• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.237-241
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• 2013

To evaluate the effects of anthocyanin-fortified barley (AFB) and whole crop barley (WCB) addition to diets, 200 Brown Nick hens were assigned to 5 treatments with 5 replicates for 8 weeks. All the treated groups differed in feed intake, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass compared to those of a control group. As the intake of barley was increased, feed intake, egg production, and egg mass decreased. In terms of egg quality, the yolk color (YC), the egg shell breaking strength (SBS), and the egg shell color (SC) differed up to 6 weeks of growth. Feeding the WCB and AFB to laying hens up to 8 weeks had a positive influence on albumin height (AH) and the haugh unit (HU). Up to 6 weeks of growth, increasing the amount of barley in the diets of the laying hens had a positive effect on the SC and the YC but had no effect on the SBS. Diets including 20% AFB and WCB increased the AH and HU to 9.10 and 94.53, respectively. The results suggest that the addition of AFB and WCB up to 10% to the diets of laying hens could improve the laying performance and the egg quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate potential applications of the extract of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii $N_{AKAI}$ nut as a functional food ingredient. The pH and $^{\circ}Brix$ of nut were 6.43 and 3.17, respectively. L, a and b values as Hunter's color were 83.07, 1.49 and 10.48, respectively. Total content of monosaccharide was 54.26 mg% and organic acids were composed of oxalic acid 495.37 mg%, formic acid 200.03 mg%, malic acid 93.65 mg%, citric acid 27.80 mg%, and succinic acid 16.61 mg%. Total phenolic contents in various solvent extracts were as follows: water 27.69 mg%, 75% ethanol 16.50 mg%, ethyl acetate 16.50 mg%, and methanol 10.30 mg%. The antioxidant activity ($SC_{50},\;{\mu}g/mL$) of the nut extracts by various solvents was in the order of ethyl acetate 74.88 > methanol 155.00 > n-hexane 213.33 > ethanol 249.33 > butanol 274.78 > chloroform 314.67 > 75% ethanol 848.33 > water extracts 869.67. The results indicated that the extract of C. cuspidata nut contained a potential food ingredient.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.865-872
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• 2024

Loperamide-induced constipation reduced gastric emptying, small-intestinal and colonic motility, and these effects were prevented by Fruit and vegetable complex extracts(FVCE). In this study, the effects of FVCE on constipated male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by loperamide(3 mg/kg, s.c.,14 days) were investigated. Rats were randomly assigned to the normal control rats(regular diet), constipated rats(regular diet plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 200 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide), constipated rats treated with 400 mg FVCE(regular diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg/day FVCE plus loperamide). There was less fecal excretion and lower fecal water content in loperamide-treated rats than in control rats. Oral administration of FVCE blocked the decrease of fecal excretion and fecal water content in the loperamide-treated rats. Mucus production of crypt cell and mucus contents at fecal and mucosa surface were reduced by loperamide-treated rat. But colonic crypt cell contained increased mucin in the FVCE treated group and mucus layer stained with alcian blue was significantly thicker in FVCE treated rats compared with in loperamide-treated rats. In isolated rat ileum, loperamide produced inhibition of ileal motility. Pretreatment with water extracts of FVCE in isolated rat ileum prevented inhibition by loperamide. These findings indicated that the FVCE was effective for alleviation of inhibition of colonic peristalsis by loperamide and that FVCE might be of value in the prevention of constipation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

This work proposes on-chip full CMOS current and voltage references for high-speed mixed-mode circuits. The proposed current reference circuit uses a digital-domain calibration method instead of a conventional analog calibration to obtain accurate current values. The proposed voltage reference employs internal reference voltage drivers to minimize the high-frequency noise from the output stages of high-speed mixed-mode circuits. The reference voltage drivers adopt low power op amps and small- sized on-chip capacitors for low power consumption and small chip area. The proposed references are designed, laid out, and fabricated in a 0.18 um n-well CMOS process and the active chip area is 250 um x 200 um. The measured results show the reference circuits have the power supply variation of 2.59 %/V and the temperature coefficient of 48 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ E.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.483-487
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• 2010

To fabricate $TiO_2$ nanoparticle-based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) at a low-temperature, DSSCs were fabricated using hydropolymer and ZnO nanoparticles composites for the electron transport layer around a low-temperature ($200^{\circ}C$). ZnO nanoparticle with 20 nm and 60 nm diameter were used and Pt was deposited as a counter electrode on ITO/glass using an RF magnetron sputtering. We investigate the effect of ZnO nanoparticle concentration in hydropolymer and ZnO nanoparticle solution on the photoconversion performance of the low temperature fabricated ($200^{\circ}C$) DSSCs. Using cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,20 bipyridy1-4,40 dicarboxylato) ruthenium (II) bis-tetrabutylammonium (N719) dye as a sensitizer, the corresponding device performance and photo-physical characteristics are investigated through conventional physical characterization techniques. The effect of thickness of the ZnO photoelectrode and the morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles with the variations of hydropolymer to ZnO ratio on the photoconversion performance are also investigated. The morphology of the ZnO layer after sintering was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 60 nm ZnO nanoparticle DSSCs showed an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) value of about 7% higher than that of 20 nm ZnO nanoparticle DSSCs. The maximum parameters of the short circuit current density ($J_{sc}$), the open circuit potential ($V_{oc}$), fill factor (ff), and efficiency ($\eta$) in the 60 nm ZnO nanoparticle-based DSSC devices were 4.93 mA/$cm^2$, 0.56V, 0.40, and 1.12%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.257-257
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• 2010

최근 저항 변화 메모리는 종래의 비휘발성 기억소자인 Flash memory보다 access time(writing)이 105배 이상 빠르고, DRAM과 같이 2~5 V 이하의 낮은 전압 특성 및 간단한 제조 공정 등으로 차세대 비휘발성 메모리 소자로 주목 받고 있지만, 여전히 소자의 Endurance 및 Retention 특성 등의 신뢰성 문제를 해결해야 할 과제로 안고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 페로브스카이트계 산화물 또는 이원 산화물 등의 다양한 저항 변화 물질에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 현재 주로 연구되고 있는 금속 산화물계 물질들은 그 제조 공정상 산소에 의한 다수의 산소 디펙트 형성과 제작 시 쉽게 발생할 수 있는 표면 오염의 문제점을 안고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 금속 산화물계 박막의 제조 공정에서 발생하는 문제점을 해결하기 위해 질화물계 박막을 저항변화 물질로 도입함으로써, 기존의 저항 변화 물질의 장점인 간단한 공정 및 저전압/고속 동작 특성을 동일하게 유지 할 뿐 아니라, 그 제조 공정상 발생하는 다수의 산소 디펙트와 표면 오염의 문제를 해결함으로써, 보다 고효율을 가지며 재현성이 우수한 메모리 소자를 구현 하고자 한다 [1, 2]. 본 연구를 위해 Pt/AlN/Pt 구조의 Metal/Insulator/Metal(MIM) 저항 변화 메모리를 제작 하였다. 최적의 저항 변화 특성 조건을 확인하기 위해 70~200nm까지 두께 구분과 N2 가스 분위기의 열처리 온도를 $200{\sim}600^{\circ}C$까지 진행 하였다. 본 소자의 저항 변화 특성 실험은 Keithley 4200-SCS을 이용하여 진행 하였다. 실험 결과, AlN의 최적의 두께 및 열처리 온도 조건은 130nm/$500^{\circ}C$였으며, 안정적인 unipolar 저항 변화 특성을 확인 활 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated relationship of muscular activity in thigh muscle and knee joint angle from bicycle exercise. The EMG signals of 16 persons were measured from rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. The experiment was performed in 5 steps according to saddle distance and 60RPM/200W loads were applied for 1 minute at each step. EMG activation of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles and knee joint angle were recorded using surface EMG and motion analysis system, respectively. Experimental results of inter relationship between EMG activation of thigh muscles and knee joint angle showed high correlation from Step 1. The unified EMG activation of two muscles and knee joint angle showed negative correlation(-0.97).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

In this paper, a switch sizing method is proposed in order to prevent the cross-regulation in the TM type SIDO DC-DC buck converter. In TM type SIDO DC-DC buck converter, a DCM operation is required. In the DCM operation, the inductor peak current is larger than that in the CCM. Because of the larger inductor peak current and the added switch resistance, the voltage drop is increased, resulting in possible cross-regulation. To solve this problem, the switch resistance must be considered in sizing the switch. To simplify the calculation of the resistance, the inductor current was replaced by the average load current. Using the proposed method, TM type SIDO DC-DC buck converter for camera module was designed to provide two independent supply voltage(2.8 V and 1.8 V). The designed circuit was fabricated in a standard $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process. At a switching frequency of 1 MHz and a load current of 200 mA, a power effciency of 80.7% was achieved.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2001

The digital iron using ${\mu}$ processor is designed and compared experimentally with the conventional analog Iron. Designed digital iron shows two improved temperature control characteristics. First, the reduction of the difference error between the user setting temperature and the real temperature of the iron tip is examined. When the iron temperature is set to $200[^{\circ}C]$, $300[^{\circ}C]$, $400[^{\circ}C]$, $480[^{\circ}C]$ at the environmental temperatures of $-5[^{\circ}C]$ and $25[^{\circ}C]$, it is examined that the tip temperature is very stable and its error is within ${\pm}1.8[^{\circ}C]$. Second, it is conformed that the temperature fluctuation of the iron due to the soldering is reduced manifestly. When the temperature of iron tip is varied from $200[^{\circ}C]$ to $480[^{\circ}C]$ with 1[g] solder, the temperature errors of the analog iron are measured to be from $6[^{\circ}C]$ to $10[^{\circ}C]$. In case of designed digital iron, however, these errors are much smaller and they are from $2[^{\circ}C]$ to $5[^{\circ}C]$.

• Food Industry
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• s.172
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• pp.38-56
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• 2003

The volatile compounds of traditional Kyungsando squid sikhe were identified by GC-MS. the amount of-zingibirene among identified volatile compounds was 19.73 mg/kg. The major volatile compounds of sikhe was (Z)-Di-2-propenyl disulfide,-curcumene, methyl