• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.460-466
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• 2020

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) osteomyelitis is a rare pathology requiring urgent intervention. Several operative approaches have been described with conflicting reports. Here, we present a multi-institutional study utilizing multiple surgical pathways for SCJ reconstruction. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients who underwent surgical repair for sternoclavicular osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2019. Patients were stratified according to reconstruction approach: single-stage reconstruction with advancement flap and delayed-reconstruction with flap following initial debridement. Demographics, operative approach, type of reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were identified. Mean patient age was 56.2±13.8 years and 68.8% were male. The average body mass index (BMI) was 30.0±8.8 kg/㎡. The most common infection etiologies were intravenous drug use and bacteremia (both 25%). Fourteen patients (43.8%) underwent one-stage reconstruction and 18 (56.2%) underwent delayed two-staged reconstruction. Both single and delayed-stage groups had comparable rates of reinfection (7.1% vs. 11.1%, respectively), surgical site complications (21.4% vs. 27.8%), readmissions (7.1% vs. 16.6%), and reoperations (7.1% vs. 5.6%; all P>0.05). The single-stage reconstruction group had a significantly lower BMI (26.2±5.7 kg/㎡ vs. 32.9±9.1 kg/㎡; P<0.05) and trended towards shorter hospital length of stay (11.3 days vs. 17.9 days; P=0.01). Conclusions Both single and delayed-stage approaches are appropriate methods with comparable outcomes for reconstruction for SCJ osteomyelitis. When clinically indicated, a single-stage reconstruction approach may be preferable in order to avoid a second operation as associated with the delayed phase, and possibly shortening total hospital length of stay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a milling by-product diet and two sugar cane diets on the local Creole pig breed (CR). A total of 48 CR pigs (24 females and 24 castrated males) were randomly assigned to four different groups of 12 animals. Pigs were allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments: fed with a control soya-bean meal-corn diet containing 19.1% crude protein (CP) and 15.4 MJ DE/kg (diet 1), with an experimental milling by-product diet (soya-bean meal and wheat by-products) containing 19.4% CP and 13.0 MJ DE/kg (diet 2), with ground cane stalks (GCS) or with fresh sugar cane juice (SCJ). Both GCS and SCJ were supplemented with soya-bean meal complement (400 g/d of a 48.7% CP and 16.1 MJ DE/kg diet) in order to obtain diets 3 and 4, respectively. Pigs were fed close to ad libitum level and had free access to water. All the pigs were slaughtered at 65 kg BW. Between 30 and 65 kg BW, growth performance was significantly (p<0.001) affected by dietary treatments: average daily BW gain was 657, 530, 546 and 200 g/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 and 1.4 kg/d for diets 1, 2, 4, and 3, respectively. Fat cuts (backfat+leaf fat) and backfat thickness were significantly lower on diet 3 than for other treatments (127 vs. 192, 166 g/kg of left half-carcass weight and 24.6 vs. 39.0, 35.3 mm for diet 3 vs. diets 1 and 4, and diet 2, respectively; p<0.001). The dressing weight was significantly lower on diets 2 (82.7 vs. 84.0%; p<0.001). The entire empty digestive tract (DT) weight was higher on diet 2 (73.1 vs. 66.7 g/kg empty BW). However, stomach and large intestine were more developed on diet 3: 12.8 vs. 9.3 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.001) and 26.4 vs. 23.8 g/100 g empty DT (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests the CR pig has the ability to reach rather good growth and carcass performance with a well-formulated sugar cane meal and/or with a milling by-product diet refined according to its low requirements.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.696-701
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• 1996

For effective utilization of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) cooking juice (SCJ), the SCJ was hydrolyzed with 0.5% neutrase at $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, and the degree of hydrolysis was estimated to be 66.0% at this reaction condition. The hydrolysate was treated with charcoal and filtered under reduced pressure. The extract powder was prepared from the filtrate in a spray-dryer. The major free amino acids of the extract Powder were taurine (526.3 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (375.8 mg/100 g), phenylalanine (315.9 mg/100 g), and alanine (283.6 mg/100 g), and their content accounted for 55.4% of the total free amino acids (2,711.5 mg/100 g). Among the nucleotides and their related compounds, inosine was the major component with 76.29 mole/g. The content of betaine-N, total ceatinine-N, TMAO-N, and TMA-N were 72.2, 51.2, 10.3, and 6.9 mg/100 g, respectively. From the omission test, it was concluded that the major taste compounds of the extract powder were believed to be free amino acids such as glutamic acid and alanine. Organic acids and nucleotides and their related compounds acted an auxiliary role in the taste of the extract powder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.192-193
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• 2003

YIG 에피택시박막은 다른 강자성, 페리자성재료에 비해 수 GHz의 영역에서 매우 우수한 특성을 나타내고 있다. YIG 에피택시 박막은 고상에피택시 방법으로 제조할 경우 매우 편리하게 제조할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 이 방법은 상온에서 Y-Fe-O 박막을 GGG(111)기판에 스파터한 뒤 공기 중에서 열처리하면 간편하게 얻을 수 있다. 이 방법은 통상과 같이 고온에서 아주 느린 속도로 에피택시박막을 성장시키는 스파터방법에 비해 매우 간편하고 경제적인 것으로, 본 연구에서는 보통의 분말소결공정으로 제작된 2.5인치 YIG 타겟을 사용하여 두께 2.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 비정질 Fe-Y-O 박막을 만든 뒤 550 - 1050 $^{\circ}C$의 공기 중에서 열처리하였다. 비정질 박막을 $600^{\circ}C$이하에서 10 시간동안 열처리하였을 경우 매우 약한 YIG상의 회절선만 관찰할 수 있었다. 반면에 온도를 $650^{\circ}C$로 올리면 매우 강한 (444) 또는 (888)회절선과 매우 약한 다른 회절선을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이 시편의 경우 (888)회절선의 강도는 GGG기판의 (888)회절선의 강도와 비교할 정도로 매우 강하여 에피택시성장이 매우 잘 이루어질 수 있다는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 YIG(888) 회절선의 록킹곡선의 반가폭이 0.14$^{\circ}$ 이었고, 이것은 에피택시성장이 매우 잘 이루어지고 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 열처리 온도가 감소함에 따라 YIG박막의 격자상수는 감소하였으며 YIG(888)회절선의 강도는 그림 1과 같이 넓어지고 그 강도는 약해진다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.499-503
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• 2015

Objective : The transradial catheterization (TRC) is becoming widespread, primarily for neurointerventions. Therefore, the evaluation of radial artery puncture in clinical practice and a better understanding of the anatomy are important to improve the safety of neuroendovascular surgery. Methods : Ten formalin-fixed adult Korean cadavers were dissected to expose radial artery (RA), brachial artery (BrA) and subclvian artery (ScA), bilaterally. Vessel lengths and diameters were meaured using a caliper and distance between the specific point of vessels and the anatomical landmarks including the radial styloid process, the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the sternoclavicular joint, and the vertebral artery orifice were also measured. Results : The average length between the radial (RAPS) and the BrA puncture sites (BrAPS) and between the vertebral artery orifice (VAO) and the BrA bifurcation (BrAB) did not differ between sides (p>0.05). The average length between the radial styloid process (RSP) and the RAPS was $13.41{\pm}2.19mm$, and the RSP was $26.85{\pm}2.47mm$ from the median nerve (MN). The mean length between the medial epicondyle (ME) and the BrAPS as $44.23{\pm}5.47mm$, whereas the distance between the ME and the MN was $42.23{\pm}4.77mm$. The average VAO-ScA angle was $70.94{\pm}6.12^{\circ}$, and the length between the ScA junction (SCJ) and the VAO was $60.30{\pm}8.48mm$. Conclusion : This study provides basic anatomical information about the radial artery and the brachial route and can help improving new techniques, selection of size and shape of catheters for TRC. This can help neurointerventionists who adopt a transradial neuroendovascular approach and offers comprehensive and safe care to their patients.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.29-50
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• 2013

With the recent global threats of terrorism as well as religious conflicts, Northeast Asian countries including South Korea, China, and Japan are experiencing particularly serious security crises as demonstrated by North Korea's threats of nuclear weapons testings and long-range missile launching as well as military provocation toward South Korea such as sinking of ROKS Cheonan and bombardment of Yeonpyeong island and the territorial dispute between China and Japan over Senkaku Islands(Diaoyu Islands). As a result, Park Geun Hye Administration of South Korea and the 2nd Abe Shinzo Cabinet of Japan, both recently established, are making efforts to improve their national security and crisis management policies. One of the key elements of such efforts is the strengthening of National Security Council(NSC) or its equivalent organization as the control tower of national security policy, modeled after the NSC of the United States. This paper compares NSC organization of Korea, the U.S., and Japan and draws policy insights focusing on the current political and national security situation South Korea is facing. Although organizational structure, function, and history of NSC of each country differs, it can be inferred from this comparison that NSC-type of organizations can play an important role as a control tower of security and emergency management policies.