• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 2007

Purpose : Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common and benign congenital disorder of the musculoskeletal system in neonates and infants. The pathophysiology is that the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is shortened on the involved side by fibrosis, leading to ipsilateral tilt and contralateral rotation of the face and chin. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of CMT, the role of ultrasonography (USG) in prediction of prognoses and the clinical significance of early detection and treatment. Methods : Forty seven patients (M:F=31:16) were diagnosed as a CMT between March 2003 and May 2006. We reviewed age at diagnosis, physical findings, USG findings, treatment and therapeutic outcome from their medical records. Results : The median age at diagnosis was 90 days (18 days-9 years, 7 months) and the right side of neck was affected in more patients (right : left=26:21). Of 24 patients with a palpable neck mass, 21 had USG; 19 cases showed sternocleidomastoid tumor (SMT). In cases with no neck mass, USG was performed in 11 patients; seven had postural torticollis (POST), three had SMT and one had muscular torticollis (MT). Among 40 patients with follow-up, 36 had total resolution. There was negative correlation between the age at diagnosis and the recovery time, whereas the final outcome was not correlated with USG findings. However, the patients without positive findings in USG had earlier resolution (1 month vs 2.6 months, P=0.0008). The patients with SMT had earlier diagnosis and excellent outcomes. The patients with MT were delayed to diagnosis and had the longest time to resolve. Lastly, the patients with POST had delayed diagnoses, but they had excellent outcomes. Conclusion : Since the patients with delayed diagnoses, in despite of benign courses, may take a long time to resolve and rarely need surgical treatment, it is important to diagnose and treat early. This study showed that USG findings of the SCM may be used as predictive factors.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.350-364
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

VTON (Virtual try-on) is a key technology that can activate the online commerce of fashion items. However, the early 3D graphics-based methods require the 3D information of the clothing or the human body, which is difficult to secure realistically. In order to overcome this problem, Image-based deep-learning algorithms such as VITON (Virtual image try-on) and CP-VTON (Characteristic preserving-virtual try-on) has been published, but only a sampled results on performance is presented. In order to examine the strength and weakness for their commercialization, the performance analysis is needed according to the complexity of the clothes, the object posture and body shape, and the degree of occlusion of the clothes. In this paper, IoU and SSIM were evaluated for the performance of transformation and synthesis stages, together with non-DL SCM based method. As a result, CP-VTON shows the best performance, but its performance varies significantly according to posture and complexity of clothes. The reasons for this were attributed to the limitations of secondary geometric deformation and the limitations of the synthesis technology through GAN.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2007

1. Objectives The Face is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Contitutions. Now We are developing 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus to analyse the facial characteristics. This apparatus show us 3D image of man's face and measure facial figure. We should examine accuracy of position recognition in 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA). 2. Methods We took a photograph of Face status with Land Mark by using 3D-AFRA. And We scanned Face status by using laser scanner(vivid 700). We analysed error average of distance between Facial Definition Points. We compare the average between using 3D-AFRA and using laser scanner. So We examined the accuracy of position recognition in 3D-AFRA at indirectly. 3. Results and Conclusions The error average of distance between Right Pupil and The Other Facial Definition Points is 0.5140mm and the error average of distance between Left Pupil and The Other Facial Definition Points is 0.5949mm in frontal image of face. The error average of distance between Left Pupil and The Other Facial Definition Points is 0.5308mm and the error average of distance between Left Tragion and The Other Facial Definition Points is 0.6529mm in laterall image of face. In conclusion, We assessed that accuracy of position recognition in 3D-AFRA is considerably good.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.148-159
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and Intima-media thickness(IMT) of common carotid artery with Sasang constitution. 2. Methods 197 subjects who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 31, 2006 at East-west health examination center of Kyung-Hee medical center were included and underwent B-mode ultrasonography for measurement of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries. MetS was defined by the criteria of the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. 3. Results and Conclusions Mean intima-media thickness of common carotid artery was significantly higher in subjects with MetS compared with control subjects($0.070{\pm}0.017$ vs $0.063{\pm}0.014cm$) and a significant trend towards increased IMT was observed with increasing numbers of metabolic syndrome components(r=0.331, p=0.000). After adjustment for age and sex, IMT of common carotid arteries was significantly different among three constitutional groups (Soyangin:$0.065{\pm}0.015cm$, Taeumin:$0.068{\pm}0.016cm$, Soeumin:$0.056{\pm}0.010cm$), however, after adjustment for age, sex and existence of metabolic syndrome, there was no significant different. But, factor of Taeumin was the effective determinant of the increase of mean IMT of common carotid arteries.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.132-138
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This case study reports a Taeumin patient with Gastro-esophageal reflux disease who had suffered from chest pain, heartburn, acid regurgitation and dyspepsia who improved after Yeoldahanso-tang(Reduohanshao-tang) medication. 2. Methods: This patient had started treatment with Yeoldahanso-tang(Reduohanshao-tang), three times per day for three months and assessed the changes of the main symptoms such as chest pain, heartburn and acid regurgitation from baseline to post-treatment using a questionnaire with visual analogue scale(VAS). Electrogastrography(EGG) was also performed for assessment of gastric function from baseline to post-treatment. 3. Results: After the treatment, symptoms of GERD such as chest pain, heartburn, and acid regurgitation are almost disappeared. The patient don't need to take the proton pump inhibitor therapy. There was significant increase of % bradygastria parameters in fed EEG after treatment with Yeoldahansotang(Reduohanshao-tang). And significant increase of the power ratio after treatment was shown (20.5), compared with initial EGG(0.0). 4. Conclusions: This results show Yeoldahanso-tang(Reduohanshao-tang) can be used to treat GERD with Dry-heat symptom of Taeumin. This results suggest that Sasang Constitutional treatment for GERD patients who has a chronic condition with highly recurrence rate, might be a candidate for a therapeutic agent. Also effects of Yeoldahanso-tang(Reduohanshaotang) on GERD need further studies such as clinical trials.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2009

Objectives: Pulse energy values recorded with an add-pres sure-type pulse apparatus were correlated with Sasang constitutional syndromes in order to match pulse energy values with Sasang prescriptions. Methods: The pulse energy values were measured with Daeyo Pulse Apparatus at the Gwan pulse point of both wrists. Prescriptions were divided into two major categories of interior syndromes or exterior syndromes, and categorized according to major component herbs specific to each of the four Sasang constitutions, and the relationship between the pulse energy and each groups divided by their prescription was studied. Results: About 10% of all people had nonmal pulse energy values. 10% had values over normal range, and $70\sim80%$ had lower values than normal. The normal range of pulse energy was regarded as being between 450 and 700. Conclusions: 1. For patients of the Soeum constitution, prescriptions without Panax ginseng is suitable for patients with high pulse energy, and prescriptions containing Panax ginseng are suitable for patients who have lower pulse energy. 2. All prescriptions for the Soyang constitution containing Rehmannia radix preparata or Comus officinalis are suitable for patients who have lower pulse energy, and prescriptions containing Rehmannia radix or Gypsum fibrosum are applicable to patients with pulse energy values higher than normal. 3. Most prescriptions for the Taeum constitution containing Semen coicis or Semen castaneae are suitable for patients with lower pulse energy, and prescriptions containing Radix puerariae or Radix et rhizoma rhei can be prescribed for patients who have lower pulse energy levels. 4. The Taeyang constitutional prescription Ogapijangcuck-tang is suitable for patients who have higher pulse energy levels and Mihudeungsikjang-tang is better for patients with lower than normal pulse values. As described above, the pulse energy level of each patient can be matched with a specific Sasang constitutional prescription. If this relationship is taken into consideration with other conventional symptoms, it can be helpful in diagnosis, improving efficacy of treatment, and be used as objective evidence.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

The present study was carried out to produce in vitro fertilized embryos with immature follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows. A simple aspiration apparatus consists of two stainless steel tubes, an inner tube (needle holder; 1.2cmdiameter, 55cm long) and an outer tube (1.5cm diameter, 4Scm long), and a hand-operated vacuum pump was used. Under epidural anesthesia, the needle guide was passed into the vagina of the cow to a point next to the cervix. An ovary was placed against the wall of the vagina over the end of the aspiration needle by rectal manipulation. As the needlepassed into the ovary, an assistant was asked to apply vacuum(l00mrnHg) and the ovary was manipulated back and forth in all directions over the needle. When all sites of the ovary was aspirated, the needle was withdrawn and the needle guide was moved to the other side of ovary and the procedure was repeated. When the oocyte aspiration procedure was finished, collected fluid was transported to laboratory. Oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. The results were as follows; Ninety seven oocytes were collected by transvaginal aspiration from seventeen Holstein cows(5.7 /head). The number of oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were 60(61.9%). Following in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, the cleavage and development rate to morula+blastocyst were 83.3% and 30.0%, respectively. From this study, transferable in vitro fertilized embryos could be produced with imma- ture follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows using a simple aspiration apparatus.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2008

This paper proposed several activation strategies at both the government and company parts for the development of domestic third party logistics(TPL) to pull electronic trade era much earlier. In the government side, it must need to arrange and integrate complex regulation rules on the Logistics for more smooth access and use the TPL market. Also, it has to provide multiple support policies such as tax reduction, technical and financial service providing, and logistics information system to TPL. Finally, it should construct the government levels education system to train and forster a competent man who is well qualified as a electronic and logiscic expert. The TPL company must build up a total logistics information system concerned with an innovative operation system such as SCM, JIT etc. which can provide logistic services on demand to the electronic trade customers to maximize consumer satisfaction. In the shipper company level, it try to join a long-term strategic alliance with TPL to reduce logistic cost and increase logistic service to its electronic trade consumers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

Purpose: The growth of online commerce is now becoming a major threat and a new opportunity for retailers. Existing offline retailers struggle to cope with new online retailers' threats by utilizing offline infrastructure. Besides, online retailers expand their online strengths to offline sales by opening their offline stores. Many retailers are paying close attention to the O2O business and the resulting changes. Thus, this research focuses on the O2O business model and process that retailers can adopt. Research design, data and methodology: Considering the features of products that retailers sell, this paper divides O2O business process with the following criteria: delivery lead-time and delivery area. And This research uses the business model canvas to define the features of O2O commerce business process. This paper also uses nine key elements in the business model canvas for analyzing the structure of O2O commerce business. Results: This paper suggests the delivery model of retailers respond to offline customer orders and summarizes the following results. (1) Considering characteristics such as logistics process, delivery area, and product type, we define the features of O2O business models: wide-area (warehouse) based O2O business model, regional area (store) based O2O business model and time-separated O2O business model. (2) This study checks the availability of the business model through the business cases of O2O business models. (3) This study also analyzes the O2O business model of domestic retail companies by the factors defined in the business model canvas. Conclusions: Retailers can adopt the O2O business process to fit their business requirements and strategy. The online retailers who deal with normal consumer products mainly have the wide-area based O2O business model. The wide-area based O2O business model can be suitable for retailers who manage inventory centrally. The time-separated O2O business model can be a good solution for fresh food retailers to operate the logistics process efficiently. And to shorten the delivery lead-time of fresh foods, the regional area based O2O business model can be fit to the retailer that utilizes its offline logistics or sales infrastructure. It may be much more important for retailers to share the inventory information with other branches and to change the role of offline stores.