• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.378-385
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• 2018

Background: BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations are frequently reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, very few studies have evaluated the role of these mutations in other renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. Therefore, we analyzed BAP1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in several RCC subtypes and assessed its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Methods: BAP1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in tissue microarray blocks constructed from 371 samples of RCC collected from two medical institutions. BAP1 expression was evaluated based on the extent of nuclear staining in tumor cells, and no expression or expression in <10% of tumor cells was defined as negative. Results: Loss of BAP1 expression was observed in ccRCC (56/300, 18.7%), chromophobe RCC (6/26, 23.1%), and clear cell papillary RCC (1/4, 25%), while we failed to detect BAP1 expression loss in papillary RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, or collecting duct carcinoma. In ccRCC, loss of BAP1 expression was significantly associated with high World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (p=.002); however, no significant correlation was observed between loss of BAP1 expression and survival in ccRCC. Loss of BAP1 expression showed no association with prognostic factors in chromophobe RCC. Conclusions: Loss of BAP1 nuclear expression was observed in both ccRCC and chromophobe RCC. In addition, BAP1 expression loss was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high WHO/ISUP grade in ccRCC.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.30.1-30.13
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• 2023

Ephs belong to the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinase and are highly conserved both sequentially and structurally. The structural organization of Eph is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases; constituting the extracellular ligand binding domain, a fibronectin domain followed by intracellular juxtamembrane kinase, and SAM domain. Eph binds to respective ephrin ligand, through the ligand binding domain and forms a tetrameric complex to activate the kinase domain. Eph-ephrin regulates many downstream pathways that lead to physiological events such as cell migration, proliferation, and growth. Therefore, considering the importance of Eph-ephrin class of protein in tumorigenesis, 7,620 clinically reported missense mutations belonging to the class of variables of unknown significance were retrieved from cBioPortal and evaluated for pathogenicity. Thirty-two mutations predicted to be pathogenic using SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, SNPs&GO, PMut, iSTABLE, and PremPS in-silico tools were found located either in critical functional regions or encompassing interactions at the binding interface of Eph-ephrin. However, seven were reported in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Considering the relevance of receptor tyrosine kinases and Eph in NSCLC, these seven mutations were assessed for change in the folding pattern using molecular dynamic simulation. Structural alterations, stability, flexibility, compactness, and solvent-exposed area was observed in EphA3 Trp790Cys, EphA7 Leu749Phe, EphB1 Gly685Cys, EphB4 Val748Ala, and Ephrin A2 Trp112Cys. Hence, it can be concluded that the evaluated mutations have potential to alter the folding pattern and thus can be further validated by in-vitro, structural and in-vivo studies for clinical management.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.704-709
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• 2006

The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1990

A nutrition survey of 198 children, 6 to 12 years old, in the Song Myeon Elementary School and Sam Song Elementary School, located in remote villages of Gaesan county, Chung Buk province, was undertaken between July 11 and 16, 1988, to investigate dietary and nutritional status. Mean values of height, weight, sitting height, arm circumference, girths of chest, and weight for height were 98%, 96%, 101%, 94%, 103% and 98%, respectively, of Korean standards. Compared with the standards for Korean children and values for Yun Jung Elementary School children of Youido, Seoul, anthropometric data of subjects surveyed showed slightly lower results than the standards and further lower results than those of Yun Jung Elementary School children. mean hematocrit value was 39.8±3.1%. 15.3% of subjects were proven to be anemic according to the hematocrit criterion established by the WHO. Mean urinary urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio was 7.9±3.3. Energy and nutrient intake were 61.2 to 134.4% of the RDA's; except for intake of ascorbic acid, most nutrients were below the RDA's. Carbohydrate provided 72% of total energy intake; protein accounted for 11%; fat provided 17%. Family environment, anthropometric data and results of biochemical tests were positively correlated with nutrient intake. The survey emphasizes the need for a nation wide school lunch program.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.823-828
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• 2000

The complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from Korean patient serum was determined and characterized, and its phylogenetic relation was then investigated. The viral genome was 3,215 base pairs long and included four well known open reading frames (i.e. surface antigens, core antigens, X protein and DNA polymerase). The sequence of the surface antigen showed that the HBV genome under investigation, designated HBV 315, was characteristic of subtype adr. A phylogenetic analysis using the total genome sequence revealed that HBV315 was grouped into genomic group C together with isolates from Japan, China, Thailand, Polynesia, and New Caledonia. The mean percent similarity between HBV315 and other HBV isolates in genomic group C was 97.25%, and that with other genomic groups ranged from 86.16% to 91.25%. The predicted amino acid sequences of HBV315 were compared with two closely related subtype adr isolates, M38636 and D12980. The results showed that the X gene product was identical in the three strains, while there were significant amino acid sequence differences between HBV315 and M38636 in the Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 regions.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2001

Ubiquitin can be covalently attached to cellular proteins as a post-translational modification rind is involved in metabolic stresses, such as bent shock and immune response. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding ubiquitin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The insert in the clone is 533 nucleotide long with an open reading frame of 387 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 129 amino acids with a molecular weight of 14.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence shared high homology with the ubiquitins known so far, The result of dot blot hybridization showed that the B. mori ubiquitin gene is up-regulated upon f. rofi infection, suggesting that the B. mori ubiquitin plays an immune-related role.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2013

Honokiol, a naturally occurring neolignan mainly found in Magnolia species, has exhibited a potential anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells. However, the growth inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms has been poorly determined. The present study was designed to examine the anti-proliferative effect of honokiol in SK-HEP-1 human hepatocellular cancer cells. Honokiol exerted anti-proliferative activity with cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and sequential induction of apoptotic cell death. The cell-cycle arrest was well correlated with the down-regulation of checkpoint proteins including cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin E, CDK4, PCNA, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and c-Myc. The increase of sub-G1 peak by the higher concentration of honokiol ($75{\mu}M$) was closely related to the induction of apoptosis, which was evidenced by decreased expression of Bcl-2, Bid, and caspase-9. Hohokiol was also found to attenuate the activation of signaling proteins in the Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways. These findings suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of honokiol was associated in part with the induction of cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and dow-nregulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in human hepatocellular cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

The trend in the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Korean dairy cattle was investigated in relation to test programs used between 1961 and 2004, during which a total of 8,961,061 dairy cows were tested and 10,248 confirmed to have BTB. The annual prevalence increased in the late 1960s, then decreased during the 1970s and 1980s, and started to increase again from the late 1990s. It seemed that the prevalence varies according to the different test program used. The prevalence of BTB was higher when the tests were performed with heat-concentrated synthetic medium (HCSM) or purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin alone compared to that when using combined HCSM and PPD tuberculin testing.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 1997

In order to compare molecular structure, malonate decarboxylases from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas putida aerobically grown on malonate, were purified by the method employing streptomycin sulfate treatment, chromatography with PBE 94 and ${\omega}-aminohexyl$ agarose. Molecular masses were estimated to be 185, 200, and 200 kDa, respectively. All malonate decarboxylases were multimeric enzymes consisting of four different subunits, $2{\alpha},\;1{\beta},\;1{\gamma},\;and\;1{\delta}$. The molecular masses of the Pseudomonas enzyme subunits were $65({\alpha})$, $33({\beta})$, $30({\gamma})$, and $11kDa({\delta})$; which are very similar to those, $65({\alpha})$, $32({\beta})$, $25({\gamma})$, and $11kDa({\delta})$ of Acinetobacter enzyme. The ${\delta}-subunit$ of the active form of the enzymes was acetylated. The acetyl group may form a thioester bond with the thiol group of the prosthetic group covalently linked to the enzyme. It suggests that such molecular organization is common in all malonate decarboxylases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1971

1. The effects of chloroform to the tissue lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and its isozymes and to the tissue glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) activities and its isoaymes are studied using the experimental albino male adult rats in this paper. The tissues studies are liver, kidney, heart, and brain. Besides the control group, two experimental groups are studied providing succeedingly 4 days interpariental administrations of chloroform, 0.0025ml and 0.025ml per day respectively. The changes of body weights, weights of organs, activities of GDH and LDH and their isozymes of each tissues, are analysed. 2. The body weights of rats are decreased due to the chloroform administration. 3. There are no significant differences of weights of organs due to the chloroform administration. 4. The significant decreases of tissue GDH activities and the significant changes in percent distribution of the GDH isozymes are found due to the chloroform administration. This weight be interpretated that chloroform effects to the protein and amino acid metabolism of rats. 5. Due to the chloroform administration, the significant changes in tissue LDH activities and in percent distribution of tissue LDH isozymes indicating the decreases of $LDH_1$ which is the aerobic heart type and the increase of $LDH_5$ which is the anaerobic muscle type, are observed. This could be estimated that chloroform effects to the carbohydrate metabolism, particularly to the anaerobic glycolysis of rats.