• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-64
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• 2017

Russia's push in the Asia-Pacific region stems from its interests that have the national, regional and global dimensions. In their turn, the aims of this policy are civilizational, geopolitical, economic and prospective, with a long-term outlook. In the course of their achievement, cooperation with Northeast Asia's countries will play one of the key roles owing to the factors of geographic proximity, Northeast Asia's economic potential, risk hedging and a growing influence Northeast Asia exerts upon the global development. A new cooperation paradigm between Russia and the states of Northeast Asia should be based upon establishing and cementing self-reproducing ties. This is the central aim of Russian initiatives in relations, with Japan, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolia and China. However, numerous obstacles ranging from Russia's absence in the regional free trade agreements and supply-production chains of value-added production to the permanent international instability generated by Pyongyang's missile-nuclear developments hamper the practical implementation of this task. Realizing the necessity to give an additional impetus to this new cooperative paradigm, Russia has to develop directions with an apparent consolidating effect. The most promising may be the establishment of a permanent security forum based upon Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism chaired by the Russian Federation. The urgency of this measure and its expected support stem from the necessity to strengthen security in Northeast Asia, a task neither the US-led hub-and-spoke system nor ASE-AN-led multilateral dialogue venues have been able to resolve. The issues addressed at the security forum must include the unification of approaches to North Korean nuclear issue and producing a document specifying actions of the claimants on the disputed maritime territories in the "direct contact" situations. At the expert level, Russia has elaborated on the idea to establish such a forum outlining the spectrum of the key directions of cooperation. With the urgency in the establishment of this dialogue venue, its agenda has to be coordinated with the agendas of the existing security systems presented by the US alliances and the ASE-AN-led multilateral negotiations. The practical implementation of this initiative will strengthen security in Northeast Asia as its challenges will be resolved in the pre-emptive way based on coordinated approaches. Therefore, Russia as the Eurasian state will be one of the role players in the advent of the Asian century.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.153-157
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• 2002

The improvement of the situation on the Korean Peninsula, following the June 2000 Summit, has opened up the possibility of reconstructing the railway between the North and the South. The interconnection of the railway systems would allow cargo transportation from the south of the Korean Peninsula to Russia, China and Europe. This could open up a faster and more economical cargo transportation route than the all-water route.(omitted)

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-255
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• 2016

The Russian government enacted the 'Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok' to improve the medical industry in the Far East in 2015. As a result, Korean medical institutions are increasingly interested in advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok. Increased demand for high-quality Korean medical services from Russian patients and the active government policy direction of the Russian government serve as strengths and opportunities for advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok. On the other hand, the legal imperfections caused by the delay in the establishment of sub-regulations for Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok and the low reliability of the Russian government are both weaknesses and threats. Therefore, Korean medical institutions will need to carefully consider the timing of advancing into Free Port of Vladivostok by closely monitoring the process of establishing the sub-regulations of Federal Law on the Free Port of Vladivostok. And it is the most realistic model for Korean medical institutions to establish 'Professional clinic model linked with health screenings(1st stage model)'. The Korean government needs to conclude a 'MOU for Cooperation on Health and Medical Care between Korea and Russia' with the Russian government and should also carry out the 'Korean Minnesota Project'.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2020

The Republic of Korea (Korea) and the Russian Federation (Russia) are actualizing the cooperation in the Arctic area. As a result, Korean companies have begun to enjoy real economic benefits. However, since there are some troublesome aspects associated with this cooperation, measures that can lead to sustainable development through the supplementation of relevant norms are critical. Russia is also aware of these problems in obtaining economic benefits in the future; cooperation between the two countries should be extended to sufficiently cover this point. The laws related to the region are vague and do not encompass every field. In addition, when it comes to national interests, many situations arise from areas where international and national laws are not clearly harmonized. Therefore, efforts should be made to reflect the interests of both sides and to maintain economic benefits, in case Korea participates in Russia's development of the area, as well as for the legal foundation to reduce negative issues. The Korea-Russia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiation is on the track for the purpose. The two governments should consider various tasks, such as harmonizing with the former FTAs and dealing with the domestic law in accordance with the new FTA. The two countries also have to conduct researches on the efficient use of the FTA and for the 'Sustainable Arctic Development'.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

This article analyzes issues regarding the economic development of the arctic area with the aim of finding ways to help solve the problems and to support sustainable economic development of the arctic area. Some proposals are introduced for establishing a sound legal infrastructure of the Korea-Russia economic development of the arctic area. As Russia develops the Arctic area and the route through the Arctic area, Korea will gain the possibility of transportation efficiency, vitalization of international transaction, and finding new markets. Resource development in the North Pole is ongoing, with matching international transaction and economic benefits. To reflect the Korea-Russia interests and to sustain the effect, the legal infrastructure is inevitable. For example, it would be reinforced by pushing forward the Korea-Russia FTA. The legal infrastructure for economic cooperation of Korea and Russia has to reflect that 'the development of the Arctic area and making the route through the Arctic area' should increase the sustainability and vitality of international transaction. The legal infrastructure for economic benefits can also help mitigating non-economic arguments of international community such as the security risk in the Korean-peninsula and around the world.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2023

Alloperla tiunovae Teslenko, 2009 and Haploperla maritima Zhiltzova & Levanidova, 1978, hitherto known only from the Russian Far East, are reported from South Korea. The male of A. picta Zwick, 1973, previously known only from the female holotype collected in North Korea, was described based on numerous specimens collected in South Korea. The species previously reported as Triznaka (?) sp. sensu Zwick, 1973 proved to be A. tiunovae. The generic assignment of both A. picta and A. tiunovae point on certain problems of generic diagnosis of Alloperla Banks and Sweltsa Ricker, and call for a comparative generic review of Alloperlini Surdick, which should focus on Asian taxa.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

The conclusion of free Trade Agreement between South Korea and USA can become a serious threat to the Korean agriculture. On the strategic scheme the foodstuffs is the basis for protection of the state sovereignty. The Amur oblast of Russian Federation is region, which can supply South Korea cheap and good qualitative feeds. It means South Korea should create agricultural cooperation with the Amur oblast of Russian Federation with the purpose to begin organic agriculture in this area and it will help South Korea to counteract a quantitative attack on Korea from the side of american agricultural production. In the Amur oblast there are following fodder crops; Alfalfa, Smooth brome grass (gromus adonis L.), Siberian couch grass, Sudan pass, Colza rape (Brassica napus) and Amaranth (Avfranthus). In the same area also exist oatmeal, wheat, corn and barley, which is possible to use for feeds. All these above written cultures are cultivated organically, therefore it is possible to use them as organic forages in South Korea. It is very important to know system of crop rotation in the Amur oblast. There is a scheme of crop rotation, which is connected with increase and preservation of fertility of soil, maintenance of growth of productivity of agricultural cultures and reception of high-quality production. It is necessary to begin organic agriculture in a southern part of Amur oblast, where, in 2001 year, 97% of all sowing areas was concentrated. The acidity degree of soil in this part is not high ($ph5.1{\sim}5.5$), therefore does not require liming.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.2 s.171
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

North Korea is plentiful in the mineral resources as magnesite, gold, zinc, iron, rare metal, and coal resources compared to South Korea and has 6 industrial zones which are located nearby to the mineralized areas. The industrial zones are provided with a sound infrastructures and accumulation of advanced technology. As a huge mineral and energy consuming country, South Korea imports mineral and coal resources equivalent to almost 8 trillion won annually. Inter-Korean cooperation for development of mineral resources in North Korea will be improved by the practical use of the North Korea's plentiful mineral resources, infiastructures related to development and refinement, and basic geo-technology, which would be considered toward combining with South Korean capital and Russian geo-technologies.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-233
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• 2008

러시아와 한국간의 공식적인 접촉은 1990년 6월 샌프란시스코에서 개최된 정상회담이다. 동년 9월 뉴욕에서 개최된 양국의 외무장관 회담에서 러시아와 한국의 외교관계가 수립되었다. 그간 양국간에는 협정을 통한 협력의 법적기반이 조성되었는데 주요 분야를 보면 무역, 투자보장, 어업, 이중과세방지, 군사기술분야, 원자력의 평화적 이용, 문화교류에 관한 협정들이 있다. 역시 양국간의 주요 관심사항은 무역과 경제협력 분야이다. 2007년도 러시아와 한국의 무역액은 150억 달러를 초과함으로써 전년도에 비해 55.5% 증가하였다. 러시아의 한국으로의 수출은 약 70억 달러로서 전년도에 비해 52.6% 증가했고 한국으로부터의 수입은 80억 달러를 초과함으로써 전년도에 비해 56.1% 증가하였다. 그리하여 러시아는 한국의 10대 교역국으로 성장하였다. 가스와 오일 프로젝트 추진과 관련하여 사할린지역에서 사용하기 위해 한국으로부터 수입하는 드릴기계장비, 탱커, 자동차, 휴대전화는 한국과 러시아 양국간 경제성장의 주요요인이 되고 있다. 2008년 1/4 분기 양국간 무역액은 42억 달러를 초과했는데 이는 전년도 동기와 비교해서 72.1% 증가한 것이다. 이 중 한국에의 수출은 17억 달러를 초과했는데 이는 전년도 1/4분기에 비해 91.7% 성장한 것이다. 한국으로부터의 수입은 약 25억 달러로서 전년도 1/4 분기와 대비해서 60.6% 성장했다. 러시아와 한국간의 경제교류가 크게 증대하게 된 배경에는 러-한경제과학기술협력공동위원회가 큰 역할을 담당했다. 이 논문에서 필자는 무역과 투자측면에서 본 양국간 경제협력의 특징을 고찰하는 한편 러시아의 동부지역(러시아 극동 및 바이칼횡단지역)과 한국과의 협력과 관련된 역동성과 과제를 제시하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 한국은 외국기업과 함께 러시아 극동지역의 무역과 경제협력 증진에 상당한 공헌을 함으로써 러시아 극동경제권에서 주요 무역파트너가 되고 있다. 또한 본 연구에서는 한국과 러시아간의 주요 협력프로젝트에 관하여 고찰하는 한편 앞으로의 전망을 제시하였다. 이 문제는 무엇보다도 한-러간의 공동 에너지프로젝트 및 에너지자원의 무역과 관련되어 있다. 한국과 러시아는 이미 많은 분야에서 상당한 정도로 상호 협력관계를 발전시켜왔다. 여기에는 정책, 에너지, 경제, 문화, 과학기술 분야가 포함되어 있다. 현재 러시아와 한국간에는 에너지 분야에서의 전략적 대화채널 구축에 관한 문제와 함께 연료 및 에너지공단 건설과 관련하여 협력문제가 논의되고 있다. 에너지 분야에서의 전략적 대화개념 구축을 위해서는 전략, 예측 및 투자환경의 문제가 양국간에 집중논의 되어야 하고 법제상의 조화문제도 논의되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 1995

The protection of the marine environment is one of the main international legal problems in recent years. In parallel with the industrial development, a great quantity of chemical materials were used and in consequence, mass transportation of oil and other dangerous materials was required on the one hand, and discharge of industrial wasters drew also the attention on the other hand. Furthermore, oil tankers accidents, mass use of nuclear materials, sea-bed exploration and exploitation stimulated further deep human concern on the marine environment. The expansion of international concern to new and more dangerous sources of marine pollution regarded more strict and legal control on the Oil Tanker(DWT 95, 000tons, Cb=0.805) model. Calculation results are compared to the international, especially regional level. In particular, this study is concerned with the preservation of the Northeast Asian Seas surrounded by Japan, the Russian Far East, South Korea, North Korea, China and Taiwan. These adjacent countries must intensify cooperation regarding the prevention, reduction and control of the contamination of the sea. And this cooperation between the States concerned should, as much as possible, be aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of measures to prevent or abate transboundary environmental pollution. To achieve this purpose, States concerned should be imposed upon duties such as duty to assess the environmental impact, duty to inform, duty to consult and duty to assist on the basis of general principle of international law, international customary law and other various resolutions of international bodies. Depending on the nature and extent of actual or potential transboundary pollution with the use of a natural resource or the environment in general the establishment of some form of institutionalized cooperation between the States concerned may become useful or indispensable. The functions of this Organization are, inter alia, to keep the implementation of the Convention and the protocals under continuous observation, to make recommendations on regional or sub-regional rules and standards to be elaborated and on measures to be taken by the Contracting Parties, to be notified of any grave and imminent danger from pollution or threat of pollution by the Contracting Parties and to promote in close cooperation with appropriate governmental bodies additional measures to protect the marine environment of the Northeast Asian Seas, and so on. Above mentioned countries, first of all, are located within the Northeast Asian Seas geographically and, therefore, take responsibilities of preserving the clean sea against marine interferences regardless of any difference of the social, political and economic systems. They must be followed under the UNCLOS and other marine conventions. Under the present circumstances, Northeast Asian Seas will become dead seas in case that there is no instant and prompt action against pollution. Hence we have an absolute obligation to promote the development of the mandatory international environmental law, which in turn can faciliate more effective implementation of the regional cooperation by the neighbouring states within this area.