• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the residential space composition and extension of Jeonja-jip and Dureong-jip in Samcheok region. The results of this study are as follows. It appears three residential plan types - Jeonja-jip with Anmaru(a room made of wooden floor), Jeonja-jip without Anmaru and Dureong-jip with Anmaru- in survey region. It was needed the extension of residential space at Jeonja-jip(a house type with two-row rooms which be composed of 田type under one roof) and Dureong-jip(a house type with inner floor which be surrounded by rooms under one roof) because of shortage of sleeping space, working space and keeping space owing to growing large family. The solutions of these shortages will be the extension of space in houses. Jeonja-jip's basic type which is the Kyup-Jip(a house type with two-row rooms under one roof) of 一 type with 6 Kans(Kan, a unit to count room to divided with four posts) is transformed and extended to 田shaped house with 11 Kans toward X-axis orientation. Dureong-Jip's basic type which is ㄱ type with 7 Kans is transformed and extended to the Sekyup-Jip with 9 Kans and the Nekyup-Jip(a house type with four-row rooms under one roof) with 12 Kans toward Y-axis orientation by insertion and addition. Jeonja-jip was developed into Kyup-Jip with front 4 or 5 Kans and side 2 Kans instead of being done into Sekyup-jip or Nekyup-Jip with insufficient day lighting and ventilation problems. Jeonja-jip and Dureong-jip were stronger than any other traditional houses in tendency to reserve Magu(cowshed) and Chikkan(toilet) in a house.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the spatial patterns of aging population and its formal regional structure in 2010. The results are as follows: first, aging index shows high values in remote mountainous and coastal regions while showing relatively low values in Capital Region and large provincial cities. Aging index has low negative correlation with such variables as population increasing rate, ratio of youth population, ratio of apartments, and ratio of newly built housing. However, aging index shows high positive correlation with variables including ratio of single unit house, ratio of aged peoples' house ownerships, ratio of welfare recipients, ratio of old housing, and number of public healthcare facilities. Secondly, four factors are identified from factor analysis including aging factor, welfare factor, economic vitality factor, and new town factor. The aging level of a region is negatively related to the strong level of those factors. Thirdly, cluster analysis results in four different types of formal regions including rural mountainous coastal type, rural non-capital region type, large metropolitan type, and provincial industrial city type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

This study was conducted as a basic research to create a sound and vital ecological environment in the city compared to the appearance characteristics of Gap stream(G-stream), which are the main stream of Banseok stream(B-stream), by analyzing the characteristics of waterbirds, including Wild Spot-billed Duck (S-Duck), that live in B-stream built as ecological stream. The waterbird survey was conducted by the line census for 3.2km, Jukdong-bridge to Jamiseon-bridge, from January to August 2018. The analysis of the survey was conducted with Relative species density(RD) of the emerging waterbird species, the Species diversity and Density Per Unit area for 100㎡(DPU). The waterbird survey results of B-stream was conducted 65 times. The five types of water birds that appeared during the survey were Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha), Teal(Anas crecca), Little Egret(Egretta garzetta), Great Egret(Egretta alba), and Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea). As a result, for S-Duck at B-stream, RD was 89.9%, monthly species diversity was simple as 0.3801 in January, 0.5943 in February and 0.3501 in August. The DPU of the S-Duck was 0.165/100㎡ in the B-Stream survey section which was 4.9 times higher than the main stream section, G-stream. The non-freezing zone of the city's small stream is expected to play an important role as a winter stop for wild birds such as S-Duck during the freezing period of the huge stream. For this reason, considering the ecological characteristics of wild waterbirds such as S-Duck when creating ecological stream, a: space and linear selection of waterways which can minimize the impact of natural enemy and increasing the number of walkers, b: management water-friendly plants in the low flow channel, c: arrangement walking-bicycle road will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

This study is about the research of living environment in residential areas created by the land readjustment projects in the modern era, and recently lifted from Residential Environment Improvement district at the same time. The five criteria for evaluating the residential area are safety, health, convenience, comfort, and sustainability. The level of resident satisfaction in general is as follows. [completely dissatisfy as 5.30%, dissatisfy as 16.29%, neutral as 49.62%, satisfy as 16.29% and completely satisfy as 6.82%]. The results of the five survey items on the residential areas show that residents are aware of the area not as an old residential area to be demolished, but as a comparatively excellent residential area, namely very different results from the designation criteria of the redevelopment area designated by the Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act. If the road conditions and the deterioration of the buildings are judged to be designated as the redevelopment area and to be removed these settlements, the residential areas with social sustainability could demolished. Based on this study, it is necessary to conduct the research to find out the reason for deriving the results of each evaluation item in the succeeding study. These studies are needed to rediscover, to develop and manage the value of many old residential areas scattered in the city centers of local areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

This is a case study of private sector's development of long-term unexecuted urban parks in Pohang through a special act, which provides a guideline of 30% of land for non-park while 70% of land for park. The strategy has a lot of validity in many respects along with the urban planning sunset system, but even with the special act it would not easy to be implemented in Pohang, where the guideline has been modified to 20% for non-park, mostly multi-family housing projects while 80% for park. Thus, participation of private companies would be discouraged due to low commercial validity. Also, there would exist various risks because the project would be completed through a long-term decision-making and execution process. Thus, this study argues that it would be better for Pohang to follow the original guideline of the government for better implementation of the projects, along with preparation of a law with which the government be able to recoup excess profits when too much profits would be given to private developers. For the project implemented smoothly, it is also important to understand local housing market and fluctuating economic conditions, and to prepare various incentives for private companies. In addition, to secure publicity, guidelines on the level of publicity of the project should be prepared through negotiation by parties to prevent the project being discouraged too much.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

This study carried out evaluation of vulnerability in accessability and functionality using road network that was extracted from Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) and digital map. It was built in order to figure out accessability that locational data which include community center, public facilities, medical facilities and highway IC. The method for grasping functionality are Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and land slide hazard map provided by Korea Forest Service. The evaluation criteria for figure out accessability was set to related comparison of average time in urban area. Functionality value was calculated by the possibility of backing the vehicle possibility of snowfall and landslides. At last, this research computed weighting value through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), calculated a vulnerable score. As the result, the accessability of rural village came out that would spend more time by 1.4 to 3.2 times in comparison with urban area. Even though, vulnerability of the road by a snowfall was estimated that more than 50% satisfies the first class, however, it show up that the road were still vulnerable due snowing because over the 14% of the road being evaluated the fifth class. The functionality has been satisfied most of the road, however, It was vulnerable around Lake Daechung and Piban-ryung, Yumti-jae, Suriti-jae where on the way Boeun. Also, the fifth class road are about 35 km away from the city hall on distance, take an hour to an hour and a half. The fourth class road are about 25 km away from the city hall on distance, take 25 min to an hour. The other class of the road take in 30 min from the city hall or aren't affected of weather and have been analyzed that a density of road is high. In A result that compare between distribution and a housing density came out different the southern and the eastern area, so this result could be suggested quantitative data for possibility of development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.21-35
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• 2011

This study is basic research which aims to compare and analyze changes in rural areas in modern times. The main purpose of this study is to comprehend the characteristics of changes in the Korean rural landscape and to suggest the implications for preservation and maintenance of the rural landscape. To help in understanding the rural landscape systematically, it should be divided into six types: housing landscape, cultivation landscape, green landscape, waterside landscape, streetscape and symbolic and religious landscape. According to this step, the contents and the procedures of changes were analyzed generally. Based on the literature review and field survey, the styles of changes were deduced to be formation, alternation, relocation, damage and restoration on landscape elements. Lastly, it was concluded that complex changes of landscape in rural areas from the government's development policy have been continued from macroscopic changes like overall structure and system of landscape to microscopic changes like shape, material, size and color of each landscape element. Rural villages which have not had the government's development policy applied to them may not be appropriate for this study. However, this study has significance in that it can suggest the direction for desirable rural planning. Future studies need to consider landscape change through not only the development policy but also economic, social and cultural factors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1990

1. Background Women's health and their involvement in health care are essential to health for everyone. If they are ignorant, malnourished or over-worked, the health &-their families as well as their own health will suffer. Women's health depends on broad considerations beyond medicine. Among other things, it depends upon their work in farming. their subordination to their families, their accepted roles, and poor hygiene with poorly equipped housing and environmental sanitation. 2. Objectives and Contents a. The health status of rural women : physical and mental complaints, experience of pesticides intoxication, Farmer's syndrome, experiences of reproductive health problems. b. participation in and attitudes towards housework and farming c. accessibility of medical care d. status of maternal health : fertility, family planning practice. induced abortion, and maternal care 3. Research method A nationwide field survey, based on stratified random sampling, was conducted during July, 1986. Revised Cornell Medical index(68 out of 195 items). Kawagai's Farmers Syndrome Scale, and self-developed structured questionnaires were used to rural farming wives(n=2.028). aged between 26-55. 4. Characteristics of the respondents mean age : 40.2 marital status : 90.8% married mean no. of household : 4.9 average years of education : 4.7 yrs. average income of household : \235,000 average years of residence in rural area : 36.4 yrs average Working hours(household and farming) : 11 hrs. 23 min 5. Health Status of rural women a. The average number of physical and mental symptoms were 12.4, 4.7, and the rate of complaints were 22.1%, 38.8% each. revealing complaints of mental symptomes higher than physical ones. b. 65.4% of rural women complained of more than 4 symptoms out of 9, indicating farmer's syndrome. 11.9 % experienced pesticide overdue syndrome c. 57.6% of respondents experienced women-specific health problems. d. Age and education of respondents were the variables which affect on the level of their health 6. Utilization of medical services a. The number of symptoms and complaints of respondents were dependent on the distance to where the health-care service is given b. Drug store was the most commonly utilized due to low price and the distance to reach. while nurse practitioners were well utilized when there were nurse practitioner's office in their villages. c. Rural women were internalized their subordination to husbands and children, revealing they are positive(93%) in health-care demand for-them but negative(30%) for themselves d. 33.0% of respondents were habitual drug users, 4.5% were smokers and 32.3% were alcohol drinkers. and 86.3% experienced induced-abortion. But most of them(77.6%) knew that those had negative effects on health. 7. Maternal Health Care a. Practice rate of contraception was 48.1% : female users were 90.9% in permanent and 89.6% in temporary contraception b. Induced abortions were taken mostly at hospital(86.3%), while health centers(4.7%), midwiferies(4.3%). and others(4.5%) including drug stores were listed a few. The repeated numbers of induced abortion seemed affected on the increasing numbers of symptoms and complaints. c. The first pre-natal check-up during first trimester was 41.8%, safe delivery rate was 15.6%, post-natal check-up during two months after delivery. Rural women had no enough rest after delivery revealing average days of rest from home work and farming 8.3 and 17.2. d. 86.6% practised breast feeding, showing younger and more educated mothers depending on artificial milk 8. Recommendations a. To lessen the multiple role over burden housing and sanitary conditions should be improved, and are needed farming machiner es for women and training on the use of them b. Health education should begin at primary school including health behavior and living environment. c. Women should be encouraged to become policy-makers as well as administrators in the field of women specific health affairs. d. Women's health indicators should be developed and women's health surveillance system too.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

For estimating the prevalence of bovine infectious disease agents, the pathogens were classified as follows: the digestive disease agents, respiratory disease agents, reproductive disease agents, and tick-borne disease agents. This study covered 81 published papers regarding bovine infectious diseases in Korea that determined the presence of diverse pathogens or the antibodies elicited by the infectious agents in cattle from 2010 to 2019. In total, 59,504 cows were involved in the papers reporting the causative agents in their cases. The disease prevalence for the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and tick-borne cases was 9.0%, 13.4%, 10.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Eimeria spp were more significantly prevalent in the cows under one-year age than over one-year age. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Anaplasma spp. were more significantly prevalent in Hanwoo than dairy cattle. Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum, and Theilieria spp. were more significantly prevalent in dairy cattle than Hanwoo. Tick-borne disease agents were more prevalent in cows grazing than the case in housing. Our analytic data obtained from this study emphasize the need for more studies on the occurrence of these pathogens according to the breed, age, and the region, to come up with bovine infectious disease control measures in Korea.