertility gene because their F$_2$ plants showed almost the same self-fertility as their parents and showed no genetic segregation.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2007