• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2014

A trading system is a computer trading program that automatically submits trades to an exchange. Mechanical a trading system to execute trade is spreading in the stock market. However, a trading system to trade a single asset might occur instability of the profit because payoff of this system is determined a asset movement. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a trading system that is trade two assets such as a pair trading that is to sell overvalued assets and buy the undervalued ones. The aim of this study is to propose a relative value based trading system designed to yield stable and profitable profits regardless of market conditions. In fact, we propose a procedure for building a trading system that is based on the rough set analysis of indicators derived from a price ratio between two assets. KOSPI 200 index futures and S&P 500 index futures are used as a data for evaluation of the proposed trading system. We intend to examine the usefulness of this model through an empirical study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2009

Codonopsis lanceolatae has been used as one of the traditional remedies as well as food source. However, few studies on their immunomodulating effects have been reported. We previously reported that ex vivo supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolatae water extracts enhanced splenocyte proliferation compared to the control group. In order to elucidate its ex vivo effect, six to seven week old balb/c mice were fed ad libitum on a chow diet and water extracts of Codonopsis lanceolatae were orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg B.W). After preparing the single cell suspension, the proliferation of splenocytes was determined by MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y] -2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The production of cytokine (IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$), secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not, was detected by ELISA assay using a cytokine kit. After 48 hrs of incubation with the mitogen (ConA or LPS) stimulation, the mice splenocyte proliferation in experimental group was statistically increased at two different concentrations than that in control group. The cytokines production was more significantly enhanced at the lower supplementation (500 mg/kg B.W.) group rather than higher concentration (500 mg/kg B.W.) compared to the control group. The results of this study may suggest that the supplementation of water extract of plant mixture could regulate the immune function by increasing the splenocyte proliferation and enhance the immune function through regulating cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2018

Background: Roflumilast is the only approved oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with chronic bronchitis and a history of frequent exacerbations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of adverse effects associated with roflumilast treatment in a real-world setting. Further, we compared the incidence of adverse effects and the discontinuation rate among patients receiving different doses. Methods: We identified all outpatients diagnosed with COPD at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between May 2011 and September 2016 and retrospectively reviewed their medical records. Roflumilast was prescribed to patients in doses of $500{\mu}g$ and $250{\mu}g$. Results: A total of 269 COPD patients were prescribed roflumilast in our hospital during the study period. Among them, 178 patients were treated with $500{\mu}g$ and 91 patients were treated with $250{\mu}g$. The incidence of adverse effects was 38.2% in the $500{\mu}g$ group and 25.3% in the $250{\mu}g$ group (p=0.034). The discontinuation rate of roflumilast was 41.6% (n=74) in the $500{\mu}g$ group and 23.1% (n=21) in the $250{\mu}g$ group (p=0.003). When adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, and lung function, $500{\mu}g$ dose was significantly associated with the discontinuation of roflumilast (odds ratio, 2.87; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a lower incidence of adverse effects and discontinuation among patients treated with $250{\mu}g$ compared with $500{\mu}g$ dose. Further studies regarding the optimal dose of roflumilast are required.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10B
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• pp.1150-1158
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• 2011

More than 100 Mbps rate is needed in the UBcN for a subscriber to receive broadband traffics with multi-channel like UDTV or 3DTV. Although the optical fiber is recently deployed for the FTTH, the UTP is the most widely used medium and will be used in UBcN age. Network providers may consider the 1000BASE-T or the vectorized VDSL if they adopts the UTP in the place where does not have optical fibers. But UTP should be expanded because 1000BASE-T and vectorized UTP needs 4 and 3 pairs cable, respectively while residential region has not exceeding 2 pair UTP cable. To solve the problem, we propose a 500BASE-T technology using 2 pairs UTP in this paper. The technology introduces a rate adaptation sublayer and a SERDES sublayer above and under the PCS, respectively. The rate adaptation sublayer is compatible for the GMII. Also, if we modify the SERDES sublayer, the technology can easily obtain 250BASE-T with 2 pairs UTP. We implement such functions with FPGA and analog board and verify the function of rate adaptation and symbol vector synchronization, and effective transmission rate by experiments. In particular, we show that link efficiency is increased by enable control in the rate adaptation sublayer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine whether genistein implants in laying hens could be transferred into their eggs. 250 mg genistein pellet was implanted two or four subcutaneously in the neck of laying hens. The contents of genistein in egg yolk transferred were analyzed with HPLC-MS. In 500 mg genistein pellets, it was detected as 395 ng/egg yolk on the day 18 after implanting and maintained as 546 ng/egg yolk after the day 59. In 1,000 mg, genistein was detected as 240 ng/egg yolk on the day 13, as 514 ng/egg yolk on the day 30 and maintained over 59 days. In conclusion, the direct genistein implants could be more twenty times efficiently transferred to egg yolks than dietary supplement.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 1996

A 500 Hz repetition rate excimer laser was developed as light source for pollution lidar. In this paper, the high repetitive output characteristics, the gas flow loop structure, and CR(clearing ratio) characteristics were investigated. Our laser system was constructed compact structure with a streamline gas flow loop and UV preionization. The real gas volume of laser is 10 liter. At 500 Hz repetitive operation, we have obtained average power of 53 watt with KrF laser gas. The variation of laser output, CR, and active volume are $\pm$6.7%, 2.3, and 2.0(H)$\times$1.2(W)$\times$56(L)=134 ㎤, respectively. Laser output power is declined to half at 3$\times$$10^6$ shots.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2013

Following the success of the KTX (Korea's first high-speed rail system) with a maximum operating speed of 300 km/h opened in 2004, experts in Korea started a research on the development of key technologies for high-speed rail (HSR) with a top speed of 500 km/h. This paper is a preliminary analysis of the research. It first reviews HSR experiences around the world, in terms of traffic and economic impacts of HSR, and presents a preliminary analysis of 500 km/h HSR in Korea. It is estimated that introduction of 500 km/h HSR with a 54% of travel time reduction will increase HSR passengers to about 9.8 million (about 78% of market share) between Seoul and Busan. It is a 23% of growth compared to the base scenario. Along with conventional rail passengers, air passengers are expected to be significantly impacted by the 500 km/h HSR. As a function of HSR travel time, the estimated market shares of both KTX and 500 km/h HSR compared to air are very comparable with previous international experiences. Based on the forecasted traffic, estimated total benefits are $758 million per year.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Composite Preparation (Sam Whang Sasim-Tang: SWST, Whang Ryun Haedok-Tang: WRHT) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol. Phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the serum, and the change ratio of body and liver weight in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats, making use of the extract 150, 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg p.o. Significant test was performed by comparision with the values of corresponding experimentally hyperlipemic rats. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in all dose of SWST and WRHT respectively. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in dose of SWST 500 mg/kg and in all dose of WRHT respectively. The content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in all dose of two the extract. The rate of decrease on total lipids and triglyceride were remarkable in dose of SWST 300, 500 mg/kg and WRHT 200, 500 mg/kg, and then the content of total cholesterol was more remarkable in dose SWST 300, 500 mg/kg, and WRHT 150, 300 mg/kg, and the content of phospholipids was more remarkable in dose of the extract 150, 200 and 300 mg/kg. The content of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ was significantly decreased in dose of WRHT 150, 200 and in all dose of SWST. Increase ratio of the body and liver weight were significantly decreased in dose of two the extract 300, 500 mg/kg respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

The anti-obesity effects of yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation (1.0 g/d) have already been demonstrated. We investigated whether a low dose of YH (0.5 g/d, YH-500) also has the anti-obesity effects. Thirty obese women were randomly assigned to the control or YH-500 groups. After 8 weeks, weight and body mass index were significantly reduced by the YH treatment (0.5 g/d) (P<0.05). The YH-500 group lost a significant amount of body fat after the 8-week treatment: fat mass 25.9 kg (baseline) versus 23.8 kg (8th week), P<0.01; fat mass ratio 38.8% (baseline) versus 36.5% (8th week), P<0.05. The YH-500 group showed a significant reduction in calorie intake during the 8-week treatment (P<0.001). The control group wanted to eat much more food (P<0.05) and sometimes thought about eating more often compared with the YH-500 group (P<0.05). Whereas the control group showed a slightly increased sweet preference, the YH-500 group showed a significant reduction in sweet preference (P<0.05). In conclusion, low dose YH supplementation (0.5 g/d) may induce a reductions in weight and body fat in obese women via the reduction of calorie intake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.142-143
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• 2012