• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

Objectives: S-HTP is a projective test of cognitive activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the response characteristics in the S-HTP test as they related to seven emotions and cognitive processes. Methods: 153 students underwent S-HTP testing. 10 students were excluded and a total of 143 students' data was used for the study. 143 students were classified into four groups by SCAT. A survey was conducted on seven emotions and cognitive processes painting the Whole picture, house, tree, and person, and after receiving IRB review exemption, the chi-square test was conducted to check homogeneity of the groups by gender and age. Finally, frequency analysis by constitution for each item was conducted. Results: The reaction characteristics of S-HTP, focusing on the seven emotions and cognitive processes detailed by Korean Medicine, are as follows: 1. The primary sentiment while drawing during S-HTP was 'Joy (hui)' followed by 'Thought (sah)'. 2. The sentiments while painting during the S-HTP test, and the emotions of looking at the picture after the S-HTP test, increased in 'Joy (hui)' and decreased in 'Thought (sah)'. 3. 'Thought (Sah)' was the highest scored process while drawing S-HTP, followed by 'jee (智)'. However, 'ryeo (慮)' was similar to 'jee (智)' in an unclassifiable constitution. Conclusions: The primary characteristics of the S-HTP test response are 'Joy (hui)' and 'Thought (sah)' in emotion, and 'sah (思)' and 'jee (智)' in cognitive processes. Therefore, it is necessary to verify this during the S-HTP test.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

Objectives: Though Sasang Constitution denotes a temperamental personality, the differences in temperament affect pathological vulnerability. The purpose of this study is to establish the criteria based on differences in response patterns of S-HTP test according to the Sasang Constitution in the normal group. Methods: The S-HTP test was administered to 153 students who were tested with the Sasang Constitution Analysis Tool (SCAT). Excluding 10 students, only 143 students' data were was used in this study. The 143 students were classified into four groups by SCAT. The degree of psychology was determined by S-HTP test and the rating scale was developed by two specialists. These data were analyzed by ANOVA with IBM SPSS windows 22.0. Results: The S-HTP test showed significant differences in line and shape and the relationship between each picture, window of house, and the size and root of the tree with regard to the Sasang Constitution. Conclusions: Sasang Constitution showed no differences in S-HTP test, which is influenced by the acquired personality rather than innate personality.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of sponge cake consisting of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% Helianthus tuberosus powder (HTP). With higher HTP contents in sponge cake, pH of sponge cake batter decreased significantly, whereas specific gravity was increased significantly (p<0.05). Meanwhile volume and symmetry indices of sponge cake were inversely proportional to HTP amounts. With higher HTP content in sponge cake, L value (brightness) of crumb significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas a value (redness) significantly increased (p<0.05). b value (yellowness) of crumb in 40% and 50% HTP sponge cakes were significantly different from b value of crumb in 10%, 20% and 30% HTP sponge cakes. In 10~40% HTP sponge cake, L value, a value and b value all decreased significantly with higher HTP content in sponge cake. However in 40% and 50% HTP sponge cakes, there was no significant difference in any value. For texture characteristics, hardness of sponge cake significantly increased while cohesiveness decreased (p<0.05) with higher HTP content in sponge cake. On the other hand, springiness and gumminess of sponge cake did not change. Sponge cake containing 10% HTP showed the highest values for every organoleptic property. The results of this study suggest that sponge cake containing 10% HTP is the most appropriate for quality characteristics. This study also provides a way to increase the quality, texture characteristics, and organoleptic properties of sponge cake while reducing HTP content to less than 10% in order to qualify consumer taste.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2023

Long-term administration of levodopa (L-DOPA) to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly results in involuntary dyskinetic movements, as is known for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) has recently been shown to alleviate LID; however, no biochemical alterations to aberrant excitatory conditions have been revealed yet. In the present study, we aimed to confirm its anti-dyskinetic effect and to discover the unknown molecular mechanisms of action of 5-HTP in LID. We made an LID-induced mouse model through chronic L-DOPA treatment to 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-parkinsonian mice and then administered 5-HTP 60 mg/kg for 15 days orally to LID-induced mice. In addition, we performed behavioral tests and analyzed the histological alterations in the lesioned part of the striatum (ST). Our results showed that 5-HTP significantly suppressed all types of dyskinetic movements (axial, limb, orolingual and locomotive) and its effects were similar to those of amantadine, the only approved drug by Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, 5-HTP did not affect the efficacy of L-DOPA on PD motor manifestations. From a molecular perspective, 5-HTP treatment significantly decreased phosphorylated CREB and ΔFosB expression, commonly known as downstream factors, increased in LID conditions. Furthermore, we found that the effects of 5-HTP were not mediated by dopamine1 receptor (D1)/DARPP32/ERK signaling, but regulated by AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling, which showed different mechanisms with amantadine in the denervated ST. Taken together, 5-HTP alleviates LID by regulating the hyperactivated striatal AKT/mTOR/S6K and CREB/ΔFosB signaling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of rice flour sponge cakes containing 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50% Helianthus tuberosus powder (HTP). As HTP content of sponge cake increased, the pH of sponge cake batter significantly decreased, whereas specific gravity significantly increased (p<0.05). Meanwhile, volume and symmetry indices of sponge cake were inversely proportional to HTP amount. Further, with higher HTP content in sponge cake, L and b values of crumbs significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas a value significantly increased (p<0.05). L, a, and b values of crust significantly increased with higher HTP content. For texture characteristics, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of sponge cake significantly increased (p<0.05),whereas cohesiveness did not significantly change. In the sensory evaluation test, rice sponge cake prepared with 10% HTP showed the highest sensory scores in terms of color, flavor, taste, softness properties, and overall preference. The levels of total polyphenol compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activities of rice sponge cakes significantly increased with higher HTP contents (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that rice sponge cake containing 10% HTP is the most appropriate for quality characteristics and sensory evaluation. This study also provides a way to increase the quality, texture characteristics, and organoleptic properties of sponge cake while reducing HTP content to less than 10% in order to satisfy consumer tastes.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.388-397
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the use of heated tobacco products (HTP) and suicidal behaviors such as suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among adolescents in South Korea. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. Data was from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) performed in 2019 by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Heated tobacco product use was used as a main independent variable and suicide-related behaviors such as suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were applied as dependent variables. Out of 60,100 students, 57,303 responded. Results: HTP use significantly increased the odds of a suicide attempt and suicide planning among adolescents. After controlling for confounders, when comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-2.30) for suicide attempts among adolescents. After controlling the confounders, comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted OR was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.06-1.73) for suicide planning among adolescents. For sadness/despair among adolescents, when comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted OR was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.11-1.50). However, HTP use had no significant association with suicidal ideation among adolescents. Conclusions: Current HTP users were more likely to attempt to commit suicide, and more likely to plan to commit suicide than never HTP users among adolescents. These results may be useful in developing a scientific basis for designing suicide prevention programs targeting adolescents.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2023

Background: The use of heated tobacco products (HTP) causes many adverse health effects. Although the use of HTP by adolescents is prevalent worldwide, research related to it is very limited. There is a considerable lack of research related to the current HTP use rather than ever-HTP use. In particular, research related to predictive factors for current HTP use in adolescents is scarce. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze related characteristics according to the current use of HTP among South Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Seventeenth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). A total of 54,848 students in 2021 were included in this study. Chi-square-test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and chi-square test for trend were used for analyzing related characteristics according to use of HTP. Results: Overall, 715 (1.3%) students responded as having used HTP during the last 30 days among the 54,848 students. It was found that residence type, subjective body type recognition, subjective health recognition, alcohol use, habitual drug experience, close friend current smoking, and conventional cigarette smoking were significantly associated characteristics with the current use of heated tobacco products. Comparing 'very thin recognition' with 'very fat recognition', the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29~2.87) for current use of HTP. Additionally, comparing 'very unhealthy recognition' with 'very healthy recognition', the aOR was 3.82 (95% CI: 2.40~6.07) for current use of HTP. Conclusions: Based on these results, residence type, subjective body type recognition, subjective health recognition, alcohol use, habitual drug experience, close friend current smoking, and conventional cigarette smoking were associated with significantly increased odds of current HTP use. Therefore, the results of this study can provide useful evidence about adolescent behaviors in predicting current HTP use.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 1995

To find serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-antagonizing activities in traditional herbal drugs, crude extracts from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were randomly screened for inhibitory effects on 5-hydroxytryptophan(HTP)-induced diarrhea in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg) induced diarrhea in 92% of mice, when observed from 10 to 15 min after injection. Crude extracts(2 g/kg) from 66 kinds of traditional herbal drugs were orally pretreated for 1 h before 5-HTP injection. Of the 66 herbal drugs screened, Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Cimicifugae Rhizoma(升麻), Anisi stellati Fructus(八角茴香), Aurantii Fructus(枳實), Polygalae Radix(遠志) showed the most potent inhibiting activities against 5-HTP(2.5 mg/kg)-induced diarrhea in mice. There are at least 3 possible mechanisms that would be responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea; 1) crude extract-induced inhibition of the activity of aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase catalyzing the conversion of 5-HTP to 5-HT, 2) crude extract-induced blockade of 5-HT receptor(s) in the gastrointestinal tract responsible for 5-HTP-induced diarrhea, 3) crude extract-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal activity, irrespective of 5-HT system. The exact mechanisms and molecules, responsible for the inhibitory effect of crude extracts on 5-HTP-induced diarrhea remain to be clarified.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.227-248
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2017

This study made macaroon with the addition of Helianthus tuberosus L. powder so as to increase the application of Helianthus tuberosus L. powder (HTP) to food products and look into the quality characteristics depending on an addition ratio. Helianthus tuberosus L. powder 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were added, respectively, to make macaroon. As Helianthus tuberosus L. powder was added more, the moisture content tended to decrease more significantly (p<0.001). As Helianthus tuberosus L. powder was added more, lightness and yellowness tended to reduce more significantly (p<0.001). As Helianthus tuberosus L. powder was added more, the content of total phenol compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased (p<0.001). In terms of texture analysis, hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness and chewiness were significantly increased, as the Helianthus tuberosus L. powder was increased (p<0.05). In terms of sensory test, regarding taste, 0.5% HTP group had the highest points. And as color, flavor, and texture were improved, 1.5% HTP showed the most desirable result in terms of overall acceptability. Results, if Helianthus tuberosus L. powder is added for cooking macaroon, it seems to increase anti-oxidation function and develop functional macaroon with excellent sensory factors.