• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2007

We investigated the effect of Arogh, a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on animal models of anxiety based on exploratory behavior. The anxiolytic activity of polyherbal formulation (30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) was studied using various behavioural paradigms such as elevated plus maze (EPM), light/dark apparatus (LDA), open field apparatus (OFA), hole board apparatus (HBA). Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a standard anxiolytic drug. The effect of PHF (100 and 300 mg/kg) on serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline mediated behaviour was studied by lithium induced head twitches in rats, haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice and clonidine induced hypothermia in rats respectively. In EPM, PHF (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the time spent in open arms and the number of entries in open arms. In LDA, PHF (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the time spent in lit zone. In OFA, PHF (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of assisted rearing and the number of squares traversed. In HBA, PHF (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of head poking. In lithium induced head twitches, PHF (100 and 300 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of head twitches. In haloperidol induced catalepsy, PHF (300 mg/kg) decreased the duration of catalepsy significantly (P < 0.05) at 60 min. In clonidine-induced hypothermia, PHF (300 mg/kg) did not modify the effect. Drugs must be carefully assessed on EPM test and therefore in the present study EPM is supported by other tests. Present study indicates that Arogh, a polyherbal formulation possess anxiolytic activity. It diminished serotonergic transmission and decreased the duration of catalepsy indicating potentiation of dopaminergic transmission. Thus, Arogh a polyherbal formulation contains bioactive principles which possess anxiolytic activity and modified 5-HT and DA mediated behaviour.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

[Purpose] In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Sargassum horneri had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. [Methods] The proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, and dietary fiber of S. horneri, various biologically active compounds, and antioxidant activity were analyzed. [Results] The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, as well as the reduction power, of the S. horneri extract used here were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. This indicates that S. horneri contains bioactive compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids, that have excellent antioxidant activity. The cellular viability and metabolic activity results confirmed that the extract had no discernible toxicity at concentrations up to 100 ㎍/mL. The levels of nitrites and cytokines (PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-6), which mediate pro-inflammatory effect, were significantly inhibited by treatment with either 50 or 100 ㎍/mL S. horneri extract, whereas that of IL-1β was significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 ㎍/mL of the extract. Similarly, the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins also decreased according to 50 or 100 ㎍/mL extract concentrations. NF-κB binding to DNA was also significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 ㎍/mL of extract. [Conclusion] These results suggest that 70% EtOH extracts of S. horneri can relieve inflammation caused by disease or high intensity exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1997

A medium energy ion scattering spectroscopy(ME1S) system has been developed and tested.In the MEIS system a toroidal electrostatic energy analyzer(TEA) and a two dimensional position sensitivedetector(PSD) were used. The energy resolution of MEIS system was estimated to be less than $4\times 10^{-3}$ and the overall angular resolution was less than 0.3". From the MEIS spectrum of $Ta_2O_5$(300 $\AA$)/ onSi analyzedousing 60 keV $H^+$, the energy loss factor(S.1 and depth resolution were estimated to he 42 eV/$\AA$ and 9.7 $\AA$, respectively. Also Si(100) surface was analyzed using the MEIS system. A random MElSspectrum was obtained from thc Si(100) covered with native oxide layers. At the double alignment condition, MElS spectrum showed ;i Si surface peak, a oxygen peak and a carbon peak.nd a carbon peak.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2013

This study was carried out to find a reasonable irrigation method of a nutrient solution for the phenolic foam slab (foam LC) used in a trial experiment to substitute the rockwool slab in the production of paprika (Capsicum annuum 'Veyron'). 100, 90, and 80 mL of a nutrient solution was supplied per plant each time when the accumulated radiation reached to 100, $90J{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, and they were named as the 100-100, 90-90, and 90-80 treatment, respectively. The drain percentage per plant of the 100-100 treatment was high by 33.8% in rockwool and 36.7% in foam LC (Lettuce Cube) and that of 90-80 treatment was low by 30.4% and 33.7%. The water content and EC of the rockwool slab were maintained in the range of 63.6-68.9% and $4.4-5.1mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$, while those of the foam LC slab were in the range of 52.9-58.8% and $5.5-6.5mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$. The plant height and leaf size of the 100-100 and 90-90 treatments increased in a similar manner, while those of the 90-80 treatment decreased and those of the rockwool were greater than those of the foam LC. The fruit size and weight of the 100-100 and 90-90 treatments were similarly bigger and heavier than those of the 90-80 treatment. The number of fruits harvested per plant was the greatest in the 90-80 treatment with 8 and 8.3 fruits in the rockwool and foam LC. The number of marketable fruits in the rockwool and foam LC was the greatest with 18.1 and 18.2, respectively, in the 90-90 treatment, while that in the 90-80 treatment was 17.2 and 16.8, respectively. The number of unmarketable fruits of the 90-80 treatment was the greatest (1.7-1.8 fruits per plant) in both the rockwool and foam LC, and most of them were small sized or blossom end rot fruits. The yield of the 90-90 treatment was the greatest among the irrigation.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the kinematic pattern of elite women 100m hurdler race from start to finish and analyze how the change of horizontal velocity makes an influence on the athletes' performance. The analysis was based on the performance of Korean elite 100m hurdler A and international elite hurdlers B and C. Following results were drawn from the analyzation of elite 100m hurdlers' technical characteristics; During the race, hurdler A made more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity at the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and the 7th hurdle. The horizontal velocity peaked at the 4th hurdle with 8.23 m/s. On the other hand, hurdler B and hurdler C maintained more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity from the 2nd hurdle through the 10th hurdle. Hurdler B's fastest horizontal velocity was 8.67 m/s from the 6th to the 7th hurdle and hurdler C's fastest horizontal velocity was 8.85 m/s from the 5th to the 8th hurdle. From the start line to the 3rd hurdle, the times achieved by hurdlers A, B, and C were 4.90 sec, 4.65 sec, and 4.52 sec. In the middle of the race, which is from the 4th hurdle to the 7th hurdle, hurdlers A, B, and C ran in 9.10 sec, 8.60 sec, and 8.38 sec. And the latter part of the race to the 10th hurdle, the times hurdlers A, B, and C hit were 12.32 sec, 11.66 sec, and 11.32 sec. To the finish line, it took 1.15 sec for hurdler A, 1.1 sec for B, and 1.06 sec for C. Hence, to set the record of sub-13 sec, hurdler A should improve her acceleration from the start line to the 1st hurdle with the speed more than 5.4 m/s and should maintain more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity from the 2nd hurdle through the 10th hurdle. In addition, hurdler A should improve her speed endurance to minimize the deceleration of horizontal velocity from the 4th hurdle to the final hurdle. If hurdler A could shorten 0.05 sec of time in each hurdle section, she would be able to set the record under 13 seconds.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2003

Effects of repeated treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on the induction of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide were investigated in rats. Pregnant rats were orally treated with BHA (50 mg/kg) for 7 days, from days 6 to 12 of gestation, and intraperitoneally challenged with cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg) 2 hr after the final treatment. On day 20 of gestation, the maternal and fetal abnormalities were examined. Separately, a part of rats was sacrificed for the assay of hepatic and placental GSTs activities on day 12 of gestation following 7-day treatment with BHA. Cyclophosphamide, administered on day 12 of gestation, induced 43.2% of fetal death and resorption, and 100% of malformations in live fetuses, in contrast to low fetal resorption (8.7%) and malformations (8%) in control group. The malformations include cranial defect and exencephaly (100%), micrognathia and tongue extrusion (100%), limb defects (40%), renal pelvic dilatation (39%), and cleft palate (15%). Interestingly, BHA induced GSTs activities by 62% and 46% over the control in liver and placenta, respectively, and remarkably reduced the fetal resorption (13.9%) and malformations, resulting in 62% of cranial defect and exencephaly, 68% of micrognathia and tongue extrusion, 29% of limb defects, and 14% of renal pelvic dilatation. Taken together, it is suggested that a long-term pretreatment with BHA could substantially prevent fetuses from abortion and malformations following intrauterine exposure to teratogens including cyclophosphamide by inducing phase II antioxidant enzymes such as GSTs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 1991

The entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophoTa, were laboratory tested for the control of rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. When 8 cm long of two rice stems infected by rice stem borers were treated with S. carpocapsae by spray application to the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 nematodes/ml, 68.6 $\pm$ 10.0-94.9 $\pm$ 2.6 % control was obtained. When 8 cm long of rice stems infected by rice stem borers were treated with H. bacteriophoTa by spray application to the concentrations of 100, 200, 400, or 800 nematodes/ ml, 91.4 $\pm$ 0.7-100 % control was obtained. On the other hand, when 8 cm long of three rice stems were treated with H. bacteriophora by dipping application to the concentrations of 100 or 200 nematodes/ml, 46.2 $\pm$ 4.7-63.1 $\pm$ 4.7 % control was obtained. Because the moist habitat of rice stems were favorable to nematode survival and searching abilities, entomopathogenic nematode, were confirmed to be a potential biological control agents against rice stem borers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-66
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the flooded area around Samcheok Middle School caused by typhoons MAYSAK·HAISHEN in September 2020. To analyze the confluence of Samcheok Osipcheon, local stream Deungbongcheon, we utilized Iber, a two-dimensional hydraulic model. We simulated the water depth and flood extent based on the peak flows on September 3 and September 7, 2020, and the 80 year and 100 year frequency floods. The simulation results showed that the 80-year frequency flood and the 100-year frequency flood on September 7 were insignificantly different, but the maximum flow rate from September 3 to September 7 was significantly different at 401 m³/s, resulting in a difference of 0.8 m in water depth and 7.1 m² in flood area. In addition, the analysis that considered only the contour lines using contour lines predicted inundation of not only the Samcheok Middle School playground but also the building, confirming the need to apply DSM.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

This study examined the quality characteristics of brown sauce prepared with rice powder in place of wheat flour, which is the commonly used thickener. With regard to the general components, as the level of rice powder increased and its ratio in the stock increased, moisture decreased and crude protein, lipid, and ash increased. Reducing sugar content was 4.72% in the control group, and as the mixing ratio of stock to rice powder increased from 100:5 (S1) to 100:13 (S5) in the rice powder-added groups, reducing sugar content increased from 3.94% to 4.82%, respectively. In terms of Hunter's color values, as more rice power was added to the beurre mani$\acute{e}$, L, a, and b values increased. Thus, a sauce of a light brown color was appropriately made. For consistency, as more rice powder beurre mani? was inserted into the analyzer, flow was reduced and viscosity significantly increased. The pH of the control (CS) was 4.94, and there were no significant differences between the control and the rice powder-added groups. In sensory evaluations, color presented its highest score as 6.47 when the mixing ratio of stock to beurre mani$\acute{e}$ was 100:7 (S2). S2 also received the highest score for flavor at 6.32. Viscosity was highest in the control (CS) at 6.26, and was not significantly different from the 100:7 (S2) or 100:9 (S3) groups. Finally, the S2 group had the highest scores for taste (6.21) and overall-acceptability (6.30). In correlation analyses between the sensory characteristics, overall-acceptability as well as the color, flavor, viscosity, and taste of the brown sauce all presented comparatively high positive correlations, in which overall-acceptability and color had the highest correlation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.227-239
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• 2009

At the present study, it was aimed to detect virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes among 102 strains of 12 Salmonella serotypes isolated from pigs and cattle. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), invA was detected from all strains of Salmonella spp., spvC was detected from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) (100%), S. Bradenburg (75%), and S. Typhimurium (20.4%). Drug resistance related genes of 12 types were detected from all strains. TEM ($bla_{TEM}$) gene was detected from 51 (92.7%) of 55 $\beta$-lactams (54 ampicillin or 1 amoxicillin) resistance strains. 55 (100%) of 55 chloramphenicol resistance strains, 3 (100%) of 3 gentamicin resistance strains and 5 (100%) of 5 kanamycin resistance strains did contain cml, aadB, and aphA1-Iab, respectively. strB (89.9%), strA (88.4%), aadA2 (84.1%) and aadA1 (72.5%) were detected from 69 streptomycin resistance strains. sulII and dhfrXII were detected from 49 (100%) of 49 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance strains, but sulI was not detected. tetA (97.9%) and tetB (21.6%) were detected from 97 tetracycline resistance strains. int gene was detected from 58 (56.9%) of 102 strains. 54 S. Typhimurium of 102 Salmonella spp. were attempted to detect drug resistance genes. TEM was detected from 44 (95.7%) of 46 $\beta$-lactams (45 ampicillin or 1 amoxicillin) resistance strains. cmlA was detected from 51 (100%) of 51 chloramphenicol resistance strains. aadA2 (100%), strA (100%), strB (100%), and aadA1 (79.6%) were detected from 54 streptomycin resistance strains. sulII (100%) and dhfrXII (100%) were detected from 49 sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance strains. tetA was detected from 54 (100%) of 54 tetracycline resistance strains. int gene was detected from 54 (100%) of 54 strains. The major drug resistance pattern and resistance gene profile were ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline (ACSSuT) and TEM, cmlA, aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB, sulII, dhfrXII, tetA and int, respectively.