• 전기화학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2011

Ru black을 고분자 전해질 연료전지용 cathode 촉매로 사용했을 때 초기에는 연료전지 성능이 낮게 나타났으나, 일련의 실험을 거치는 동안 연료전지 성능이 점차 증가되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이는 Ru black의 전기화학적 환원으로 인한 것으로 판단되는대, Ru black 촉매에 외부에서 가해지는 전압과 그 전압을 가하는 시간을 변화시켜 본 결과 0.1V를 30분 이상 가하게 되면 Ru black의 성능 향상이 극대화 되었다. 성능 향상 원인을 확인해 보기 위해 수소 분위기 하에서 환원된 Ru black과 XRD patterns을 비교한 결과, Ru black 촉매가 전기화학적 환원처리를 통해 완전히 metallic Ru으로 전환되었다고 판단하기는 어려웠다. 또한 Ru black을 이용해 전기화학적 환원 처리 전후의 CO stripping voltammetry를 비교해 본 결과, Ru black 중에 일부는 metallic Ru으로 환원되었지만, 일부의 Ru이 반대편 전극으로 제거됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 과정 중에 제거된 Ru이 연료전지 성능에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 제시된 Ru black의 전기화학적 처리 과정을 통해서 일부의 Ru은 반대쪽 전극으로 제거되고, 산화된 상태로 존재하는 일부의 Ru이 metallic Ru으로 변화됨으로서 연료전지 성능이 향상된 것으로 사료된다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2002

비정질 루테늄 산화물을 사용한 수퍼캐패시터를 개발하였다. 삼염화루테늄 수화물$(RuCl_3{\cdot}xH_2O)$로부터 제조한 비정질의 이산화루테늄 수화물$(RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O)$을 사용하여 수퍼캐패시터 전극을 제조하였다. 집전체로는 티타늄 및 STS 304박막에 비해 보다 넓은 전위창을 가지는 탄탈륨 박막을 사용하였다. 제조한 전극과 4.8M 황산 전해액을 사용하여 수퍼캐패시터를 제조하였다. 전극의 비정전용량은 순환전위전류분석에서 미분 최대 값으로 산화 및 환원 과정 각각 710 및 $645\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$이었으며, 평균값은 $521\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$으로 나타났다. 수퍼캐패시터를 포화카로멜기준전극에 대하여 0.5 V로 protonation level을 조정하고, 충방전 시험한 바, $151\;F/g-RuO_2{\cdot}nH_2O$의 비정전용량을 나타내었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.89.1-89.1
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• 2010

Since Gratzel and co-workers developed a new type of solar cell based on the nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ electrode, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention on account of their high solar energy-to-conversion efficiencies (11%), their easy manufacturing process with low cost production compared to conventional p-n junction solar cells. The mechanism of DSSC is based on the injection of electrons from the photoexcited dye into the conduction band of nanocrystalline $TiO_2$. The oxidized dye is reduced by the hole injection process from either the hole counter or electrolyte. Thus, the electronic structures, such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO gap, of dye molecule in DSSC are deeply related to the electron transfer by photoexcitation and redox potential. To date, high performance and good stability of DSSC based on Ru-dyes as a photosensitizer had been widely addressed in the literatures. DSSC with Ru-bipyridyl complexes (N3 and N719), and the black ruthenium dye have achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 11.2% and 10.4%, respectively. However, the Ru-dyes are facing the problem of manufacturing costs and environmental issues. In order to obtain even cheaper photosensitizers for DSSC, metal-free organic photosensitizers are strongly desired. Metal-free organic dyes offer superior molar extinction coefficients, low cost, and a diversity of molecular structures, compared to conventional Ru-dyes. Recently, novel photosensitizers such as coumarin, merocyanine, cyanine, indoline, hemicyanine, triphenylamine, dialkylaniline, bis(dimethylfluorenyl)-aminophenyl, phenothiazine, tetrahydroquinoline, and carbazole based dyes have achieved solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies up to 5-9%. On the other hand, organic dye molecules have large ${\pi}$-conjugated planner structures which would bring out strong molecular stacking in their solid-state and poor solubility in their media. It was well known that the molecular stacking of organic dyes could reduce the electron transfer pathway in opto-electronic devices, significantly. In this paper, we have studied on synthesis and characterization of dendritic organic dyes with different number of electron acceptor/anchoring moieties in the end of dendrimer. The photovoltaic performances and the incident photon-to-current (IPCE) of these dyes were measured to evaluate the effects of the dendritic strucuture on the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.117.2-117.2
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• 2011

Since Gratzel and co-workers developed a new type of solar cell based on the nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention on account of their high solar energy-to-conversion efficiencies (11%), their easy manufacturing process with low cost production compared to conventional p-n junction solar cells. The mechanism of DSSC is based on the injection of electrons from the photoexcited dye into the conduction band of nanocrystalline TiO2. The oxidized dye is reduced by the hole injection process from either the hole counter or electrolyte. Thus, the electronic structures, such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO gap, of dye molecule in DSSC are deeply related to the electron transfer by photoexcitation and redox potential. To date, high performance and good stability of DSSC based on Ru-dyes as a photosensitizer had been widely addressed in the literatures. DSSC with Ru-bipyridyl complexes (N3 and N719), and the black ruthenium dye have achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 11.2% and 10.4%, respectively. However, the Ru-dyes are facing the problem of manufacturing costs and environmental issues. In order to obtain even cheaper photosensitizers for DSSC, metal-free organic photosensitizers are strongly desired. Metal-free organic dyes offer superior molar extinction coefficients, low cost, and a diversity of molecular structures, compared to conventional Ru-dyes. Recently, novel photosensitizers such as coumarin, merocyanine, cyanine, indoline, hemicyanine, triphenylamine, dialkylaniline, bis(dimethylfluorenyl)-aminophenyl, phenothiazine, tetrahydroquinoline, and carbazole based dyes have achieved solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies up to 5-9%. On the other hand, organic dye molecules have large ${\pi}$-conjugated planner structures which would bring out strong molecular stacking in their solid-state and poor solubility in their media. It was well known that the molecular stacking of organic dyes could reduce the electron transfer pathway in opto-electronic devices, significantly. In this paper, we have studied on synthesis and characterization of dendritic organic dyes with different number of electron acceptor/anchoring moieties in the end of dendrimer. The photovoltaic performances and the incident photon-to-current (IPCE) of these dyes were measured to evaluate the effects of the dendritic strucuture on the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2016

Mast cells are primary mediators of allergic inflammation. Beta-1,3-glucan (BG) protects against infection and shock by activating immune cells. Activation of the BG receptor induces an increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, which may induce exocytosis. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying BG activation of immune cells and the possible role of mitochondria in this process. The present study examined whether BG induced mast cell degranulation, and evaluated the role of calcium transients during mast cell activation. Our investigation focused on the role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in BG-induced degranulation. Black mouse (C57) bone marrow-derived mast cells were stimulated with $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ BG, $100{\mu}g/ml$ peptidoglycan (PGN), or $10{\mu}M$ A23187 (calcium ionophore), and dynamic changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium and membrane potential were monitored. BG-induced mast cell degranulation occurred in a time-dependent manner, and was significantly reduced under calcium-free conditions. Ruthenium red, a mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter blocker, significantly reduced mast cell degranulation induced by BG, PGN, and A23187. These results suggest that the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter has an important regulatory role in BG-induced mast cell degranulation.