• 제목/요약/키워드: SAG2

검색결과 218건 처리시간 0.028초

인 결핍에 따른 하수배양 미세조류의 지방산 특성 분석 연구 (Effects of Phosphorus Starvation on Fatty Acid Production by Microalgae Cultivated from Wastewater Environment)

  • 우성근;박준홍
    • 대한토목학회논문집
    • /
    • 제32권4B호
    • /
    • pp.253-259
    • /
    • 2012
  • 하수에서 배양된 미세조류인 Chlorella vulgaris AG10032, Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG278-2, Scenedesmus quadricauda AG10308은 오폐수에서 질소 및 인 제거가 우수하고 높은 지질을 함유하고 있어서, 오폐수에서 바이오연료나 기타 바이오 기반의 자원 회수에 유용한 생물자원이다. 오폐수 환경에는 다양한 인의 농도가 존재하는데, 인의 농도 특히 인 결핍조건에 따른 조류의 지방산 특성에 대한 정보가 매우 제한적이다. 이는 표준 분석방법이 정립되어 있지 않은데 일부 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 미생물의 지방산을 분석하는데 일반적으로 사용되는 무극성 컬럼법과 식물성 지질을 분석하는데 널리 사용되는 극성 WAX-type 컬럼 GC-FID 방법의 미세조류 지방산 분석 성능을 비교 분석하였고, 하수배양 조류에 적용이 보다 적절한 방법을 이용해서 인 결핍에 의한 조류 지방산 생성특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과 무극성 컬럼 방법에 비해 극성 WAX-type 컬럼 GC 방법이 $C_{18:3}$ 지방산과 같은 고불포화지방산을 규명하는 분석능력이 우수하였고, 실제 하수배양에서 배양 분리된 미세조류의 지방산 분석에 보다 정확한 결과를 보이었다. 이 WAX-type 컬럼 방법으로 인 결핍 영향을 분석한 결과, 미세조류의 지방산 조성과 생성량은 인의 농도 변화에 크게 영향을 받지 않음을 밝히었다.

조류성장에 따른 하수 박테리아 군집 변화에 관한 분자생태학적 연구 (Molecular Ecological Characterization of Wastewater Bacterial Communities in Response to Algal Growth)

  • 이주연;이장호;박준홍
    • 대한환경공학회지
    • /
    • 제33권11호
    • /
    • pp.847-854
    • /
    • 2011
  • 주요 신재생에너지인 바이오에너지의 일환으로 조류를 이용한 바이오에너지 및 자원화 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 조류는 영양염류 제거 능력을 활용해서 하수와 같은 오폐수 내 난분해성오염물질과 영양염류 제거의 고도처리도 가능하다. 조류와 박테리아 간의 생태적인 상호작용이 조류를 활용한 하수처리 및 하수자원화에 중요한 역할을 함에도 불구하고, 실지 하수 조건에서 조류와 박테리아간의 생태학적인 상호작용에 관한 과학적인 정보가 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 하수에서 배양이 잘 되고, 지질함량이 높다고 알려진 국내 조류 종인 Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG 278-2의 하수오염물질 제거 특성과 조류 주입에 따른 하수 박테리아 군집의 반응을 실지 하수 조건에서 연구하였다. 하수 박테리아의 수가 증가는 조류의 성장 속도를 감소시켰으나, 반면 조류의 성장은 박테리아의 생존 및 내성호흡 생분해 속도에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 조류가 주입된 하수에서 난분해성 유기물질 및 총질소의 제거 향상이 관찰되었다. 박테리아 16S rRNA 유전자 T-RFLP 분석에 따르면 조류의 주입은 시간에 따라 박테리아 군집에 영향을 주었다. 박테리아 16S rRNA 유전자 PCR 증폭, clone 및 염기서열 분석 결과, 하수 내 조류의 성장은 박테리아 군집 구성을 변화시키며, 조류와 함께 공동 성장 가능한 박테리아는 Sediminibacterium, Sphingobacterium, Mucilaginibacter 속에 속하는 개체로 판명되었다.

분사연소합성(SCS)을 위한 평형종 계산과 용액연소공정 (Calculations of Equilibrium Species and Solution Combustion Process for Spray Combustion Synthesis (SCS))

  • 전병세;이상진;윤존도;권혁보
    • 한국세라믹학회지
    • /
    • 제38권6호
    • /
    • pp.545-550
    • /
    • 2001
  • 본 연구에서는 분사연소합성(SCS)을 위한 기초단계로서 용액연소합성에 대한 거동을 살펴보고자 알루미나 합성을 모델로 하였으며 이를 위해 전구체에 대한 열분해거동, 그리고 각 온도에서의 평형종 분압 계산 및 합성과정을 조사하였다. 각각의 열중량 분석(TGA) 결과 산화제와 환원제(연료)의 열분해 이력이 서로 다르게 나타났으며, 열역학 응용 프로그램인 ChemSag에 의한 평형종 분압의 계산에서 연소속도를 저하시킬 수 있는 $CO_2$와 수증기 가스 분압이 상당부분 존재하였다. 산화제/환원제 혼합물의 열분석(DTA/TG) 결과 산화제와 환원제의 열분해 거동의 차이, 그리고 매우 작은 시료의 양으로 인해 263$^{\circ}C$에서 발열피크가 매우 작게 나타났다. 열분석 시료에 비해 발열 에너지를 높이기 위해 산화제와 환원제 혼합 전구체를 비이커에서 증기압을 조절하며 가열시켜 본 결과 27$0^{\circ}C$에서 $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$생성물을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 분사연소합성 반응을 통해 세라믹 원료를 합성하기 위해서는 연소과정 중 열분해 거동과 평형종의 분압을 고려하여야 한다.

  • PDF

Nominative/Accusative Adpositions in Negative Auxiliary Constructions

  • No, Yong-Kyoon
    • 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
    • /
    • 제8권2호
    • /
    • pp.73-91
    • /
    • 2004
  • The nominative and accusative postpositions in Korean may intervene between the negative auxiliary verb ANH and its complement verb phrase. As Korean is an OV language, this means that 'verb + {nom, acc} + ANH' as well as the simpler concatenation 'verb + ANH' is possible. This fact, together with an overwhelming regularity of these postpositions' optionality in virtually all constructions, poses a problem for formal approaches to the syntax of the language. Working in a constraint-based grammatical framework shaped by such works as Sag and Wasow (1999) and Copestake (2002), we put forth type hierarchies for major_class, which represents verb inflection, and for pos, which has two immediate subtypes, i.e., htrp_pos and ord_pos. What we call the 'half transparency' of the case postpositions separates them from all the other lexical items in the language. The type htrp_pos is used to constrain one of the two newly proposed head_comp_rules, where a newly proposed feature HEAD2 of a phrase inherits its value from the HEAD feature of the head word. The COMPS list of the negative auxiliary ANH is seen as containing a single phrase whose HEAD is a kind of nominal clause and whose HEAD2 is something that is one of the three maximal types: acc, nom, and null.

  • PDF

ZrO2-Ti합금의 활성금속 브레이징 (Active Metal Brazing Applied to Joining of ZrO2-Ti Alloy)

  • 기세호;박상윤;정재필;김원중
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
    • /
    • 제30권3호
    • /
    • pp.38-43
    • /
    • 2012
  • In this study, active metal brazing methods for $ZrO_2$ and Ti alloy were discussed. To get a successful metal-ceramic bonding, various factors (melting temperature, corrosion, sag resistance, thermal expansion coefficient etc. of base materilas and filler metal) should be considered. Moreover, in order to clarify bonding between the metal and ceramic, the mechanism of the interfacial structure of the joints should be identified. The driving force for the formation of metal and ceramic interfaces is the reduction of the free energy which occurs when their contact becomes complete. Interfacial bonding depends on the material combinations and the bonding processes. This study describes the bonding between ceramic and metal in an active metal brazing.

A role of carboxy-terminal region of Toxoplasma gondii-heat shock protein 70 in enhancement of T. gondii infection in mice

  • Mun, Hye-Seong;Norose, Kazumi;Aosai, Fumie;Chen, Mei;Yano, Akihiko
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
    • /
    • 제38권2호
    • /
    • pp.107-110
    • /
    • 2000
  • We investigated the role of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii heat shock protein (rT.g.HSP) 70-full length, rT.g. HSP70-NH2-terminal region, or rT.g. HSP70-carboxy-terminal region in prophylactic immunity in C57BL/6 mice perorally infected with Fukaya cysts of T. gondii. At 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after infection, the number of T gondii in the brain tissue of each mouse was measured by quantitative competitive-polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) targeting the surface antigen (SAG) 1 gene. Immunization with rT.g.HSP70-full length or rT.g.HSP70-carboxy-terminal region increased the number of T. gondii in the brain tissue after T. gondii infection, whereas immunization with rT.g.HSP70-NHa-terminal region did not. These results suggest that T.g. HSP70-carboxy-terminal region as well as T.g.HSP70-full length may induce deleterious effects on the protective immunity of mice infected with a cyst-forming T. gondii strain, Fukaya.

  • PDF

국제 핵융합실험로용 VS(Vertical Stabilization) 컨버터의 운전모드 및 보호동작 (Operation modes and Protection of VS(Vertical Stabilization) Converter for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)

  • 조현식;조종민;오종석;서재학;차한주
    • 전력전자학회논문지
    • /
    • 제20권2호
    • /
    • pp.130-136
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study describes the structure and operation modes of vertical stabilization (VS) converter for international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and proposes a protection method. ITER VS converter supplies voltage (${\pm}1000V$)/current (${\pm}22.5kA$) to superconducting magnets for plasma current vertical stabilization. A four-quadrant operation must be achieved without zero-current discontinuous section. The operation mode of the VS converter is separated in 12-pulse mode, 6-pulse mode and circulation current mode according to the magnitude of the load current. Protection measures, such as bypass and discharge, are proposed for abnormal conditions, such as over current, over voltage, short circuit, and voltage sag. VS converter output voltage is controlled to satisfy voltage response time within 20 msec. Bypass operation is completed within 60 msec and discharge operation is performed successfully. The feasibility of the proposed control algorithm and protection measure is verified by assembling a real controller and implementing a power system including the VS converter in RTDS for a hardware-in-loop (HIL) facility.

Fast Envelope Estimation Technique for Monitoring Voltage Fluctuations

  • Marei, Mostafa I.;Shatshat, Ramadan El
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제2권4호
    • /
    • pp.445-451
    • /
    • 2007
  • Voltage quality problems such as voltage sag, swell, flicker, undervoltage, and overvoltage have been of great concern for both utilities and customers over the last decade. In this paper, a new approach based on the $H_{\infty}$ algorithm to monitor voltage disturbances is presented. The key idea of this approach is to estimate the amplitude of the fundamental component of distorted and noisy voltage waveform instantaneously, and then the information can be extracted from the estimated envelope to identify and classify different voltage related power quality problems. The $H_{\infty}$ algorithm is characterized by a fast tracking, unlike that of existing techniques. The $H_{\infty}$ algorithm outperforms the Kalman Filter (KF) by its fast convergence and robust tracking performance against non-Gaussian noise. The paper investigates the effects of various types of noise on the performance of the $H_{\infty}$ algorithm. Digital simulation results confirm the validity and accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed $H_{\infty}$ algorithm is examined by tracking the flicker produced by a resistance welder simulated in the PSCAD/EMTDC package.

모의배전계통에 두 트리거 전류레벨을 이용한 초전도한류기의 전류제한 특성 분석 (Current Limiting Characteristics of a SFCL with Two Triggered Current Limiting Levels in a Simulated Power Distribution System)

  • 고석철;한태희
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
    • /
    • 제26권2호
    • /
    • pp.134-139
    • /
    • 2013
  • When the accident occurred in power distribution system, it needs to control efficiently the fault current according to the fault angle and location. The flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) can quickly limit when the short circuit accidents occurred and be made the resistance after the fault current. The flux-lock type SFCL has a single triggering element, detects and limits the fault current at the same time regardless of the size of the fault current. However, it has a disadvantage that broken the superconductor element. If the flux-lock type SFCL has separated structure of the triggering element and the limiting element, when large fault current occurs, it can reduce the burden of power and control fault current to adjust impedance. In this paper, this system is composed by triggering element and limiting element to analyze operation of limiting current. When the fault current occurs, we analyzed the limiting and operating current characteristics of the two triggering current level, and the compensation characteristics of bus-voltage sag according to the fault angle and location.

Antisense expression of a staygreen gene (SGR) delays leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass

  • Hwang, Ok-Jin;Han, Yun-Jeong;Paek, Nam-Chon;Kim, Jeong-Il
    • Rapid Communication in Photoscience
    • /
    • 제3권2호
    • /
    • pp.28-31
    • /
    • 2014
  • Loss of chlorophyll is the visible symptom of leaf senescence and staygreen refers to the delayed leaf senescence in plants. The staygreen gene (SGR) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been identified as its mutation maintains greenness during leaf senescence, and encodes a chloroplast protein required for the initiation of chlorophyll breakdown in plants. In this study, we isolated a rice SGR-homologous gene in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), and transgenic creeping bentgrass plants were obtained by introducing pCAMBIA3301 vector harboring antisense SGR gene under control of the senescence-specific SAG12 promoter. Transgenic plants were selected by herbicide resistance assays and genomic integration of the transgenes was confirmed by PCR analysis. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the staygreen phenotype of the transgenic creeping bentgrass plants with decreased chlorophyll loss during leaf senescence. These results suggest that the antisense SGR expression in creeping bentgrass delays leaf senescence, which provides a way to develop genetically engineered turfgrass varieties with the commercially useful staygreen trait.