• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the effects of local vibration on ankle plantarflexion spasticity and clonus in patients with spinal cord injury. METHODS: The subjects were 14 inpatients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) whose scores were higher than 1 on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS) scale of paraplegia. A randomized single-blind cross-over design was used. Vibration treatment involved a single application of vibration for 10 min in the sitting position, and placebo treatment involved the patient remaining in the sitting position for 10 min. One day after treatment, vibration and placebo treatments were crossed over. Spasticity was measured by using the MAS, and resistance force, by using a hand-held dynamometer; clonus was gauged by using the SCATS scale and clonus burst duration. Additionally, the burst maximal frequency and voluntary ankle dorsiflexion angle of the triceps surae were measured. RESULTS: The application of vibration treatment in the sitting position significantly reduced the MAS scores and resistance force, but significantly increased the dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint (p<0.05). Furthermore, the vibration treatment diminished the clonus burst duration and SCATS score significantly (p<0.05). Although it reduced the burst maximal frequency of the lateral gastrocnemius and medial soleus, this was significant only for the lateral gastrocnemius. The placebo treatment did not significantly affect any of the test parameters. CONCLUSION: Vibration treatment in the sitting position was effective in cases of spasticity and clonus caused by SCI.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2013

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition associated with social and familial burden, as well as significant neurologic deficit. Despite the many advances in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a fundamental treatment for neurologic functional recovery has not yet been developed. In this article, we review two directions of development for spinal cord injury treatment: neuroprotective pharmacological agents and axon-regenerating cell therapy. We expect developments in these two to lead to improve functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries and to reduce burdens on society, as well as the patients' families.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1996

The purpose of this case study was to introduce functional electrical stimulation(FES) for paraplegic patients. FES provides the ability to rise from sitting to standing, maintenance of a standing position, and the ability to walk with a reciprocal gait. Six channels of electrical stimulation are sufficient for synthesis of a simple reciprocal gait pattern in these patients. During the double-stance phase, knee extensor muscles of both knees are stimulated, providing sufficient support for the body. Only one knee extensor muscle group is excited during the single-stance phase. The swing phase of the contralateral lower extremity is accomplished by eliciting the synergic flexor muscle response through electrical stimulation of afferent nerves. The transition from the double-stance phase to the swing phase is controlled by two hand switches used by the therapist or built into the handles of the walking frame for using by the patient. A twenty-five years old male was with a T9/T9 spinal cord injury due to a traffic accident and admitted to Yonsei Rehabilitation Hospital for comprehensive treatment. After 30 days of training using the Parastep(R) he was able to stand for 10 minutes. After 43 days, he was able to walk and at discharged he could walk for 100 meters.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients and the relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency. The subjects were 168 dialysis patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 1 university hospital, 1 hospital, 1 hemodialysis center in Seoul, 1 hospital in Incheon, Korea. The data were collected with two interview questionnaires which were Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) and Self-as-Carer Inventory (SCI). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation with SPSSWIN program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The mean scores of learned were 45.93(range 20-80). The mean learned helplessness scores of peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis (HD) patient were not different significantly. However by the aging process, the mean scores of learned helplessness has a tendency to get higher and who had a job were likely to low score of learned helplessness. 2) The mean scores of self-care agency were 142.48 (range 33-198). The mean self-care agency scores of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient much higher than the score of it with hemodialysis. The score of self-care agency were significantly different between peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis patient. The patients who have job were likely to be higher score of self-care agency than other groups. 3) There was significant relationship between the score of learned helplessness and self-care agency. In conclusion, there was an inverse relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients. Considering this, the high level of learned helplessness of dialysis patients should be intervened by nurse with a well developed edicational program or cognitive behavioral therapy.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2020

Scientific research is mostly published in English, regardless of the researcher's nationality. However, this growing practice impairs or hinders the comprehension of professionals who depend on the results of these studies to provide adequate care for their patients. We suggest that machine translation (MT) can be used as a way of providing useful translation for biomedical articles, even though the translation itself may not be fluent. To tackle possible mistranslation that can harm a patient, we resort to crowd-sourced validation of translations. We developed a prototype of MT validation and edition, where users can vote for that translation as valid, or suggest modifications (i.e., post-editing the MT). A glossary match system is also included, aiming at terminology consistency.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2017

Objectives: Medicinal plants are vital sources of bioactive compounds that are useful for the treatment of patients with snake bites or are indirectly applicable for boosting the effects of conventional serum therapy. These plants are being used traditionally by local healers and tribes for the treatment of patients with snake bites and therefore can be used as an alternative against snake envenomation. Scientifically, using the secondary metabolites of plants to neutralize venom enzymes has an extra benefit of being based on traditional knowledge; also, the use of such metabolites for the treatment of patients with snake bites is cheaper and the treatment can be started sooner. Methods: All the available information on various secondary metabolites exhibiting venom neutralizing ability were collected via electronic search (using Google books, Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and articles of peer-reviewed journals. Results:Recent interest in different plant has focused on isolating and identifying of different phytoconstituents that exhibit Phospholipase A2 activity and other venom enzyme neutralizing ability. In this support convincing evidence in experimental animal models are available. Conclusion: Secondary metabolites are naturally present, have no side effect, are stable for a long time, can be easily stored, and can neutralize a wide range of snake enzymes, such as phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, protease, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'nucleotidase, etc. The current review presents a compilation of important plant secondary metabolites that are effective against snake venom due to enzyme neutralization.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1500-1503
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• 2003

One of the main goals in the rehabilitation of SCI patients is to enable the patient to stand and walk themselves. We are developing high-thrust powered gait orthosis(PGO) that use air muscle actuator(shadow robot Co., UK) to be assisted gait and rehabilitation purposes of them. We made of PD controller and measured hip joint angle by its load and the pressure to control air muscle of PGO. As a results, maximum flexion angle of hip joint is $20^{\circ}$, and angular velocity is 30.4${\pm}2.5^{\circ}/sec$, and then delay time of system was average 0.62${\pm}$0.03s. As the hip flexion angle and the pelvic angle is decreased during the gait with PGO, the patient can walk faster. By using the PGO, the energy consumption can also be decreased. therefore, the proposed PGO can be a very useful assitive device for the paraplegics to walk.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2017

Wearable robots are receiving great attention from the public, as well as researchers, because its motivation is to improve the quality of lives of people. Above all, complete paraplegic patients due to spinal cord injury (SCI) might be the most adequate target users of the wearable robots, because they definitely need physical assistance due to the complete loss of muscular strength and sensory functions. Furthermore, the medical care of complete paraplegics by using the wearable robots have significantly reduced the mortality rate and improved the life expectancy. The requirements of the wearable robot for complete paraplegics are actuation torque, locomotion speed, wearing sensation, robust gait stability, safety, and practicality (i.e., size, volume, weight, and energy efficiency). A WalkON Suit is the wearable robot that has satisfied the requirements of the wearable robot for complete paraplegics and participated in the powered exoskeleton race of Cybathlon 2016. In this paper, configuration of the WalkON Suit, human-machine interface, gait pattern, control algorithm, and evaluation results are introduced.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.933-938
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose the organization of a sensor system and user's intent detection algorithm for walking assist rehabilitation robots. The main purpose of walking assist rehabilitation robots is assisting SCI patients to walk in normal environment. To use walking assist rehabilitation robot in normal environment, it is needed to consider various factors about user's safety and detection of user's intent and so on. For these purposes, we have analyzed the use case of rehabilitation robots and organized the system of sensors for walking assist rehabilitation robots and finally, we have developed the algorithm which is used to detect user's intent for those. We applied our proposal method in the rehabilitation robot, ROBIN, and verified their effectiveness by normal, not patient.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.924-944
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• 2017

Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) helps the patients to gain the health monitoring information at home and access medical services over the mobile Internet. In 2015, Das et al proposed a secure and robust user AKA scheme for hierarchical multi-medical server environment in TMIS, referred to as DAKA protocol, and claimed that their protocol is against all possible attacks. In this paper, we first analyze and show DAKA protocol is vulnerable to internal attacks, impersonation attacks and stolen smart card attack. Furthermore, DAKA protocol also cannot provide confidentiality. We then propose a lightweight pseudonym AKA protocol for multi-medical server architecture in TMIS (short for PAKA). Our PAKA protocol not only keeps good security features declared by DAKA protocol, but also truly provides patient's anonymity by using pseudonym to protect sensitive information from illegal interception. Besides, our PAKA protocol can realize authentication and key agreement with energy-saving, extremely low computation cost, communication cost and fewer storage resources in smart card, medical servers and physical servers. What's more, the PAKA protocol is proved secure against known possible attacks by using Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic. As a result, these features make PAKA protocol is very suitable for computation-limited mobile device.