• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1999

Ko, Lim found some differences in the concentrations of bone resorptive cytokines, especially IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in periapical lesions and inflamed pulps. And they suppose that these differences may be due to the type of cells which produce each cytokine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the human odontogenic cysts & cystic fluid for their contents of IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$1{\alpha}$ and to compare the concentrations of each cytokine according to the cytokine producing cells. The cystic tissues used in this experiment, were obtained from periapical surgery or cyst enucleation surgery. Cystic fluid was obtained from root canal during routine endodontic therapy(n=5). Cystic tissues were subdivided into two groups, inflammatory radicular cyst group(n=15) and developmental odontogenic keratocyst group(n=3). Normal periapical tissues of extracted third molar(n=5) were also obtained to be used as control group. Each specimen was incubated in 0.5ml homogenizing buffer (0.1mol/L potassium chloride, 0.02mol/L TRIS;pH=7.6) for two hours and then homogenized with glass homogenizer. Each specimen was centrifuged in a microcentrifuge for 3 minutes, and supernatants were extracted. The concentrations of cytokines were measured with R&D ELISA kit. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test for the differences among the diseases and t test for the correlations among each cytokine. Following results were obtained ; 1. For IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, all experimental groups showed significantly higher concentrations of each cytokine than the control group (p<0.05). 2. In radicular cysts, the concentrations of IL-$1{\alpha}$ were higher than IL-$1{\beta}$, but not stastically significant (p>0.05). In odontogenic keratocysts, the concentrations of IL-$1{\alpha}$ were significantly higher than IL-$1{\beta}$ (p<0.05). In cystic fluid, the concentration of IL-$1{\beta}$ was significantly higher than IL-$1{\alpha}$ (p<0.05). 3. Between odontogenic keratocysts and radicular cysts, the concentrations of IL-$1{\alpha}$ were significantly higher in odontogenic keratocysts than in radicular cysts (p<0.05). 4. For TNF-${\alpha}$, only cystic fluid group showed significantly higher concentrations than the control group (p<0.05).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

NTR1 gene of Brassica campestris L. ssp. perkinensis encodes a floral nectary-specific methyltransferase. In this study, the NTR1 cDNA was expressed in E. coli to examine the enzymatic characteristics of the protein product. The GST-NTR1 fusion protein was purified to near homogeneity, showing that the size of NTR1 was 44 kDa. The protein reacted specifically with jasmonic acid (JA), consuming methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). GC-MS analysis revealed that the compound produced was authentic methyl jasmonate (MeJA), suggesting that NTR1 is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine: jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase. Km values of NTR1 for JA and SAM were 38.0 and $6.4{\mu}M$, respectively. Optimal activity of the NTR1 was observed at $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, in the presence of 100-150 mM KCl. Thus, kinetic properties, thermal characteristics, optimal pH, and ion-dependency of the NTR1 activity were almost identical to those of Arabidopsis JA methyltransferase JMT, indicating that these two proteins are orthologues of each other.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1836-1842
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• 1996

In this paper, static and fatigue bending strengths of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates having impact damage(FOD) are evaluated. Composite laminates used for this experiment are CF/EPOXY and CF/PEEK orthotropy laminated plates, which have two-interfaces[${0^0}_4{90^0}_4}$]$_sym$. A steel ball launched by the air gun colides against CFRP laminates to generate impact damages. The damage growth during bending fatigue test is observed by the scanning acoustic microscope(SAM). When the impacted side is compressed, the residual fatigue bending strength of CF/PEEK specimen P is greater that that of CF/EPOXY SPECIMEN B. On the other hand, when the impacted side is in tension, the residual fatigue bending strength of CF/PEEK speicemen P is smaller than that of CF/EPOXY specimen B. In the case of impacted-side compression, fracture is proposed from the transverse crack generated near impact point. On the other hand, fracture is developed toward the impact point from the edge of interface-b delamination in the case of impacted-side tension.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.504-514
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• 1996

고상반응법과 sol-gel법으로 제조된 NASICON의 상온과 25$0^{\circ}C$에서의 X선 회절 데이터를 리트벨트 분석을 행하였다. monoclinic에서 rhombohedral로 상전이가 일어나도 원자들의 변위는 매우 작았다. 이들 상간의 ZrO6 팔면체와 Si(P)O4 사면체고 구성된 골격은 다소 다르게 나타남으로 인하여 Na 이온의 자리도 변하였다. 이들 방법으로 제조된 NASICON은 Zr이 부족한 비화학양론 화학식, Na 1+x+4yZr2-xSixP3-xO12으로 표현될 수 있었다. 제조법에 따라 Na 이온들의 자리 점유율이 변화하였다. 상온에서는 Na(1)과 Na(3)자리의 자리 점유율의 합이 거의 1에 가까웠으나, 25$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Na(1)과 mid Na 자리를 단위 화학식 당 한 개를 약간 상회하는 Na 이온이 점유하였다. 상온과 25$0^{\circ}C$에서의 Na 이온의 이동 경로가 다름을 알 수 있었다. 또한 25$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Na(1)자리와 Na(2)자리 사이에 mid Na가 존재하며, 이 자리가 Na 이온의 이동에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2004

금 전극 표면을 시스테인으로 수식한 자기조립 단층막(self-assembled monolayers; SAMs)을 만들고 이를 퀴논 작용기를 갖고 있는 도파민과 반응시킨 수식전극을 제작하였다. 이 전극을 에탄올 내에서 6시간 정도 정치하면 SAMs가 잘 정돈 되어서 보다 개선된 형태의 순환전압전류법(cyclic voltammetry; CV)의 결과를 얻게 되었다. 그 결과 SAMs 말단에 o-퀴논의 산화-환원특성은 0.1 M 인산염 완충용액(pH=7.10)에서 형식전위 값이 0.28 V이고 피크 전위차이가 없는 가역성이 뛰어난 전극이 제작되었다. 이 전극으로 NADH의 정량을 위한 검정선을 제작하였으며, 5.0 ${\times}\;10^{-4}$ M농도까지 정량이 가능한 0.993의 뛰어난 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2019

In this study, the effect of mechanical polishing of carbon steel on the tribological properties of manganese phosphate coating on carbon steel has investigated. The microstructure, surface morphology and chemical composition were analyzed by SEM, EDS, and XRD. The surface roughness test was carried out in order to calculate Rvk value by 3D laser microscopy. Also, the tribology property of manganese phosphate coating was tested by ball-on disk. In the results of EDS analysis, coating layer consists of elements such in Mn, P, Fe, and O. XRD showed that (Mn,Fe)₅H₂(PO₄)₄·4H₂O in manganese phosphate coating layer was formed by the chemical reaction between manganese phosphate and elements in carbon steel. As the mechanical polishing degree increased, the friction coefficient was reduced. The rougher the mechanical polishing degree, the better corrosion resistance was obtained.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

We investigated some biochemical properties of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the Bombyx mori larval head. 1% Triton X-100 (v/v) was suitable for extracting AChE from the silkworm larval head but 1 M NaCl was not suitable. PAGE analysis showed a single band of AChE that was detected by histochemical staining using acetylthiocholine as a substrate. AChE was also partially purified with Sepharose 6B and DEAE-cellulose column. Finally, the specific activity of partially purified enzyme solution was 7.6. The study on inhibitor specificity indicated that the enzyme under study was a true cholinesterase (ChE) or AChE. AChE activity was maximum at the substrate concentration of $5{\times}10^{-4}$ M and the excess substrate inhibited the AChE activity. The optimal pH and temperature were pH 7.0-9.0 and 30-35$^{\circ}C$.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 1986

A study on the rapid fermentation of fish sauce has been carried out for effective utilization of sardine. The frozen sardine was thawed at room temperature, chopped, homogenized with equal amount of water and then hydrolyzed by addition of commercial proteolytic enzymes such as bromelain, papaya protease, ficin and a enzyme mixture under different conditions of hydrolysis. The effect of wheat gluten for masking fishy odor and color development during thermal treatment were also tested. The reaction mixture was heated for 30 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$ for enzyme inactivation, pasteurization and color development and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 4,000 rpm. Finally, table salt and benzoic acid were added for bacteriostatic effect. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. The hydrolyzing temperature, time, pH and the concentration of enzymes based on the weight of whole sardine for optimal hydrolysis were as follows: autolysis, $52.5^{\circ}C$, 4 hours, pH 8.0: with $0.25\%$ bromelain, $52.5^{\circ}C$, 4 hours, pH 6.6 :with $0.25\%$ ficin, $52.5^{\circ}C$, 4 hours, pH 6.8: with $0.3\%$ papaya protease, $52.5^{\circ}C$, 4 hours, pH 6.6: with $6\%$ enzyme mixture, $52.5^{\circ}C$, 4 hours, pH 6.9, respectively. But pH control was not much beneficial in increasing yield. 2. The hydrolytic reaction of chopped sardine with proteolytic enzymes could be interpreted as a first order reaction that devided into 2 periods with different reaction rate constsnts. $Q_{10}$ values of the first period prior to 4 hours were 1.23 to 1.31, and those of post 4 hours were 1.25 to 1.55. The corresponding activation energies were $1.81{\times}10^4\;to\;2.34{\times}10^4\;kJ/kmol$ and $1.92{\times}10^4\;to\;3.77{\times}10^4\;kJ/kmol$, respectively. 3. The reasonable amount of $75\%$ vital wheat gluten for addition was $9\%$ of chopped sardine. 4. The dark brown color was mainly developed during the thermal treatment for 30 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$ and not changed during storage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2007

The Saccharomyces0 cerevisiae KNU5377 strain, which was isolated from spoilage in nature, has the ability to convert biomass to alcohol at high temperatures and it can resist against various stresses [18, 19]. In order to understand the defense mechanisms of the KNU5377 strain under menadione (MD) as oxidative stress, we used several techniques for study: peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) followed by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) technology. Among the 35 proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS, 19 proteins including Sod1p, Sod2p, Tsa1p, and Ahp1p were induced under stress condition, while 16 proteins were augmented under normal condition. In particular, five proteins, Sod1p, Sod2p, Ahp1p, Rib3p, Yaf9p, and Mnt1p, were induced in only stressed cells. By LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, 37 proteins were identified in normal cells and 49 proteins were confirmed in the stressed cells. Among the identified proteins, 32 proteins were found in both cells. Five proteins including Yel047cp and Met6p were only upregulated in the normal cells, whereas 17 proteins including Abp1P and Sam1p were elevated in the stressed cells. It was interesting that highly hypothetical proteins such as Ynl281wp, Ygr279cp, Ypl273wp, Ykl133cp, and Ykr074wp were only expressed in the stressed cells. SELDI-TOF analysis using the SAX2 and WCX2 chips showed that highly multiple-specific protein patterns were reproducibly detected in ranges from 2.9 to 27.0 kDa both under normal and stress conditions. Therefore, induction of antioxidant proteins, hypothetical proteins, and low molecular weight proteins were revealed by different proteomic techniques. These results suggest that comparative analyses using proteomics might contribute to elucidate the defense mechanisms of KNU5377 under MD stress.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.889-897
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• 2012

This study suggests a direction for stage-costume design by making stage costumes based on amusement, eclecticism, and the masquerade, which are the criteria for approaching stage costume designs according to characteristics of the mask theatre presented by P. G. Bogatyryov. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, criteria to approach stage costume design for mask theatre can be classified into amusement, eclecticism, and masquerade according to the characteristics of the mask theatre presented by P. G. Bogatyryov. Second, the stage costume of a mongrel dog showed amusement through the expression of the image of therianthropy through the combination of a fur-lined vest and wristlet, Korean traditional trousers with the paw-prints of a dog. Third, eclecticism contains diverse characteristics and escapes from being singularly defined due to the fusion of severally different heterogeneous objects. The stage costume differently used a method of wearing clothing in a different period, of choosing clothing materials, and of expressing color in every character to indicate ambiguity to which the drama points through the integration of various expression elements. Fourth, the masquerade present characters (Taembang, Daejang, and Changseok)who simultaneously play the role of fairies after having changed into a white mask and having worn Korean a traditional overcoat (Durumagi) on the original clothes; the, result is the change of the theatrical structure into another time and space inside the theatrical scene of imagination through a concealment of the original clothing.