• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.476-484
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• 2018

The high capacity audio watermarking algorithms are facing a main challenge in satisfying the robustness against attacks especially on de-synchronization attacks. In this paper, a robust and a high capacity algorithm is proposed using segment selection, Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and the Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) techniques along with new synchronization mechanism. The proposed algorithm provides enhanced trade-off between robustness, imperceptibility, and capacity. The achieved watermarking improves the reliability of the available watermarking methods and shows high robustness towards signal processing (manipulating) attacks especially the de-synchronization attacks such as cropping, jittering, and zero inserting attacks. For imperceptibility evaluation, high signal to noise ratio values of above 22 dB has been achieved. Also subjective test with volunteer listeners shows that the proposed method has high imperceptibility with Subjective Difference Grade (SDG) of 4.76. Meanwhile, high rational capacity up to 176.4 bps is also achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

Fault tree construction for hazard assessment requires so much time and labor, so it is very difficult to be applied to the large scale chemical plant. For the synthesis of fault tree in chemical processes, this study represents the cause-effect relations between process variables by using the Signed Directed Graph(SDG), and has synthesized Fault Tree(FT) by searching the causes of fault events using the general operator and loop operators defined corresponding to path characteristics on the SDG.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5654-5668
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• 2018

Driven by security and real-time demands of Internet of Things (IoT), the timing of fog computing and edge computing have gradually come into place. Gateways bear more nearby computing, storage, analysis and as an intelligent broker of the whole computing lifecycle in between local devices and the remote cloud. In fog computing, the edge broker requires X-aware capabilities that combines software programmability, stream processing, hardware optimization and various connectivity to deal with such as security, data abstraction, network latency, service classification and workload allocation strategy. The prosperous of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) pushes the possibility of gateway capabilities further landed. In this paper, we propose a software-defined gateway (SDG) scheme for fog computing paradigm termed as Fog Computing Zero-Knowledge Gateway that strengthens data protection and resilience merits designed for industrial internet of things or highly privacy concerned hybrid cloud scenarios. It is a proxy for fog nodes and able to integrate with existing commodity gateways. The contribution is that it converts Privacy-Enhancing Technologies rules into provable statements without knowing original sensitive data and guarantees privacy rules applied to the sensitive data before being propagated while preventing potential leakage threats. Some logical functions can be offloaded to any programmable micro-controller embedded to achieve higher computing efficiency.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2021

The objective of this research is to empirically study public servant knowledge sharing intention by implementing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The researcher proposes an extended TPB combined with a perceived environmental concern variable as a determinant of behavioral intention. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed among civil society and the public sector at the district level in the Central Kalimantan Province of Indonesia. Collectively, 126 inquiries were received. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was applied to analyze and test the research model and hypothesis. The results show that all of the components of the TPB significantly influenced perceived SDG realization. The findings also partially show that knowledge sharing intention mediated the effect of attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived environmental concern on SDG realization. This study confirms that perspectives that affect knowledge sharing intention among public sectors could be approached based on the offered model. Hence, the local government can implement the suggestion offered in this research. The originality of this paper lies in the fact that this study discloses factors affecting knowledge sharing among public servants.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose: Subtotal distal gastrectomy has been accepted as the standard treatment for early gastric cancer that's developed on the gastric body. EMR and ESD have been introduced to minimize the incidence of postgastrectomy syndrome, but these procedures can not detect lymph node metastasis and they have a risk for gastric perforation. Segmental gastrectomy has recently been applied for treating early gastric cancer, but its usefulness has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to compare segmental gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction for treating early gastric cancer that's developed on the gastric body. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all the patients who were diagnosed as having early gastric cancer that developed on the gastric body at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2004 through July 2007. During this period, 41 patients received segmental gastrectomy and 40 patients underwent subtotal distal gastrectomy. All the patients were studied via a biannual review of the body systems, a physical examination, endoscopy, computed tomography and the laboratory findings. Results: There were no significantly differences of the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups. The changes of the nutritional status (Hb, TP, Alb and TC) and the body weight change were not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were significantly more residual food in the SG group than that in the SDG group (RGB classification, Residual>Grade 2), but there were no differences for epigastric discomfort (P>0.05). Esophagitis developed at a similar rate for both two groups (LA classification, >Grade A), and bile reflux was found in only one patient of each group. Conclusion: We expected the reduction of esophagitis and gastritis and the improvement of nutritional status according to the type of procedure. Yet the results of our study showed no significant differences between the two study groups. More patients and a longer follow up time are needed for determining the advantage sand disadvantages of segmental gastrectomy.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the oldest oilseed crops, has been known to posses antioxidative and inflammatory effects. This seed contains lignan compounds such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesaminol diglucosides (SDG), and sesaminol triglucosides (STG). Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, displayed several biological activities including a protective effects against oxidative damage in the skin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, SDG, and STG, on nitric oxide (NO) induction and inducible nitric oxide synthane (iNOS) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that sesamol and sesaminol significantly inhibited NO generation but they were also cytotoxicity however, sesamin effectively inhibited NO production ($IC_{50}: 64{\mu}M$) without my cytotoxic effect in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, it was founded that sesamin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but not COX-2 expression. These results suggest that sesamin may be useful for improvements of the inflammatory diseases.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-209
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify international research trends of SDGs by analyzing the networks among the 17 goals of the SDGs. The research scope covers the World Development and the Journal of Development Studies which are the top impact journals in the field of international development. The interconnected 17 SDGs are divided into five categories of people, planet, partnership, peace and prosperity. In this study, we analyzed the abstracts of the papers of the above two journals using Atlas.ti, a qualitative analysis software, in order to identify the connections between 17 goals. The findings from the analysis of 730 abstracts published in two journals since 2015 are summarized as follows. First, issues related to gender have featured prominently in both journals. Second, China and India have been the most popular case countries in both journals. In particular south-south cooperation led by China and India has been dealt with by the World Development. Thirdly, both journals have their own biases towards to certain SDGs. For instance, the World Development have not had many articles on SDG 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17. The SDGs closely associated with the environment and climate change such as 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15 have also been sidelined by the Journal of Development Studies. More balanced research paying attention to all the SDGs in an integrated and balanced manner is required to provide evidence and knowledge conducive to realizing the transformative vision of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.389-394
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 화학공정의 자동화와 관련된 실시간 나프타 분해로 이상진단 시스템의 한 부분을 구성하고 있는 지식기반의 구현을 위하여 공정변수 상호간의 관계를 나타낸 signed directed graph(SDG)를 기반으로 이상에서 파급되는 증상들을 순서대로 나타내는 fault-consequence digraph(FCD)를 지식모델로 사용했고, 이를 사고사례를 이용하여 검토해본 결과 초기에 정확한 이상원인 후보를 찾아내므로써 이상진단 전문가 시스템의 지식모델로 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.215-216
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• 2023

해사산업분야에서 양성평등 정책과 여성참여확대는 국제적으로 중요성을 인정받고 있다. 전세계 다양한 국가에서 선박운항, 해운 및 해양 보안등의 분야에서 여성역할을 강조하고 있으며 이를 위한 정책 및 프로그램은 확대되고 있다. UN의 지속가능한발전 목표(SDG) 5번은 양성평등으로써 UN 산하 국제기구인 (IMO)에서도 이를 구현하기 위한 활발한 여성참여 국제정책을 확대하고 장려하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 국제적으로 인정을 받고 있는 여성단체(WIMA, WISTA)의 활동과 IMO에서 운영하는 해사분야 여성 참여 정책에 대한 동향을 제시한다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

OPC UA(IEC62541) is a communication protocol for SG(Smart Grid) application platform. It was standardized by IEC TC57 group in December 2012. The IEC61850 has been used in Digital Substation Systems and Smart Distributed Systems. The DNP3.0 has been used for device's data collection/control in Distributed Systems. The DLMS/COSEM has been used to control metering and collect information in the Smart Metering. The top-level SG management platform needs an independent middleware to manage transparently the Power Information Technology, including the IEC61850, DNP3.0, DLMS/COSEM. In this paper, we propose the SDG(Scada Data Gateway) platform. It manages Power Information Technology based Digital Substation Systems and Smart Distributed systems, Smart Metering through OPC UA.