• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

The evaluation of soundness of pile is very important for the safety of super structure. In this paper, the HWAW(Harmonic Wavelet Analysis of Wave) method which is developed to determine phase and group velocities of waves is applied to evaluate integrity of pile non-destructivly. The proposed method can evaluate a soundness of pile and pile end condition which is very important factor for pile behaviour. To verity the applicability of HWAW method in non-destructive test for pile, the numerical simulation test using ABAQUS was performed. And the model pile was made and the proposed non-destructive pile tests were applied to evaluate soundness and end boundary condition of model pile in the air and soil box. Through a numerical simulation and model tests, it is shown that the HWAW method has good potential of applying to the evaluation of pile integrity.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-156
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• 2016

Media scholars take a lion stake in power circle. Not only do they take a part in media policies but seize prestigious positions like board members in Korea Communication Commission(KCC). Unfortunately, though, little has been known about who they are, what qualifications they have, and whether they meet public interests. This paper attempts to unveil the mechanism of those politicized intellectuals who are specialized on the media. Two categories divided into 'representative' and 'expertise' are employed for this purpose. On the one hand, the representative means the degree of committment into such public services as participation in conferences or non-profit organizations. On the other hand, the number of research articles, books and projects belong to the expertise. Evaluation levels consist of 'excellence, good and average' were allocated to those scholars who are(were) in 'Power Hole,' where decision makings come into being. Some interesting observations were made though this study. First of all, such criteria as representative and expertise vaguely suggested by the laws were hardly fit into those intellectuals, Rarely did they commit into public service let alone showing vigilance in academic activities. Secondly, both ideological loyalty and political activities in line with the government had much to do with taking such positions. Thirdly, not surprisingly, it showed that to graduate from Seoul National University and have Ph.D. degree from U.S.A. was one of the most essential factors. In final, most of them were very good at taking advantage of the press in way of boosting their publicity. To attend at policy making processes either in form of board members or advisers is inevitable for media experts. However, as shown in this study, such qualification of public service and academic eagerness shouldn't be underestimated. Academic integrity not selling intelligence solely for private interests needs to be protected as well. The authors hope this study to provide a valuable opportunity to establish a kind of ethical standards in participating into politics.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.719-730
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• 2020

Recognizing a complexity of global water challenges, such as water shortage, water pollution, water-related disasters, and degradation of water environments, this study introduces the newly established concept and definition of water security and water security assessment framework based on the review of previous works on water security. In order to critically assess the situations of water security of each country, an water security assessment framework is employed highlighting the four core areas: 1) social equity; 2) economic efficiency; 3) environmental sustainability; and 4) resilience to water-related disasters. 28 Asian countries have been selected and evaluated for the level of water security, and as a consequence, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea demonstrate a high degree of water security whereas India, Pakistan and the Philippines show a relatively low level of water security. The significance of this study lies in clarifying weak areas in water security as well as suggesting the areas that should be improved for achieving sustainable water management.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2008

Fault rupture directivity of the Odaesan earthquake, which was inferred to be the main cause of the high PGAvalue (> 0.1 g) unusually observed at the near-source region, was analyzed by using the data from the nearby (R < 100 km) dense seismic stations. The Boatwright's method (2007) was adopted for this purpose in which the azimuth and takeoff angle of the unilateral rupture directivity function could be estimated based on the relative peak ground-motions of seismic stations resulting from the nature of the rupture directivity. In this study, the approximate values of the relative peak ground-motions was derived from the difference between the log residuals of the point-source spectral model (Boore, 2003) for the main and secondary events based on the Random Vibration Theory. In this derivation, the spectral difference for a frequency range between the source corner frequencies of main and secondary events was considered to reflect only the effect of the fault directivity. The inversion result of the model parameters for the fault directivity function showed that the fault-plane of NWW-SEE direction dipping steeply to the North with high rupture velocity near upward in SE direction is responsible for the observed high level of ground-motion at the near-source region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2020

일반적인 연안 해역에서 창조지속시간과 낙조지속시간은 거의 동일한 수준을 보여 조위곡선은 대칭적인 형태를 띠게 된다. 그러나 M4분조나 MS4분조와 같은 천해조가 발달된 해역에서는 그 모체가 되는 M2분조나 S2분조와의 상대적인 위상차에 따라 조위곡선이 비대칭적인 형상을 띠기도 한다. 창조지속시간이 길 경우 낙조시 최대조류속이 크게 되는 낙조우세가 형성되는 반면 낙조지속시간이 길 경우에는 반대로 창조우세가 형성된다. 소류사의 움직임은 유속의 6승에까지 비례하므로 이러한 최대조류속 차이에 따라 창조우세 또는 낙조우세 해역에서 소류사 이동량에는 큰 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 감조하천의 경우 상류로 갈수록 창조우세화하는 것이 일반적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 국내에서는 금강을 비롯한 군산해역이 대표적이다. 창조우세인 군산해역과 반대로 영산강하구 및 목포해역의 경우 낙조우세를 보이고 있는데, 그 근원은 황해에서의 순환특성과 함께 목포해역 인근의 드넓은 조간대에 기인하는 것으로 추정하고 있다. 특히 인접한 무안만에서는 낙조지속시간이 창조지속시간에 비해 2시간 이상 짧아 국내에서 가장 심한 수준의 낙조우세를 보이고 있으며, 영산강하구 낙조우세의 근원으로 평가되고 있다. 한편 조간대가 발달된 해역은 천해조 생성에 따라 낙조우세 경향이 있음과 관련하여 Kang and Moon(2001)은 조간대가 조석파의 전파와 천해조 발생에 미치는 영향성에 대하여 수치실험을 통해 연구한 결과 무안만의 낙조우세는 조간대의 발달에 기인함을 재확인한 바 있다. 따라서 낙조 우세를 수치모형을 통해 재현하기 위해서는 조간대 모의가 필수적임과 동시에 낙조우세를 재현하기 위해서는 천해조 개방경계 설정이 필요하다고 알려져 있다. 또한 이렇게 천해조가 발달된 하구에서 조석비대칭 현상은 퇴적물 이동에 직접적인 영향을 미치게 되는데 Kang et al.(2002)은 소류사 및 부유사 이동에서 이러한 영향성에 대한 연구를 수행한 바 있다. 그 결과 천해조가 발달된 이러한 해역에서 퇴적물 이동과 관련된 수치모의시 M2분조와 같은 천문조 경계조건에 부가하여 M4분조의 천해조까지 포함시킬 것을 제안한 바 있다. 이와 같이 하구역에서는 천해조 발달로 인해 조석비대칭이 두드러지게 발달되어 있는 경우가 많으며, 감조하천 상류로 갈수록 비대칭은 더욱 심화되는 경향이 있다. 따라서 감조하천 하류부에서 조석을 고려한 경계조건을 부여하여 하천의 흐름양상을 수치적으로 모의할 경우 천해조가 발달된 하구역에서는 천해조가 포함된 경계조건은 필수적이라 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.268-279
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• 1994

The x-ray powtler pattern of single phase $Bi_2S_2CaCu_2O_{8+x}$ has been identified and fullyindexed using a pseudotetragonal subcell with a= 5.408, c = 30.83 $\AA$ and an incommensurate supercellwith reciprocal lattice vector, X$q^*$, given by $q^*=0.211b^*-c^*$. The x -ray powder pattern of the Pb-free110K superconductor phase "$Bi_2S_2CaCu_2O_{10+x}$" has many lines which belong t.o an incommensuratesupercell. Using elect.ron d~ffraction pImt.ographs as a indexing guide, an indexing scheme for the powderpattern has been obtained. The unit cell has a geometrically orthorhombic subcell a=5.411, b= 5.420, c=37.29(2) $\AA$. Supercell reflections have indices that are derived from the subcell k, 1 indices by addition uf$\pm q^*$, where $\pm q^*=0.211b^*-0.78c^*$The incommensurate con~ponent In the b dwection, $\delta$, is the same for both phases but on going from2212 to 2223 phase, the superlattic component in the c direction changes from commensurate($\varepsilon$=1) toincommensurate($\varepsilon$=0.78).X>$\varepsilon$=0.78).

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.117
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• pp.35-55
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• 2011

This article purports to clarify the doctrinal characteristics of the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ school's hermeneutic interpretations of the "theory of the three turns of the Dharma Cakra" in the Saṃdbinirmocana-sūtra through early Indian $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ treatises such as the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}rabb{\bar{u}}mi-vy{\bar{a}}kby{\bar{a}}$ and the. $Vy{\bar{a}}khy{\bar{a}}yukti$. It will probe how these interpretations apply co the theory of two truths or that of three natures($trisvabh{\bar{a}}va$) among the main doctrines of the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ school. Especially, the peculiar characteristic of the "theory of the three turns of the Dharma Cakra" is such chat the thought of ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyat{\bar{a}}$ in the lineage of $Praj{\bar{n}}{\bar{a}}p{\bar{a}}ramita-s{\bar{u}}tras$ is regarded as incomplete, as the early school of Madhyamaka represented by $N{\bar{a}}g{\bar{a}}rjuna$ is conceived of as belonging to the second period of turn. Speaking of the further details of the "theory of the three turns of the Dharma Cakra", the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ school subdivides the realm of saṃvṛti satya in $N{\bar{a}}g{\bar{a}}rjuna^{\prime}s$ theory of two truths; that is, it divides the saṃvṛti into merely linguistic existence and actual existence, and the thus-created structure of the theory of three natures on the basis of ocher-dependent nature(paratantra-$svabh{\bar{a}}va$) makes it possible to establish the doctrinal system of the thought of ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyat{\bar{a}}$ that is not subject to "nihilism or ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyat{\bar{a}}$ attached to evil." In effect, the above hermeneutic interpretation of the "theory of the three turns of the Dharma Cakra" is inherited into the structure of the $abh{\bar{u}}taparikalpa$ in the $Madhy{\bar{a}}nta-vibh{\bar{a}}ga$ so that, as seen in the commentary of Sthiramati, it is ascertained to apply to later doctrines through its secure establishment. To summarize its characteristics succinctly, firstly the $abh{\bar{u}}taparikalpa$ newly established as a saṃvṛti-satya is set up as the other-dependent nature, which is seen to have been set up particularly in order to sublate both the $Sarv{\bar{a}}stiv{\bar{a}}da^{\prime}s$ realist "view of being" and the Madhyamaka's "view of ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyat{\bar{a}}$" that impairs the ocher-dependent nature as a samvṛti-satya. In other words, according to the five kinds of views suggested in Sthiramati's commentary, the three natures are seen to be presented as the fundamental truth in order to unify all the doctrinal systems available ever since the beginning of Buddhism. Then, the theory of three natures is established principally on the basis of the $abh{\bar{u}}taparikalpa$, while the two truths of the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ school are clearly ascertained to have been embedded in the structure of the $abh{\bar{u}}taparikalpa$. In fact, this might be understood to reflect the unique ontological view of reality or truth in the $Yog{\bar{a}}c{\bar{a}}ra$ School.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1068-1072
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• 2005

조석이란, 해면의 완만한 주기적 승강을 말하며, 보통 그 승강은 1일 약 2회이나, 곳에 따라서는 1일 1회의 곳도 있다. 조석에 있어서는 이 밖에 수일의 주기를 갖는 약간 불규칙한 승강, 반년, 또는 1년을 주기로 하는 다소 규칙적인 승강까지 포함하여 취급한다. 그러나, 각 항만마다 갖는 특정적인 주기인 수분내지 수십분의 주기의 승강은 조석으로 취급하지 않는다. 조석은 해양의 제현상 중에서 예측가능성이 가장 큰 현장으로 이는 조석이 천체의 운행과 연관되기 때문이다. 조석이란 지구로부터 일정한 거리에서 각 고유의 속도를 가지는 적도상을 운행하는 무수의 가상천체에 기인하는 규칙적인 개개의 조석을 합성한 것이며 이 개개의 조석을 분조(Constituent)라 한다. 여기에서 사용되는 신경망 모형은 입력과 출력으로 구성되는 블랙박스 모형으로서 하나의 시스템을 병렬적으로 비선형적으로 구축할 수 있다는 장점 때문에 과거 하천유역의 강우-유출과정에서의 경우 유출현상을 해석하고 유출과정을 모형화 하기 위해 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 조위 예측방법인 조화분석법이 아닌 인공신경망을 이용하여 조위예측을 실시하였다. 학습이라는 최적화 과정을 통해 구조와 기능이 복잡한 자연현상을 그대로 받아들여 축적시킴으로써 이를 지식으로 현상에 대한 재현능력이 뛰어나고, 또한 신경회로망의 연상기억능력에 적용하여 수학적으로 표현이 불가능한 불확실한 조위곡선에 적용하기에 유리한 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 과거 조위이론을 통해 이루었던 조위예측을 우리가 알기 쉬운 여러 기후인자(해면기압, 풍향, 풍속, 음력 등)에 따른 조위곡선을 예측하기 위해 신경망 모형을 이용하여 여수지역의 조위에 적용하여 비교 분석하고자 한다. May가 제안한 공식을 더 확장하여 적용할 수 있는 실험 공식으로 개선하였으며 다양한 조건에 대한 실험을 수행하여 보다 정밀한 공식으로 개선할 수 있었다.$10,924m^3/s$ 및 $10,075m^3/s$로서 실험 I의 $2,757m^3/s$에 비해 통수능이 많이 개선되었음을 알 수 있다.함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2002

This paper describes the performance evaluation and analysis of an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system having the least Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) in a multi-path fading channel environment. Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN) in accordance with IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b provides high-speed transmission to universities, businesses and other various places. In addition, service providers can offer a public W-LAN service on restricted areas such as a subway. The proliferation of W-LAN has led to greater W-LAN service demands, but problems are also on the rise in offering a good W-LAN service. In particular, urban areas with high radio wave interference and many buildings are vulnerable to deteriorated QoS including disconnected data and errors. For example, when high-speed data is transmitted in such areas, the relatively high frequency generates ISI between Access Points (AP) and Mobile Terminals (such as a notebook computer), leading to a frequency selective fading channel environment. Consequently, it is difficult to expect a goodW-LAN service. The simulation proves that the OFDM system enables W-LAN to implement QoS in high-speed data transmission in a multi-path fading channel environment. The enhanced OFDM performance with 52 sub-carriers is verified via data modulation methods such as BPSK, QPSK and 16QAM based on IEEE 802.11a and punched convolutional codes with code rate of 1/2 and 3/4 and constraint length of 7. Especially, the simulation finds that the OFDM system has better performance and there is no data disconnection even in a mobile environment by applying a single tap equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer to a mobile channel environment with heavy fading influence. Given the above result, the OFDM system is an ideal solution to guarantee QoS of the W-LAN service in a high-speed mobile environment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.53-75
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• 2018

It is commonly emphasized that the metaphor of the monster is a rhetoric universally used to identify the "main enemy" of a society, for its effective function is seen as useful for the uniting of citizens to bend together to survive or succeed before the external threat. The problem of this metaphor is that it homogenizes and dehumanizes the heterogeneous individual members of the subsequently identified enemy group. This study emphasizes the importance of some traits of the posthuman subject, such as the flexibility and the multiplicity of consciousness, to overcome the otherizing binary perspective which is commonly held regarding the concepts of good and evil. To observe specific dimensions of the posthuman consciousness, we analyze three films based on Spanish history and reality: The Spirit of the Beehive, The Day of the Beast and Pan's Labyrinth. All of these films progress around the figure of the enemy-monster(s), showing how to transgress the dichotomous structure of consciousness that defines the self/good dividing it from the other/evil. The heroes in the films seek to overcome the fear about the monster, and approach him to discover new ethical horizons, that can emerge only when an individual's consciousness chooses to stay on the border between the established beliefs and the unfamiliar voice of the dangerous stranger(s).