• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2007

Recently, dietary pattern analysis was emerged as an approach to examine the relationships between diet and risk of chronic diseases. This study was to identify groups with population who report similar dietary pattern in Korean genome epidemiology study (KoGES) and association with several chronic diseases. The cohort participants living in Ansung and Ansan (Gyeonggi province) were totally 10,038. Among those, 6,873 subjects with no missing values in food frequency questionnaire were included in this analysis. After combining 103 food items into 17 food groups, 4 dietary factors were obtained by factor analysis based on their weights. Factor 1 showed high factor loadings in vegetables, mushrooms, meats, fish, beverages, and oriental-cereals. Factor 2 had high factor loadings in vegetables, fruits, fish, and factor 3 had high factor loadings in cereal-oriental, cerial-western and snacks. Factor 4 showed positive high factor loadings in rice and Kimchi and negative factor loadings in mushrooms and milk and dairy products. Using factor scores of four factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters by K-means clustering. We named those 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group, 'Contented eating' group, and 'Healthy and light eating' group depending on their eating characteristics. 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group showed high prevalence in men, farmers and 60s. 'Contented eating' group and 'Healthy and light eating' group had high prevalence in women, people living in urban area (Ansan Citizen), with high-school education and above, and a monthly income of one million won and more. 'Contented eating' group appeared lower distribution proportion in the sixties and 'Healthy and light eating' group does higher in the fifties. 'Contented eating' versus 'Rice and Kimchi eating', odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity significantly decreased after adjusting age and sex (OR=0.64, 0.73, and 0.85 respectively, 95% CI). Although our results were from a cross-sectional study, these imply that the dietary patterns were related to diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2020

Objective : The genus Glycyrrhiza has been used in food and traditional herbal medicine. Glycyrrhiza new varieties Wongam and Sinwongam have been developed by Korea Rural Development Administration and investigated to register on Korean Pharmacopoeia of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The aim of this study is to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Wongam and Sinwongam comparing with listed Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer and G. glabra Linne) for evaluations about pharmacological effect of Glycyrrhiza new varieties. Methods : We studied the immunomodulatory effect of Wongam and Sinwongam compared with G. uralensis and G. glabra using THP-1 cell in vitro model. The cells were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for differentiation and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce immune activation. We analyzed and compared the effects Glycyrrhiza new varieties and listed Glycyrrhiza species using nitric oxide (NO) assay, western blot, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. 1) Results : Wongam and Sinwongam showed no cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells. Wongam and Sinwongam, and listed Glycyrrhiza species increased NO production, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression with or without LPS in differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, Wongam and Sinwongam and listed Glycyrrhiza species upregulated the mRNA expressions of T helper type 1 (Th 1)-associated cytokines in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Conclusion : These results indicated that Wongam and Sinwongam would have effect of enhancing immune response through the increase of NO and COX-2 expression, and activate Th1-associated cytokines. The findings of this study suggest the wide applicability of Glycyrrhiza new varieties.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.90-104
• /
• 2007

Landmarks like high-rise building are one of the important elements for the enhancement of city identity and provides the hierarchy of city streets, playing a central and symbolic role in cities. Research on physical attribute of landmarks, such as height, distance, location and shape, which are suitable for a city scale, can help a city create a distinct image and maintain comprehensible structure. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to understand the spatial and cognitive characteristics of a landmark for the establishment and management of it. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The level of representativeness of a landmark increases in proportion to the degree of cognitive intensity on it. The relation between representativeness and cognitive intensity can be explained as the log-function as follows: Log(the number of people who respond "It has representativeness")=$-1.2579+1.5908{\times}$(cognitive intensity); 2. There are a few differences based on the attributes of respondents: while gender has no distinct influence, residential period and age show statistically meaningful influence on cognitive intensity of a vertical landmark Cognitive intensity of an individual landmarks especially, differs according to the class of main users. Because of frequent changes in occupation or employment, respondents consider the distance from a residential area more important than the distance from a working area in evaluating cognitive intensity of landmarks; 3. landmark can be classified into two kinds: a district landmark and an urban landmark A district landmark is closely connected with physical attributes of the landmark itself, such as distance, size and height. An urban landmark is mainly related to cognitive attributes such as the image and identity of a city as a whole. As a result, the landmark analysis data in this research provides spatial order and identity in a city. It is difficult to establish and reinforce the image of a city as a single element ike a landmark. However, withy steady follow-up research, this study could be seen as a systematic and logical model to improve urban landscape and image.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the application of electric stimulation to the auricle acupoint (frequency 2 Hz, stimulation level: noxious) with 30 elderly people over 65 years that received treatment in a rural hospital to determine the influence of pain, gait and balance in the aged with knee joint disease. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups; the degenerative joint diseases (DJD) group (1 male, 9 females), the total knee replacement (TKR) group (1 male, 9 females) and the control group (1 male, 9 females). Auricualr electrical stimulation (AES) was applied with low frequency, high intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for 10 seconds per each point. Results: 1. For the change of pain according to AES, there was interaction in the resting period (p<0.001) and gait (p<0.001) and pain of the DJD group and TKR group was decreased. 2. The range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint showed a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and the ROM for the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. 3. In the analysis of gait speed changes, there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.001) and for gait speed in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people. 4. It was found in the change of static balance that there was a significant difference in interaction for each group of elderly people (p<0.01) and balance capacity in the DJD group and TKR group of elderly people was increased. Conclusion: The aged with knee joint disease have pain, and a decreased function of gait and balance. AES was an excellent treatment for control of pain, and an excellent treatment to enhanced joint functions. AES was useful for improving gait and balance due to decreased pain.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2013

식품안전관리는 과학적 근거에 따라 진행되어야 한다. FAO/WHO에서는 식품안전관리 4대 원칙 중 하나로 위해성 분석을 제시하고 있으며, WTO에서는 위해성 평가에 입각한 경우에 한하여 자체적인 안전기준을 인정하고 있다. 과학적 분석 없이는 식중독 발생의 원인을 추적 제거함으로써 재발을 막는 것 또한 불가능하다. 연구개발은 과학적 근거를 생산하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 정부의 식품안전 연구개발은 11개 정부기관에서 40개가 넘는 사업을 통해 진행되고 있다. 그렇다보니 정확한 통계 자료를 확보하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 사업명, 과학기술표준분류, 키워드라는 3가지 기준에 따라 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(NTIS)에서 제공하는 데이터베이스를 활용해 2008년부터 2010년까지 진행된 식품안전 연구과제를 추출하였다. 분석 결과, 식품의약품안전청과 농림수산식품부 및 농촌진흥청의 연구사업이 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다. 위해성 평가를 위한 기초자료 확보 등을 위해서는 현재보다 1년 이상 다년도 과제의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 SCI 논문을 투고할 수 있는 수준으로 연구의 깊이를 높일 필요도 있다. 노로바이러스 등 생물학적 위해에 대한 연구비중을 높이는 방향으로 연구 포트폴리오의 조정이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 식품안전 관련 사업의 통합 집중화할 필요가 있다. 별다른 차이가 없음에도 부처가 다르다보니 별도로 설정하고 있는 식품안전관리와 농축산물 위생/품질관리로 이원화된 과학기술표준분류의 통합도 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2005

Background : Cancer is the leading cause of death and one of the largest burdens of disease in Korea. In 1996, the Ten year Plan for Cancer Control was formulated and the government then adopted the plan as a national policy. As part of this plan, the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for Medicaid recipients was formulated, and the government adapted this in 1999. For low-income beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), the screening program has been in place since 2002. In 2002, the target cancers of NCSP were stomach, breast and cervical cancer. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between the participation rate, the abnormal screening rate and the socio-demographic factors associated with participation in the screening program. Methods : To analyze the participation rate and abnormal rate for the NCSP, we used the 2002 NCSP records. The information on the socio-demographic factors was available from the database of the beneficiaries in the NHIC and Medicaid. Results : The participation rate of the Medicaid beneficiaries for the stomach, breast and cervical cancer screening were 9.2%, 15.5% and 15.0%, respectively, and 11.3% and 12.5%, except cervical cancer which wasn't be included in the NCSP, for the beneficiaries of the NHIC. The abnormal rate of stomach, breast and cervical cancer screening were 25.7%, 11.2% and 21.0%, respectively, for the beneficiaries of Medicaid and 42.6% and 19.4% for the beneficiaries of the NHIC. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, gender, age and place of residence were significantly associated with participation rates of the NCSP. For stomach cancer, women participated in the NCSP more than men. The participation rate was higher among people in their fifties and sixties than for those people in their forties and those people over seventy years in age. For the breast and cervical cancer, people in their fifties were more likely to participate in the NCSP than people in their forties and people over sixty. For the place of residence, people in the rural areas participated more than those people in any other places. Conclusions : The above results show that the participation rate and abnormal rate were significantly associated with the socio-demographic factors. To improve the participation rate for the NCSP, more attention should be given to the underserved groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1974

Data from this study support the View that the following factors are not sufficiently important in Korea to invalidate the relationships observed between age of marriage and fertility: (1) Premarital pregnancy and common law marriage, (2) shortening of birth intervals in late marriages, (3) adverse effects of very eary marriage in reproductive capacity, and (4) postponement of first pregnancy among early marriages. Thirteen variables which were considered to be potential predictors of fertility were studied to determine their influence on three indices of fertility. Age of marriage and family planning praetice are the strongest predictors and account for about 10% and 7% of the total variance, respectively. Seven other factors each account for an intermediate amount of variability; these are ideal number of children, rural versus urban study area, education, aspiration for daughter, index of exposure to mass media, economic index of respondent's home at survey, and residence before marriage. The remaining variables have no consistently significant relationship to fertility. Most of the relationships appear to be stable and consistent over time; others appear to be changing. The latter group include those variables which are associated with modernization indices of family planning practice, mass media exposure. and aspiration for daughters. Thus, the index of family planning practice is of limited significance for the $40{\sim}49$ age group but is the most important variable for the $20{\sim}29$ year women. The relationship is a direct one for the two age groups between 30 and 49 years which suggests that these groups already had high fertility when family planning services became available and that this high fertility then became an inducement to acccept contraception. The pattern of relationship is not yet clear for the $20{\sim}29$ year group. Similar interactions are observed for the other indices of modernity and are discussed. The thirteen variables together can account for a maximum of about 40% of the variance in the number of live births in the age group $30{\sim}39$, and for lesser amounts of variance in other age and fertility groupings.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 성인의 사회적 지지와 우울 정도를 파악하고, 일반적 특성에 따라 사회적 지지와 우울 정도를 비교하며, 사회적 지지와 우울 간에 관계를 분석하여 우울에 미치는 사회적 지지의 효과를 파악함으로써, 우울 예방 및 관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 자료는 제주특별자치도에서 지원하여 수행한 '제주도민 우울실태조사' 연구과제의 원시 자료를 이용하여 이차분석 하였으며, 연구대상은 제주지역에서 계층적 무작위 집락 표출법을 이용하여 선정한 750가구의 성인이었으며, 24명의 훈련된 조사원이 2007년 11월부터 12월까지 가구면접조사를 통해 수집한 1,155명의 자료를 분석하였다. 우울은 The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D)를 이용하였고, 사회적 지지는 The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey 도구를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 우울은 평균 11.35점이었고. 사회적 지지는 평균 75.53점이었다. 주관적 건강수준이 낮을수록, 스트레스가 높을 수록, 학력이 낮을수록, 결혼상태가 미혼이거나 배우자가 있는 경우보다 이혼 및 사별인 경우, 사회경제적 수준이 낮을수록, 종교가 없는 경우 우울 정도는 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 여섯개의 독립변수가 설명하는 변량은 29.8%였고, 회귀모형은 유의하였다. 사회적 지지가 포함되었을 때, 결혼상태, 사회경제적 수준, 종교는 유의하지 않았고, 사회적 지지와 주관적 건강수준, 스트레스, 교육수준은 우울에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 회귀모형을 유의하였고, 설명되는 변량은 36.9%로 사회적 지지가 포함되지 않았을 때보다 7.4%가 증가하였다. 또한 단계적 회귀분석을 하였을 때, 사회적 지지가 설명하는 변량은 22%로 비교적 높았고, 주관적 건강수준으로 설명변량이 11.4% 증가하였고, 스트레스 인지를 추가하여 우울에 대한 설명변량이 2.7%가 증가한 것으로 나타나, 다른 변수들에 비해 사회적 지지의 설명 변량이 높은 편이었고, 회귀계수도 ${\beta}$=-.319로 비교적 큰 편이었다. 사회적 지지는 본 연구에 포함된 다른 여러 변수에 비해 우울을 가장 잘 설명해주는 요인이므로 사회적 지지 강화 프로그램을 마련하여 우울예방과 관리를 위한 하나의 전략으로 활용할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.513-538
• /
• 2013

우리나라는 1921년 태화기독교 여성관 탁아프로그램으로 보육이 시작된 이후 1991년 영유아보육법이 제정되는 등 질적인 보육을 제공할 수 있는 정책적 기반이 꾸준히 발전해왔다. 약 90년 정도 된 보육의 역사에서 보육정책을 담당하는 부처는 시대에 따라, 그리고 관련 법의 규정에 따라 보건사회부, 농업진흥청, 내무부, 문교부, 노동부 등 여러 부처로 분산되어 왔으나, 1991년 제정된 영유아보육법에 의해 보건복지부로 일원화되었고 2004년에는 여성가족부로, 2007년에는 다시 보건복지부로 이관되었다. 우리나라의 보육정책은 1991년 제정된 영유아보육법을 기점으로 교육부 관할의 유치원과 보건복지부 관할의 어린이집의 이원체제로 운영되어 왔다. 최근 출산율의 급속한 저하로 인해 출산율 회복을 위한 정책 개발과 보육의 질적 향상을 도모할 수 있는 방안에 대한 필요성에 의해 다양한 보육정책이 시행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 현재 보육정책의 주요 특징과 앞으로 다가올 시대를 위해 보육정책이 나아가야 할 방향과 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 곤충산업 시장에서 지역자원을 활용한 동애등에 체험프로그램을 개발하기 위해 체험객의 곤충체험 지향성에 따라 세분화 하고 세분화된 체험객의 특성을 프로파일 하고자 수행되었다. 문헌연구를 바탕으로 곤충체험 지향성의 주요 속성을 도출하였으며, 곤충 체험객과 곤충체험 박람회의 참석자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 총 325부의 유효표본을 수집하여 실증분석에 사용하였으며 체험 지향성의 속성은 교육 지향성, 정서 지향성, 사회 지향성, 자아 지향성과 연관되었다. 응답자는 학생들과, 자녀가 있는 부모를 대상으로 설문조사에 응답하도록 하였다. 군집분석 결과 2개와 3개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 예측타당성 및 판별분석 결과 모두 높게 나타나 최종 분석을 위해 응답자를 3개의 군집으로 적절하게 세분화하였다. 3개의 군집은 체험에 소극적, 중도적, 적극적 지향 집단으로 명명하였으며, 적극적 지향 집단은 곤충체험에 대해 다양하게 지향하는 집단으로 5 ~ 9세와, 10 ~ 14세의 자녀를 둔 부모는 감성적 체험 프로그램을 선호하고 체험 프로그램 비용으로 7 ~ 8천원의 지불의사를 밝혔다. 세분 집단의 특성을 살펴본 결과 소극적 지향 집단과 중도지향적 집단은 교육적 체험에 가장 높게 지향하는 것으로 나타났으나 이들을 체험 프로그램에 관심을 갖게 위해서는 교육 지향적 프로그램을 개발하고 홍보마케팅을 강화한다면 참가의도가 높아질 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 결과와 시사점은 곤충산업의 6차 산업화 활성화에도 기여할 수 있는 기초자료로 다양한 지향성을 충족시킬 수 있는 곤충체험 프로그램 개발에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.