• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.632-639
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• 1994

For dye sensitization of zinc oxide in the visible region, copper phthalocyanine(CuPc) and sunfast yellow(SY) were adsorbed in two layers on zinc oxide powder. The adsorption structures of $\alpha-and\beta-CuPc$ on zinc oxide were investigated by photoacoustic, IR and Raman spectra. The ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}$-polymorphs exhibited dimeric structure or molecular aggregates. The surface photovoltaic effect of ZnO/CuPc/SY showed higher than that of ZnO/SY/CuPc and $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ indicated better photosensitive than $ZnO/\alpha-CuPc/SY.$ Electrophotographic sensitivity of $ZnO/\beta-CuPc/SY$ was $$S_{1/2}=2.99{\times}10^{-2}(erg/cm^2)^{-1}$ at 630 nm.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 1998

We established an in vitro experimental system using the following procedure. We first introduced tritium-labelled norepinephrine ([3H]-NE)into PC12 cells. The [3H]-NE incorporated into PC12 cells were then stimulated by a high concentration (60 mM) of $K^+$ during 12 minutes. Then, we counted the amount of [3H]-NE release from PC12 cells with the scintillation counter. After screening fungal, Streptomyces or bacterial product using this experimental system, we obtained S9940 from Streptomyces spp. which inhibited [3H]-NE release from PC12 cells. S9940 also inhibits the release of ATP as a neurotransmitter of PC12 cells and rat cortical neurons. The inhibitory effect was seen even when the PC12 cells were treated with low $K^+$ buffer containing ionomycin $(1\muM)$ as an ionopore. This result suggests that the inhibitory action of S9940 on neurotransmitter release appeared after the influx of $Ca^{2+}$.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

Stateless computing supports a mobility of computing environment easily. It is becoming a major technology for securing personal user's information on shared computing environment. With the advance of virtualization technology and cloud computing, stateless computing is an essential part of personal computing environment connectivity (user's setting and data is stored in remote server or some storage, and it can be restored at any computing environment) In this paper, we propose uPC player that supports stateless computing execution environment on Windows. uPC player provides Windows operating system to user by using an uPC OS virtualization module. In this paper, we leverage how uPC player is designed and implemented for supporting a stateless computing execution environment. uPC player provides a desktop switch between host-system execution environment and uPC virtual execution environment. And it needs just one second for loading uPC virtual execution environment by using OS virtualization-based technique.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.30 no.S1
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• pp.4-10
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• 1990

퍼스널 컴퓨터의 고성능화에 따라 90년대에는 PC와 워크스테이션(W/S)의 구분이 불분명해지고 상급기종의 PC는 현재 수퍼미니급의 영역까지 파고들어 갈 것이다. CPU는 32비트 프로세서로 완전히 전환할 것이며, OS(operating system)는 MS-DOS가 멀티 태스킹이 되지 않으므로 멀 티태스킹이 가능한 OS/2와 UNIX가 주로 사용될 것이다. 또는 90년대에는 PC네트워크가 본격 적으로 이용될 것이며 OS/2의 네트워크 기능이 보다 강화될 것이다. 이용자와의 인터페이스도 문자로 키인되는 명령어양식에서 그림을 이용한 그래픽 유저 인터페이스(GUI)가 일반화할 것 이다. 또한 그래픽 기능이 강화되어 프린터로 인쇄될 이미지를 화면상에 그대로 표시되게 하는 WYSIWYG(what you see is what you get)기능이 실현될 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of probiotic complex(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae) on growth performance, blood immunological parameters and fecal malodor gas emissions in growing pigs. Forty-eight pigs[(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.31±1.29kg average initial body weight] were used in 35d growth trial. Dietary treatments included CON(basal diet), PC1(basal diet + 0.1% probiotic complex) and PC2(basal diet + 0.2% probiotic complex). From d 0 to 20, ADFI was significantly increased in PC1 and PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.013). From d 21 to 35, ADFI was increased in PC1 compared to CON(Quadratic effect, P=0.024). For the whole period, ADFI was increased PC2 and PC1 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.009, Quadratic effect, P=0.004). For the whole period, ADG was increased in PC1 compared to CON(Quadratic effect, P=0.017). G/F was not affected by treatments. Dry matter digestibility in PC2 was higher than PC1 and CON(Linear effect, P=0.001). Nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher in PC2 and PC1 than CON(Linear effect, P=0.005). In blood immunological parameters, Total protein, IgG, red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) were increased in PC2 compared to PC1 and CON(Linear effect, P<0.001, Quadratic effect, P<0.001). In fecal malodor gas emission, ammonia and acetic acid were significantly reduced in PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P<0.02). Hydrogen sulfide was significantly reduced in PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.0002, Quadratic effect, P=0.018). However, total mercaptans was not affected by treatments. Water content of feces was not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, 0.2 % probiotic complex improved ADFI, apparent dry matter and nitrogen digestibility, Total protein, IgG, RBC and WBC. Also, it decreased ammonia, acetic acid and hydrogen sulfide emissions in growing pigs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1685-1689
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• 2009

Phytochelatins (PCs) are small polypeptides synthesized by PC synthase (PCS). They are present in various living organisms including plants, fission yeast, and some animals. The presumed function of PCs is the sequestration of cytosolic toxic heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) into the vacuoles via vacuolar membrane localized heavy metal tolerance factor 1 (HMT-1). HMT-1 was first identified in fission yeast (SpHMT-1), and later in Caenorhabdtis (CeHMT-1). Recently, its homolog has also been found in PC-deficient Drosophila (DmHMT-1), and this homolog has been shown to be involved in Cd detoxification, as confirmed by the heterologous expression of DmHMT-1 in fission yeast. Therefore, the dependence of HMT-1 on PC in Cd detoxification should be re-evaluated. I heterologously expressed SpHMT-1 in cytosolic PC-deficient yeast, Saccharomycea cerevisiae, to understand the dependence of HMT-1 on PC. Yeast cells expressing SpHMT-1 showed increased tolerance to Cd compared with control cells. This result indicates that SpHMT-1 is not strictly correlated with PC production on its function. Moreover, yeast cells expressing SpHMT-1 showed increased tolerance to exogenously applied glutathione (GSH) compared with control cells, and the tolerance to Cd was further increased by exogenously applied GSH, while tolerance in control cells was not. These results indicate that the function of SpHMT-1 in Cd detoxification does not depend on PCs only, and suggest that SpHMT-1 may sequester cytosolic GSH-Cd complexes into the vacuole.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2005

S152 is a small bright emission nebula located in the Perseus arm. Its optical diameter corresponds to 1.5 pc for an adopted distance 3.5 kpc. However, S152 is a part of a giant molecular cloud complex, which consists of several dense cores, containing active star-forming sites, and well aligned arm-like features. We analyzed the FCRAO $^{12}CO(J=\;1{\to}0)$ Outer Galaxy Survey data in this region to study the kinematical structure of this region, which resembles a big "scorpion". We found that there exist three different velocity components, about -54.5, -50.4, -48.8 km $s^{-1}$, depending on the position of the "scorpion". There also exist velocity gradients of 0.21 km $s^{-1}pc^{-1}$ and 0.16 km $s^{-1}pc^{-1}$ through the whole extent of the "scorpion". Interestingly, these two velocity gradients show an opposite direction with each other. It is likely that the velocity structure of this region may result from the mergence of different gas clouds, and the interaction with the SNR 109.1-1.0 occurred later, mostly at the region around the "head of the scorpion" only.

• 정보화사회
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• s.17
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• pp.26-29
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• 1989

정부는 2000년대까지 PC 1천만대를 보급한다는 방침을 세우고 공중전화의 낙전수입금을 국민학교 PC보급에 지원하는등 적극적인 정보화 추진 의욕을 보이고 있는 가운데 국민학교에서 컴퓨터교육이 실시되자 교육용PC수요 또한 최근 급격히 증가하고 있다. 지난해 국내PC시장 규모는 약 8만5천대로 지금까지 국내에 약 40만대가 보급된 것으로 추산되며 83년 붐을 일으켰던 컴퓨터 수요도 재현될 전망이다. 이렇듯 PC보급이 가속화되고 PC통신이 활성화 될 수 있는 제반 사회적 여건이 조성되가고 있지만 PC통신의 꽃이라 할 수 있는 BBS에 대한 인식과 보급은 미미한 실정이다. 이미 미.일에서는 BBS가 대중화 단계에 접어들고 있어 우리나라에서는 이의 활성화 방안 마련이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 이번호에 국내에 소개된 몇 편 안되는 자료를 바탕으로 BBS에 대한 개념 및 개괄적인 사항을 다뤄보고자 한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2004

Purpose : To measure the NMR relaxation properties of MnPC, to observe the characteristics of liver enhancement patterns on MR images in experimentally implanted rabbit VX2 tumor model, and to estimate the possibility of tissue specific contrast agent for MnPC in comparison with the hepatobiliary agent. Materials and Methods : Phthalocyanine (PC) was chelated with paramagnetic ions, manganese (Mn). 2.01 g (5.2 mmol) of phthalocyanine was mixed with 0.37 g (1.4 nlmol) of Mn chloride at $310^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours and then purified by chromatography ($CHCl_3:\;CH_3OH=98:2$, volume ratio) to obtain 1.04 g $(46\%)$ of MnPC (molecular weight = 2000 daltons). The T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) for MnPC were determined at a 1.5 T (64 MHz) MR spectrometer. VX2 tumor model was experimentally implanted in the liver parenchyma of rabbits. All MR studies were performed on 1.5 T. The human extremity radio frequency coil of a bird cage type was employed. MR images were acquired at 17 to 24 days after VX2 carcinoma implantation.4 mmol/kg MnPC and 0.01 mmol/kg Mn-DPDP were injected via the ear vein of rabbits. T1-weighted images were obtained with spin-echo (TR/TE=516/14 msec) and fast multiplanar spoiled gradient recalled (TR/TE : 80/4 msec, $60^{\circ}$ flip angle) pulse sequence. Fast spin-echo (TR/TE=1200/85 msec) was used to obtain the T2-weighted images. Results : The value of T1/T2 relaxivity (R1/R2) of MnPC was $7.28\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ and $55.56\;mM^{-1}S^{-1}$ respectively at 1.5 T (64 MHz). Because the T2 relaxivity of MnPC that bonded strongly, covalently manganese with phthalocyanine was very high, the signal intensity of liver parenchyma was decreased on postcontrast T2-weighted images and we could easily distinguish the VX2 carcinoma within the liver parenchyma. When MnPC was administrated intravenously, the tumor margin delineation was more remarkable than Mn-DPDP-enhanced images. The enhancement of liver parenchyma with MnPC persisted at relatively high levels over at least one hour after injection of the contrast agents. Conclusion : The hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of MnPC, which are similar to Mn-DPDP, suggest that this agent is a new liver-specific agent. Also, MnPC seems to be used as a dual contrast agent (T1 and T2) with high T2 relaxivity. However, it is warranted that MnPC needs further investigation as a potential contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver. That is, further characterizations of MnPC are needed in vivo and in vitro before clinical trials. The diagnostic potential of MnPC will also have to be examined more in the animal models of additional types.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.86-91
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• 2006

This study is aimed to provide a guide for PC use space in apartment. To achieve this, a design about PC use space which was considered adequate location, area, form was suggested. As methods of the study, survey research method and case study. The survey was taken by five hundred-eighty-nine people who used PCs in apartment from May 2005 to July 2005 in Je-Ju province for an analysis of data. The results of the survey were showed PC use space situation and furnitures layout patterns. The case was classified by unit plans of size, and it showed design example of PC use space. In case of the 20s pyeong(about 3.30 square meters) type, PC use space was located in dead-space in the residence with minimum scale, because of 20s pyeong types are smaller than the other types. In case of the 30s pyeong type, PC use space which was divided with a partition panel was located in the livingroom expanding the room space to the balcony. In case of the 40s pyeong type, PC use space was located in the room of sons or daughters which was arranged with other furniture. The adequate area of PC use space is 1.4$^{\sim}$2.2 square meters, and it should take into account furniture size and human active sphere. And PC use space of form should consider traffic line, personal space and privacy. Besides it is required of ergonomic design in chair, table in its scale. And it is necessary development of systematic furniture for PC use space.