• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

The antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, Portulaca oleracea Linne, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider, Euonymus alatus Apterus, Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Albizzia julibrissin Durazz., Chrysanthemum indicum Linne) were evaluated for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radicals, nitrites, $Superoxide^-$ radicals, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antioxidant capacities were the highest in Prunus yedoensis Matsumura for DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $5.39{\mu}g/mL$), reducing power (2.72, $A_{700}$), and nitrite scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $167.94{\mu}g/mL$). Hovenia dulcis Thunberg and Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman were effective for their nitrite scavenging activities (over 90% at 1 mg/mL). The $Superoxide^-$ radical scavenging activity of Prunus yedoensis Matsumura ($IC_{50}$ $43.39{\mu}g/mL$) was stronger than tannic acid ($IC_{50}$ $46.51{\mu}g/mL$). Five samples (Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) were effective for their $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity (more than 90% at 0.5 mg/mL). These results suggest that the ethanolic extracts of Prunus yedoensis Matsumura could be used as a functional ingredient in food products.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to verify the responses of major crop species to saline stress.To determine the saline tolerance of crop species, sevral crop species were cultivated under sand-culture system using Hoagland's nutrient solution whit 200mM NaCl. The crop species showing saline tolerance were cotton(Gossypium indicum), maize(Zea mays), barely(Hordeum vulgare), and wheat(Triticum aestivum) but perilla (Perilla frutescens) and leguminous crops, mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus), azuki bean(Phaseolus angularis) and soy bean(Glycin max) showed very por tolerance. One the typical symptom was the darkening of leaf color due to increase of chlorophyll concentration.Among of the plant families, Fabaceae was the most susceptible but crop species belonging to Poaceae were more proper for cultivating on reclaimed tidal land in the course of desalinazation. It was suggrsted that the crop species belonging to Fabaceae, a sensitive family to soil salinity, must be cultivated when the soil salinity decreased below 10ds/m. To know the critical salinity level for crop growth,salinity of saline soil collected from reclaimed tidal land was adjusted from 10.0ds/m tp41.7ds/m with tap water. It was suggested that the ECs of the soil in which the plant height of each crop spicies was reduced to 50% of control plant were 22.6 and 21.7 ds/m in rice, barley, corn, mung bean, and soy bean,respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.973-982
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• 2020

In this study, we examined inhibition of adipocyte differentiation associated with the administration of camphor, a substance identified in extracts of the flowering plant Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CI). No camphor-mediated cytotoxicity was observed over a period of 1-10 days in studies targeting cells of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like line. Experiments that featured siRNA-mediated suppression of the transmembrane proteins Patched (PTCH) and Smoothened (SMO) resulted in inhibition and activation of differentiation, respectively. Interestingly, inhibition of PTCH typically activates SMO protein targeting and serves to activate hedgehog (HH)-mediated signaling. The results of our study suggest that activation of HH-mediated signaling can inhibit adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, expression of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (Gli1) was detected by flow cytometry in 62.7±1.5% of cells in response to administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KCTC 3237) and in 60.4±2.2% of cells in response to camphor; these levels are higher than those detected in undifferentiated controls (24.9±3.1%). No change in the state of fermented camphor was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but a 15.41% quantitative increase was confirmed in KCTC 3237. Overall, we conclude that administration of camphor resulted in overexpression of SMO and modulated the differential expression of Gli1. Animal studies focused on the impact of camphor as an agent to counteract obesity might be considered in the future. Indeed, camphor and similar physiologically active compounds from fermented CI might be developed as new and effective treatments for obesity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 1997

For screening antimutagenic effects, the effects of 95 medicinal plants on the mutagenicity of aflatoxin $B_1$ $(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were investigated using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was reduced over 26% by 2 kinds and 8 kinds of medicinal plant, respectively. Eight plants (Bupleurum falcatum, Corydalis ternata, Gasfrodia elata, Ostericum koreanum, Pinellia ternatia, Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus armeniaca and Rehmannia glutinosa) were also shown to have inhibitory effects on both $AFB_1$ and B(a)P. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was increased over 20% by 46 kinds and 2 kinds, respectively, and 8 medicinal plants (Chrysanthemum indicum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cyperus rotundus, Morus bombycis, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Petasites japonicus, Polygonum multiflorium, Thyja orientalis) increased significantly the mutagenicity of both mutagens. However the 8 plants themself did not show the mutagenicity in SOS Chromotest with S-9 mix alone. This result suggests that the above 8 plants may have the co-mutagenic activities. In two bacterial mutation system, SOS Chromotest and Ames test, the mutagenic or antimutagenic activities of some medicinal plants wire similar except Ostricum koreanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Scutellaria baicalensis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 1986

This study was conducted to provide basic information to breeders and agronomists working with sesame. Grain filling rate were investigated for eight plant types classified by branching habit, capsules per axil, carpels and loculi of a capsule. Two typical cultivars were chosen for plant type among 527 gene pools. Grain filling rate didn't increase with little difference between lower and middle part capsules, Jut significantly decreased in upper part. Grain filling rate of lower part, main stem and center capsules appeared higher than that of upper part, branch and side capsule for grain filling. Mono-capsule setting and unbranched plant type were higher for grain filling than tricapsule setting and branched type due to inactive ripenness on branched capsule. NMB type showed that best maturity and relatively good grain filling in BTB type despite it's largest sink capacity. NTQ and BTQ type appeared poor ripenness because of immaturity of higher part side capsules; however it was believed that there were still possibilities for improving ripenness in 3 capsule and 4 carpels 8 loculi type by the good maturity of 1 capsule and 4 carpels 8 loculi type.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 1987

Allelopathic activity of dominant upland weed species was determined using aqueous and methanol extracts and dried residues of the weeds. Germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were greatly inhibited by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Portulaca oleracea L., respectively. Great phytotoxicity on both indicator plants occurred by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Capsel/a bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. A complete inhibition in germination and seedling growth of radish was caused by 2% (w/v) methanol extract of A. asiatica. There was about 90% inhibition in germination and seedling growth of sesame due to 2% (w/v) methanol extracts of A. asiatica, P. oleracea and Trifolium repens L. Phytotoxic effects varied with extract solution, weed species and indicator plants employed, indicating that the weed species contained different contents and kinds of allelopathic chemicals. Water potential and pH adjusted to those of the extracts did not affect germination and seedling growth of the indicator plants. Phytotoxicity increased with increasing concentration of the extracts obtained from four suspected alleopathic weeds. Soil-incorporated plant residues of A. asiatica and P. oleracea caused greater phytotoxicity on radish than those of C. bursa-pastoris and T. repens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2019

In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of imported whole sesame oil (WS; WS1, WS2), imported sesame powder oil (SP; SP1, SP2), sesame oil mixed with imported whole sesame and sesame powder (WSP; WSP1, WSP2) were analyzed and their quality characteristics were compared according to the imported raw material type. $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of WS1 were the lowest and the browning index was significantly high. WS2 showed contrasting results. The redness of sesame oil was high due to its high acid value. The correlation value showed a low acid value as the content of saturated fatty acid was high. SP showed low values for antioxidant property and overall preference. The overall preference score of sensory evaluation showed the highest positive correlation with the score, suggesting that SP lacked the unique fragrance. Therefore, SP lacked the specific aroma and antioxidant property.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.s01
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• pp.86-97
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• 1988

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) is probably the most ancient oilseed crop known in the world. The seed of sesame is used in a variety of ways as food. The whole seed may be eaten raw, either roasted or parched, or fed to birds and stock. Sesame oil is used as a salad or cooking oil, in shortening, margarine and in the manufacture of soap. Minor uses are as a fixative in the perfume industry and formerly as a carrier for fatsoluble substances in pharmaceuticals such as penicillin. One of the minor constituents of sesame oil, sesamin, is used for its synergistic effect in pyrethrin insecticides, in addition of a small quantity of this substance markedly increases the effectiveness of fly sprays. The meal remaining after oil extraction can be used as and animal feed-stuff or as manure. In general sesame meal is considered to be equal to cottonseed or soybean meal as a protein supplement for livestock and poultry. It is especially high in certain amino-acids such as methionine, which is low in soybean meal, and thus can be combined with it or similar meal to form a more balanced ration. An attempt to summarize the literature review on quality improvement of sesame was made to discuss the accomplishments of the past and perspectives in the future. The reviews on quality improvement of sesame were mainly discussed in connection with the cultural practices and genetic informations in current status. The emphasis focussed on environmental variation of quality in cultural practices, such as harvest time, variety by location, climatic condition, fertilizer application, and growth regulator treatment. On the genetic variation of quality, it was discussed on variety background, mutation breeding, correlations, and inheritance of quality related characteristics. It also was discussed on relationship between quality and plant traits, storage condition or period, and seed coat color. Moreover, current research status were reviewed on some minor elements such as sesamin, oxalic acid, and trypsin inhibitor. As a results of the review, the lack of an effort to quality improvement in each utilization area was indicated as a problem area. More active efforts for the improvement of quality were also insufficient to incorporate the available genes for quality in breeding method or collection and analysis of breeding materials. Therefore, researches in the future would be recommended to emphasize on these problem areas.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.216-224
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sesame monoculture and sesame in rotation (SR) with maize. soybean. barley or rye on reduction of injury by continous cropping in sesame. Field studies were conducted for 3-years (1995~1997) at the experimental field of the Crop Experiment Station. Compared to CS (continuous sesame). SR treatments turned out to keep more organic matter and higher exchangeable cation concentrations in soils. BS (barley and sesame in a 1-year rotation) and RS (rye and sesame in a 1-yea r rotation) treatments had significantly greater available $P_2O_5$ contents in soils than CS, MS (maize and sesame in a 3-year rotation) and SbS (soybean a nd sesame in a 3-year rotation). The pH of the soils under different treatments were not significantly different. SR treatments exhibited significantly lower bulk density and higher pore space than CS. Soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and N (SMBN) were determined by the chloroform fumigation-extraction method. SMBC and SMBN were significantly higher in soils under BS and RS than those under CS, but only during the 1 year of monitoring. MS and SbS treatments resulted in higher SMBC and SMBN than CS. The occurrence of injury by disease of sesame is the important primary factor of injury by continous cropping, but the disease occurrence with rotation did not decrease in th is experiment. Under CS treatment, the growth and grain of sesame was significantly lower than those under other treatments. Compared to CS, the increments of grain yield of sesame were 68, 63, 57 and 51% for MS, RS, SbS and BS, respectively in the first harvest. In the second harvest, they were 24% for MS, 28% for RS, 20% for SbS and 19% for BS. The average increase ratios during the two years were 41, 41, 34, and 33% for MS, RS, SbS and BS, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.3 s.64
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• pp.123-127
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• 1985

Incidence of the Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum of sesame (var. Kwangsan) was remarkably influenced by seeding date and mean air temperature in the field of two or three year's continuous cropping with sesame in 1983 and 1985. Sesame were seeded on six different dates from April 20 to July 5. Air temperature was checked daily at the meteorological station near the experimental field. Low($16{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and high temperature($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) periods were provisionally devided, based on every ten-day mean daily temperature during field experiment for last ten years, which corresponded to before and after June 15 in Jinju, Gyeong-nam. Infection rates were 83.7%, 68.2% and 59.4% in the plants grown for 55 days (seeding date: April 20), 40 days(May 5) and 25 days(May 20) under low temperature. On the other hand, infection rates were below 3% in those plots seeded during high temperature period. The longer the growth period exposed to low temperature, the higher was infection rates. It is interesting to note that 40 days old seedling or older are prone to severe infection compared to the younger ones, in higher temperature of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, seedlings in vegetative growth stage are less prone to infection than these in reproductive growth stage. The result showed that air temperature during sesame growth was one of the most important factor affecting the incidence of Fusarium wilt. This suggested that sesame crop, which is of tropical origin, has been predisposed to Fusarium wilt, when the plants were exposed to low temperature of $16{\sim}20^{\circ}C$.