• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2022

We have discovered Vicia grandiflora Scop., a newly invasive alien species in Baekun-ri, Okcheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. This species is native to regions from Central and Southeast Europe to Central Asia and Iran and is reported as an invasive species in North America and Japan. This species is similar to the Vicia sativa complex (V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. sativa subsp. nigra) but can be readily distinguished by the undivided ovate to semi-hastate stipules of the upper leaves, yellowish petals, large size of its flower, and elongated hilum. In the field, V. grandiflora grows in disturbed sites near cultivated land, suggesting that their seeds are typically transported by vehicles along with fertilizer or livestock feed. Here, we present the morphological description, photographs, and sites of V. grandiflora growth, which will be useful in guiding the management of this invasive alien plant.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1993

In order to determine of trace mineral elements of wild edible mushrooms in Korea, the dried carpophores of Armillariella mella(Vahl.ex Fr.) karst., Armillariella tabescens(Scop.) Sing., Lepista nuda(Bull.ex Fr.) Cooke and Lepista sordida(Schum.ex Fr.) Sing., Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.ex Fr.) Qu'el., Hygrocybe conica(Scop.ex Fr.) Kummur were incinerated and analyzed by an atom adsorption spectrophotometry. The six mushrooms contained ubiquitously potassium, iron, zinc, sodium, manganase, copper and calsium in that order, and the content of potassium was the highest than other inorganic components and the content of zinc in Hygrocybe conica was especially the most than the other five mushrooms. Total contents of inorganic components(except Cd) were universally the highest in Hygrocybe conica than other five mushrooms, and decrease in order Hygrophorus russula, lepista nuda, lepista sordida, Aarmillariella mella and Armillariella tabescens. Calsium was not present in Amillariella mella and lepista nuda, and copper not in Hygro­cybe conica, and content of cadimium in Hygrophorus russula and Hygrocybe conica were trace.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2011

Tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) is resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses through a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium coenophialum. However, this endophyte has been considered detrimental since it produces toxic alkaloids to animals. It is vital to understand mutuality between these two to maximize positive impact of the endophyte on agri-ecosystem. Little research has been conducted on endophyte transmission mechanism in planta. To provide basic information related to endophyte transmission, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of endophyte genotype and water stress on endophyte transmission by imposing soil moisture deficits at different stages of panicle development. There was water stress effect on endophyte frequency but not on concentration, whereas endophyte genotype significantly influenced endophyte concentration in pseudostem of tall fescue at boot stage. Reproductive tillers showed greater endophyte frequency and concentration. Endophyte frequency in florets or seeds depended on position within panicle. There was no drought effect on endophyte concentration, but showed the effect of endophyte genotype on endophyte concentration in florets and seeds. Overall endophyte concentration in seeds was higher. From this study, we may conclude that although water stress reduced endophyte frequency in vegetative tiller, water stress does not have effect on endophyte transmission, suggesting that drought is not an important factor controlling the endophyte transmission from plant to seed. Endophyte genotype and seed position in a panicle affected endophyte transmission, indicating that these two factors are involved in endophyte transmission and may determine seed transmission of endophyte in tall fescue.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2012

It has been known that endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) is beneficial to tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix Scop.) because the mutualistic endophyte is able to confers tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses to tall fescue. However, this fungal endophyte produces toxic alkaloid resulting in negative effects on animal performance. Recently, Non-toxic endophyte have been developed and inserted into tall fescue to avoid detrimental effect on animal but remaining positive influence on tall fescue. In order to keep this beneficial impact, it is essential to have endophyte infected tall fescue through vertical transmission from maternal plants to seeds. Little research has been carried out on endophyte transmission. To get basic information related to endophyte transmission, experiment was conducted to examine the effect of plant genotype on endophyte transmission under water stresses. Overall endophyte concentration in seeds was higher than that in panicles and endophyte concentration in seeds and panicles relied on plant. This study revealed that drought is not a critical component to control the endophyte transmission from maternal plants to seeds. Plant genotype is an important factor controlling the endophyte transmission from plant to seed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate how to effect the application of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium on the vegetation and dry matter yield in the mixed sward of orchardgrass and crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis [L.] Scop.). The experimental sward wa5 consisted of eight plots of non-application, P, K, PK, N. NK, NP and NPK. These plots were sown with seeds mixture of orchardgrass 17.5 kglha and crabgrass 17.5 kg/ ha on 22 April 1975 in the forage experimental field of Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea, and were cut four times from 6 July to 18 November 1975. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In orchardgrass density measured after summering, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked only 3 1.0% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate while in crabgrass density measured at that time the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked as high as 112.5% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate. 2. Application of phosphate and potassium improved wintering record of orchardgrass. In orchardgrass density measured after wintering, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked only 9.7% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, and the plot of NP applied without K marked 63.6% of the plot of NP applied with K. 3. In surface coverage of orchardgrass, in midsummer any plot applied with nitrogen regardless of accompanying with or not with phosphate wa5 0%, but in autumn the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate was 56-58% and the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was 5%. While after wintering the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate was 28-37% though the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was only 0.3-0.6%; the application of phosphate improved summering and wintering record of orchardgrass. 4. Application of phosphate demonstrated remarkable effect on increasing dry matter yield in orchardgrass. In year total yield of orchardgrass, the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate marked as low as 11.3% of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, but in crabgrass the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate was almost equal to the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate showing 97.5% of this plot. 5. Application of potassium was not effective on increasing dry matter yield of orchardgrass but its application was effective on increasing dry matter yield of crabgrass. In dry matter yield of orchardgrass significant difference was not found between NP plot and NPK plot, but in dry matter yield of crabgrass NPK plot recorded significantly higher yield compared with NP plot (p<0.05). 6. In botanical composition of the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate, crabgrass recorded 46.5-50.5% in early summer (July) but in midsummer (August) it dominated the plot recording 85.6-91.2%. 7. In botanical composition based on the year total yield, in the plot of nitrogen applied with phosphate orchardgrass marked 21.7-26.2% and crabgrass recorded 73.8-78.370, but in the plot of nitrogen applied without phosphate orchardgrass marked only 3.5% being overwhelmingly dominated by crabgrass which recorded 96.5%. 8. Application of nitrogen not accompanied with phosphate strengthened competitive power of the crabgrass unilaterally, making orchardgrass be oppressed fatally by the crabgrass.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate natural dyeing properties of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). We dyed the Korean traditional paper with dyestuff which extracted from wood meal of Cotinus coggygria Scop (smoke tree) using hot-water, ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution. As mordants, 0.5% of $AlK(SO_4)_2$, $FeCl_2$, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ solution were used respectively. The color of dyed Hanji mainly depended on not the methods of extraction but the kinds of mordant. The dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ colored vivid yellow, $FeCl_2$ colored dark olive, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ colored brown and/or orange. The dyed Hanji with hot-water extractive had the highest K/S value and ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution extractives were followed. The K/S value of dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ was higher than that of $FeCl_2$ and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$. The dyeing effectiveness of after-mordanting method was superior to the others but sim-mordanting method was the worst.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

TIM barrel domain is widely studied since it is one of most common structure and mediates diverse function maintaining overall structure. TIM barrel domain's function is determined by local structural environment at the C-terminal end of barrel structure. We classified TIM barrel domains by local structural alignment tool, LSHEBA, to understand characteristics of TIM barrel domain's functionalvariation. TIM barrel domains classified as the same cluster share common structure, function and ligands. Over 80% of TIM barrels in clusters share exactly the same catalytic function. Comparing clustering result with that of SCOP, we found that it's important to know local structural environment of TIM barrel domains rather than overallstructure to understand specific structural detail of TIM barrel function. Non TIM barrel domains were associated to make different domain combination to form a different function. The relationship between domain combination, we suggested expected evolutional history. We finally analyzed the characteristics of amino acids around ligand interface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.884-886
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• 2003

인간 지놈 프로젝트가 완료된 이후로 여러 지놈 프로젝트가 수행되었으며 이로 인해 데이터베이스에 수록되는 서열수가 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 단순한 서열 분석뿐만 아니라 이미 밟혀진 단백질 정보를 이용하여 새로운 단백질의 기능을 예측하는 연구가 보다 활발히 진행되고 있다. 단백질 기능은 단백질의 삼차구조에 의해 결정된다. 따라서 단백질의 서열을 분석하여 삼차구조를 알아내고 어떤 분류에 속하는지 알아낸다면 단백질의 기능을 예측할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 단백질 서열 정렬을 통하여 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 단백질 구조 정보를 추출하는 기법에 대하여 기술한다. 개발된 단백질 구조 추출 기법은 Pfam 데이터베이스에서 제공하는 단백질 서열의 샘플링 결과를 기반으로 서열 정렬을 수행퇴고, 선정뭔 서열을 대상으로 SCOP 데이터베이스에서 단백질 구조 분류정보(family 및 fold)를 추출함으로써 구조 분류정보 추출 과정의 성능을 향상시키고자 한다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 1998

Environmental concerns arising from synthetic herbicides in plant management systems have led to an interest in plant-derived compounds as natural herbicides. Inhibitory effects of compounds extracted with 50% methanol from corn (Zea mays L.) and pine (Pinus densiflora L.) were evaluated on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), annual bluegrass Poa annua L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) The aqueous extracts inhibited seed germination and had postemergence activity on the four species. The stability of biological activity of corn grain, stover, and root extracts was not affected by heating to $135^{\circ}C$ or freezing/thawing treatments when applied at levels above 0.25kg m(sup)-2 based on dry weights of powders before extraction. Heating reduced the activity of pine litter and bark extracts at all levels except the highest application level but had little effect on pine needle extracts.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1997

Phytotoxicity of the culture filtrate and culture conditions for the production of the phytotoxin by Exserohilum monoceras 92-044 were examined. The necrotic lesions were developed on the leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli within 48 hrs after inoculation of the culture filtrate, and the leaves were completely blighted within 5∼7 days. Maximum toxicity was found in the culture broth containing 20% V-8 juice. Phytotoxin accumulation and fungal growth reached their highest peak at around 11 days. Typical symptom appeared on the leaf of E. crus-galli within 48 hrs. Only a weak chlorosis appeared on rice, Arundinella hirta (THUNB) and henry crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis SCOP.), but no further symptom developed.