• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Steroid hormone is known to cause the dynamic changes of mammalian uterus during reproductive cycle, which are modulated via hypothalamus-pituitary -gonad reproductive endocrine axis. Although there were so many studies about estrogenic regulation of uterine growth and differentiation. There is little information about the effect of estrogen on the expression of various transcription factors involved in gene expression. Thus the present study was designed to demonstrate E induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, hsp25 mRNA in rat uterus. Employing Northern blot analysis, we studied the temporal expressions of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) elicited by a single 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment in the uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized adult rats. c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels were increased and peaked at 3h after E administration, and then c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were rapidly decreased to basal control level while, increased hsp25 mRNA levels were sustained till 12h post E treatment. To test the estrogenic effect on the increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels, we also examined the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen). Pretreatment with tamoxifen effectively blocked the E-induced increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels at 3h post E treatment. Present results suggest that transient increase of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene mRNA at the early time and simultaneous expression of hsp25 mRNA contribute to the response of uterine tissues to E in adult female rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

The effects of media, cholesterol, $\beta$-sitosterol and lecithin on the growth and oospore production of the isolates KM10, U6, CDB6, MHB6, JD1 (A$^2$type) of Phytophthora infestans isolated in Korea and F8l7, DNC303 (A$^1$type), IB908, DN107 (A$^2$type) obtained from Japan were investigated. Mycelium of P. infestans grew better on V-8 juice agar and rye meal agar than on the other media. Oospores were produced most abundantly on V-8 juice agar. Mycelium extended more 16.6, 8.3, and 5.2% on V-8 juice agar supplemented with 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of cholesterol, $\beta$-sitosterol and lecithin, respectively, and oospores are produced 76.0, 58.0, and 34.6 % on V-8juice agar supplemented with 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of cholesterol, $\beta$-sitosterol and lecithin, respectively. Oospores more produced on detached potato plant disks when $A^1$ and $A^2$ type exist simultaneously which indicating that variation of population can occur in the field, but the rate of oospore formation and the number of oospores produced was low and small quantity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find optimum mixed sowing ratio of green manure crops to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer as well as to increase the crop yield potential which will foster the utilization of green manure crops in the upland field in view of environment friendly agriculture. According to the study, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley showed highest nitrogen production yield in the soil due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the 50:50 mixed ratio of hairy vetch and green barely total nitrogen amount in the soil showed 17.2kg per 10a, but in the other treatment ratio such as 75:25, 25:75. total nitrogen fixation amount were 16.7, 16.9 respectively. We also conducted the experiment to compare the effect of the mixed sowing treatment of green manure crops on the production of corn cultivated as a succeeding plant of hairy vetch. According to the result, the mixed ratio, 50:50, of hairy vetch and green barley treatment showed highest yield potential of corn as 153kg per 10a in seed weight which is due to the relatively higher organic nitrogen supply from the hairy vetch plant as well as nitrogen fixation from the air rather than other mixed ratio. In the mixed sowing treatment of hairy vetch 100 and barley 0 ratio, the corn production showed 148kg per 10a which is 5kg lower than that of hairy vetch 50 and barley 50 ratio, but showed statistically no difference between those two treatment. Otherwise, different treatments, such as hairy vetch 75 and barley 25, 25 and 75, 0 and 100 showed statistically different each other. Therefore, it was concluded that green manure crops, such as hairy vetch, green barley and rye were very effective crops to increase the soil fertility and gave the positive effect to the crops to give vegetative and propagative growth condition and, in turn, increased the yield potential. We have to make policy to enhance the utility of green manure crops in the upland crops as well as faddy field for the soil fertility and crop yield production which will guarantee prominent quality of environment friendly agriculture products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 2013

Soybean oil was stored in polyethylene for 12 weeks at $20^{\circ}C$. The influence of LED (light emitting diode) irradiation on four different wavelengths and fluorescent light was investigated. The pattern changes of volatile components in soybean oil was analyzed by electronic nose based on mass spectrometer. The obtained data from electronic nose were analyzed by discrimination function analysis. Under fluorescent light, the discriminant function first score (DF1) was significantly moved from positive position to negative one after 4-12 weeks. It means that the volatile compounds related to quality of lipid. It was shown to increase slowly due to green light of LED treatment, while blue and white LED light was influenced significantly as well as fluorescent light irradiation. Selection of LED irradiation would provide to keep good quality of soybean oil under distribution chain system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

We aimed to investigate the responses of soil organisms to cover plants and to provide information for the selection of proper plant species. We studied the effects of 7 cover plants, including rye, oat, rattail fescue, Chinese milk vetch, red clover, crimson clover, and hairy vetch, on soil organisms in an apple orchard. An increase in the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and in the number of nematodes and microarthropods in the soil under the cover plants reflects elevated activities of soil organisms. A decrease in the level of some marker PLFA, which is an indicator of environmental stress, suggests that cover plants provide favorable environments for soil organisms. The population of fungi and animals that feed on fungi increased in the soil surface under red clover. The population density of nematodes and mites increased in the soil surface under rattail fescue, and that of mites and omnivorous nematodes increased in the soil surface under Chinese milk vetch. The level of microbial PLFA in the soil surfaces under the tested cover plants was higher than that under clean culture system. These results suggest that proper selection of the cover plants can facilitate the creation of favorable environments for soil organisms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

Changes of control efficacy of chemical to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potato fields from 2001 to 2004 were examined. Control efficacy of metalaxyl was suddenly decreased from 100% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 and that of dimethomorph also was similar to those of metalaxyl. However, the control efficacy of ethaboxam no great change. Both A1 and A2 mating type isolates were isolated from 2001 to 2004 in several areas in Korea. The majority of the P. infestans isolates were A1 mating type. Total 939 isolates of P. infestans obtained from several areas in Korea from 2001 to 2004 were examined for changes of sensitivity to metalaxyl. Frequencies of metalaxyl resistance isolates were gradually increased from 17% in 2001 to 84.2% in 2004, but isolation frequencies of metalaxyl sensitive and intermediate resistant isolate were decreased. Cause of decreasing control efficacy of metalaxyl was thought by increase of resistance isolates in A1 mating type population according to increasing metalaxyl use. Most isolates were grown at 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph and isolates grown at 1 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph were approximately 10.2-22.9%. However, no isolate was able to grow at 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Based on these results, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of dimethomorph to P. infestans were determined to be 0.5-1.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Our results indicated that the reason decreasing control efficacy of dimethomorph was not caused by occurrence of resistant isolates. About 5% and 12.1% isolates among the total isolates collected in 2003 and 2004 were grown on V-8 juice rye agar containing 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml ethaboxam. The 2.1 and 25.4% isolates had MICs of 0.2-0.4 ${\mu}g/ml, and MIC values of 87.9% and 74.3% isolates were less than 0.2 ${\mu}g/ml concentrations of ethaboxam. Therefore, resistance development by P. infestans to ethaboxam is not likely to occur in the natural condition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.672-678
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• 2012

Colitis and constipation are the most common intestinal complaints worldwide. This study examined the beneficial effects of sea cucumber powder for TNBS-induced colitis in ICR mice(n=6/group) and loperamide-induced constipation in rats(n=8/group). Animals were divided into normal and four dried see cucumber treated groups that were named Nor, Con(0 mg/kg), GI(30 mg/kg), GII(100 mg/kg) and GIII(300 mg/kg). In order to induce colitis and constipation, 5% TNBS was injected into distal colon and loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice a day, peroral) was treated for 5 day in the four experimental groups but not the normal group. Gross finding score was decreased tendency by oral administration of sea cucumber in colitis-induced animal model, but colonic weight was not different. Excreted fecal pellet number, weight and water content were increased in the sea cucumber-treated group compared to the non-treated group. The fecal pellet number was reduced within distal colon of the sea cucumber-treated groups. Interestingly, intestinal transit length was increased compared to the non-treated group. Our results demonstrated that colitis and constipation were improved by sea cucumber treatment in the animal models. Specifically, gross finding score in TNBS-induced colitis model was improved by sea cucumber. After animals being fed sea cucumber, excreted fecal number, weight, water contents, and fecal number within distal colon and colonic transit length also get better in loperamide-induced constipation model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2007

In recent years, rate control is an important technique in real time video communication applications using H.264/AVC. Many existing rate control algorithms employ the quadratic rate-distortion model, which is determine the target bits for each P frame. In this paper, a new rate control algorithm for transmission of H.264/AVC video bit stream through CBR(Constant Bit Rate) channel is proposed. The proposed algorithm predicts an adaptive QP(Quantization Parameter) for improving video distortion, due to high motion and abruptly scene change, which target bit rate and MAD(Mean of Absolute Difference) for current frame considering image complexity variance between previous and current frames. Additionally, it uses frame skip technique to maintain bit stream within a manageable range and protect buffer from overflow or underflow. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives a quality improvement of about 0.5dB when compared to previous rate control algorithm. Also our proposed algorithm encodes the video sequences with less frame skipping compared to the existing rate control for H.264/AVC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.668-674
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• 2013

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of eating behavior, physical status and tendency of eating disorder on the right eating habit. The subjects of this study were 324 middle school students and 340 high school students in Osan city GyeongGi province. The average of weight and height in the middle and high school students were 48.7kg, 160.0cm and 56.8kg, 164.8cm respectively. In PIBW values, 92.9% of middle school students and 99.1% of high school students were almost close to the average. The 28.5% of high school and 21.5% of middle school students were aware of themselves as overweight. The risk of eating disorders in high school students(16.4%) were higher than that in middle school students(4.9%). Moreover, the risk of eating disorders in girls high school students(19.3%) was significantly higher than those of middle school students(5.2%) (p<0.001). The thought of food problems were realized in 57.4% of in high school students and in 39.9% of in middle school students. The intake of food group frequency, middle school students ate more fruit than high school students(p<0.01). Boys ate more frequently soy beans (p<0.05) and algae(p<0.1) than girls in high school students. The meat intake was more frequent in high school students, but the eggs and milk were more in middle school students. The boys' intakes of fish and milk were more often than the girls' in high school students. Eating disorders and food intake frequency scores were closely correlated with weights(PIBW and the gap of ideal. weight with real weight). In conclusion, the education about realizing exact healthy body shape and how to modify behavior to prevent eating disorders should be planned since junior high school. Especially in high school girls, the variety food intake education would be needed. Proper recognition of the weight is required for good food intake and for prevent eating disorders.