• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1379-1388
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• 2000

Ethanol extracts from Ruta graveolens Linne exhibited strong antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion method against 5 strains of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19111, ATCC 19112, ATCC 19113, ATCC 19114 and ATCC 15313). Ethanol extract from Ruta graveolens Linne was subsequently fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Chloroform fraction of Ruta graveolens Linne showed strong growth inhibition at concentrations as low as 40 ppm level in broth culture medium against 5 strains of L. monocytogenes for 72 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. Single substance(RTG1-1) was isolated by silica gel column chromatography from chloroform fraction of Ruta graveolens Linne. RTG1-1 showed a strong bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 20 ppm level. Purified RTG1-1 was identified as gravacridonechlorine by analyses of EI-Mass, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2003

The effects of ethanol extract of Ruta graveolens on ulceration induced by ethanol and wound healing properties were investigated in mice. Oral administration of the extract reduced the incidence of ulcer, ulcer index and ulcer length produced by ethanol. The gastroprotective effects of R. graveolens were observed in a dose-dependent manner. However, this activity was statistically less potent than the anti-ulcer drug, omeprazole. When the extract applied on the wound, it promoted wound healing in mice. The wound contraction was faster in these mice when compared to untreated wounds. Based on these present findings, R. graveolens possesses anti-ulcer activity and promotes incision wound healing in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2016

The insecticidal activities of the essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea millefolium, Anethum graveolens, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Citrus paradisi, Chrysanthemum indicum, Eucalyptus dives, Neroli bigard, Nigella sativa, and Ruta graveolens against stored-grain insects, Plodia interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum larvae and adults were evaluated using fumigant and contact bioassays. Based on the $LD_{50}$ values in fumigant bioassay, A. millefolium ($0.12{\mu}g/cm^3$) and A. graveolens ($93.14{\mu}g\;cm^{-3}$) oil were most effective against P. interpunctella and T. castaneum adults. In addition, N. bigard ($139.11{\mu}g\;cm^{-3}$) and A. graveolens ($52.87{\mu}g\;cm^{-3}$) oil exhibit strong insecticidal activities against P. interpunctella and Tribolium castaneum larvae in contact bioassay. These results indicate that A. millefolium, A. graveolens, N. bigard, and A. graveolens oils could be effective natural acaricides for managing stored-grain insects, P. interpunctella and T. castaneum.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.144-152
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• 2023

Two different extraction methods were used to evaluate the medical value of common rue, Ruta graveolens L. (RGL). The results of our 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assays indicated that the antioxidant activity of RGL essential oil extract obtained through steam distillation was very low, whereas ethanol (EtOH) extracts of RGL showed higher antioxidant activity. RGL essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and characterized by GC/MS analysis. Furthermore, EtOH extracts of RGL were obtained under reflux and analyzed by HPLC/PDA. The GC/MS results indicated that the ketone compounds 2-undecanol acetate, nonyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, and 2-nonanone accounted for more than 70% of the composition of RGL essential oil. The HPLC/PDA analyses indicated that the RGL extracts were rich in phenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, rutin, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten, among which rutin was the most abundant. Collectively, our results demonstrated that RGL contains high levels of phenolic compounds and could thus be commercialized as a valuable plant-derived antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.460-465
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• 2005

Water and ethanol extracts from Rue were prepared, and their growth inhibiting activity against Helicobacter pylori and other biological activities were examined. Total phenolic compounds in the water and ethanol extracts were present at the concentration of 16.39 mg/g, and 17.07 mg/g, respectively. At the concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolic compounds concentration, water extract produced 12 mm inhibition zone while ethanol extract produced 13 mm. The ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined for extracts from Rue. Water extracts showed $96\%$ inhibition rate on ABTS, but ethanol extracts showed higher PF (1.2) than water extracts (0.8). Water extracts had higher electron donation ability on DPPH than ethanol extracts. But ethanol extracts had higher ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than water extracts. Rosemarinic acid and quercetin were the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2001

Flavonols are polyphenolic compounds that are present in dietary plant-based foodstuffs and beverages (e. g. apple, onion, grape fruit, tea) and medicinal plants (e. g. Crategus, Ruta graveolens, Silybum marianum, Fagopyrum species) in high concentrations. They have been reported to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging activities.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.839-844
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• 2019

Anthranilate derivatives have been used as flavoring and fragrant agents for a long time. Recently, these compounds are gaining attention due to new biological functions including antinociceptive and analgesic activities. Three anthranilate derivatives, N-methylanthranilate, methyl anthranilate, and methyl N-methylanthranilate were synthesized using metabolically engineered stains of Escherichia coli. NMT encoding N-methyltransferase from Ruta graveolens, AMAT encoding anthraniloyl-coenzyme A (CoA):methanol acyltransferase from Vitis labrusca, and pqsA encoding anthranilate coenzyme A ligase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cloned and E. coli strains harboring these genes were used to synthesize the three desired compounds. E. coli mutants (metJ, trpD, tyrR mutants), which provide more anthranilate and/or S-adenosyl methionine, were used to increase the production of the synthesized compounds. MS/MS analysis was used to determine the structure of the products. Approximately, $185.3{\mu}M$ N-methylanthranilate and $95.2{\mu}M$ methyl N-methylanthranilate were synthesized. This is the first report about the synthesis of anthranilate derivatives in E. coli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2017

This study analyzed the relationship between butterflies and plants. We examined 8 butterfly greenhouse. Butterflies are 5 families, 22 species found in 8 locations. Papilio xuthus, Pieris rapae, Papilio bianor etc. was expected to be introduced in the garden. Plants were identified in the 8 greenhouse with a total 249 taxa to 82 families 186 gunus 224 species 23 variety 2 forma. The main planting species were Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Umbelliferae, Crassulaceae, Rutaceae and Etc. A main life forms are Hemicryptophytes. The naturalized plants have been identified 7 families 11 species. And planting in the garden, we propose appropriate management. Host plant is confirmed Rutaceae, Umbelliferae Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Ulmaceae, Aristolochiaceae Etc.. Main nectar plant is Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Crassulaceae, Labiatae. Nectar plant is proposed to be planted in consideration of the flowering period. Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Phellodendron amurense, Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus junos, Ruta graveolens proposed design reflects the woody. Spiraea(Rosaceae) and Rhododendron(Ericaceae) proposed by Nectar plants of woody. We hope to be utilized in the planning and construction of a butterfly garden.