• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw surface covering of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed ($1.21km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran), a physically based distributed hydrological model was applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow was 0.62~0.78 and the NSE for water quality (Sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.58 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw covering reduced surface runoff average 10 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration parameter (INFILT) in the model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of Sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as Sediment and T-P.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2001

In this study, we conducted a survey to examine the runoff characteristics of nonpoint sources, which wash off pollutants from the surface of basin during rainfall and affect water pollution of streams. An Anyangchun basin in the region Ewiwang City was selected as a study site. The basin divided into several subbasins such as Wanggokchun, Ojeonchun, and Anyangchun based on the tributaries, which confluence to the main stream of Anyangchun. Four times of field examination had been carried out between July and August of 2000, and water quality data collected from the surveys had been analysed. The survey includes in-situ flow, DO and PH measurements in the outlet of catchment. Laboratory analysis includes BOD, TN, TP. From the result, pollutant by runoff of nonpoint sources were washed out along with stormwater in the beginning of rainfall, and flowed into streams resulted in stream pollution. In case of BOD, the load from Ojeonchun catchment, most of which included urban areas, took up 50% of the total load from the entire watershed. Thus, by the results, it is clear that runoff load by urban nonpoint sources plays an important role in the control and management of nonpoint sources for the watershed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

신뢰도 높은 수질 모의를 위해서는 유역 내 정확한 유출 모의가 반드시 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 연속방정식과 운동파 근사에 의한 Manning의 식이 결합된 비선형 저류방정식에 근거한 하도추적법과 금일 강수량을 고려하여 시간적으로 가중 평균된 유출곡선지수를 산정하도록 개선된 지표유출계산 모듈이 수질 모의에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 대표적 준분포형 모형인 SWAT에 탑재하여 충주댐 유역에 적용하여 각 개선모듈별 독립적인 분석과 전체 개선의 효과를 개선 전 후로 분석하였다. 각 개선 모듈별 수질 모의의 기여도를 분석한 결과 지표유출계산 모듈의 개선보다는 하도추적의 개선이 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 비점오염원의 특성 상 하도추적의 개선으로 인한 유출 지체 현상의 개선이 부하량의 배출에 가장 큰 요인으로 작용하였기 때문이라고 판단된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

광주 전남의 상수원인 주암호 유역에 대해 GIS를 이용하여 점오염원과 비점오염원 부하량을 산정하였으며 기 개발된 모형을 이용하여 수질을 모의하였다. 점오염원 부하량은 환경부에서 발표한 원단위(1998)를 이용하여 산정하였고, 비점오염원 부하량은 유출곡선지수를 이용한 SCS방법으로 직접유출량을 계산한 후 우리나라 유역의 특성에 맞는 토지이용별 기대평균농도 값을 이용하여 산정하였다. 수질모의는 미국환경청에서 개발한 WASP모형(2001)을 이용하였으며 대상유역을 GIS를 이용하여 경사, 방향, 고도, 토양, 토지이용과 강우량에 따라 44개의 소유역으로 구분하고, 그중 하나의 소유역에 대해 모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 결과치를 수질관측치와 비교한 결과 매우 유사함을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2007

This study has researched the management status and the pollution level of water, soil, stream sediments of 11 abandoned coal mines out of a total of 12 within Obong-Dam area except Bukyung mine, which was submerged when constructing Obong-Dam, and selected areas which are in needs to have pollution control facilities in the first place. From the results of examination on the runoff at the waste rock pile and mineheads, the runoff from Sueun mine (pH, Fe, Al), Samwon mine (pH, Al), Wangdo mine (pH, Al), Mose mine (pH, Fe, Al) and Daeryeong mine (pH) exceeded the permissible discharge standards of the water quality, but the water at merging point with Obong-Dam after joined with Doma branch satisfied both Water Quality Standards and Drinking Water Quality Standards. In regard to groundwater contamination, it is found that areas where exceeded the Drinking Water Quality Standards are Wangdo mine (pH), Jangjae mine (pH, Zn), Daeryeong mine (pH) whereas all areas satisfied Soil Contamination Warning Standards of Soil Environmental Conservation Law. When comparing a research result on underwater sediments of branches of abandoned mines to the EPA Guidelines for classification of great lakes harbor sediments, Dongguk Gaerim (Fe), Jungwon mine (Fe), Daebo mine (Mn), Samwon mine (Mn) and Daeryeong mine (Mn) showed mid-level of contamination, whereas Sueun (Fe, Mn), Daebo mine (Fe), Woosung mine (Fe, Mn), Wangdo mine (Fe, Mn), Mose mine (Fe) and Daeryeong mine (Fe) showed high-level of contamination. In addition, contamination levels of underwater sediments in Wangsan and Doma branch where abandoned mine's branches merge together, Wangsan branch showed no contamination at all whereas Doma branch shows mid-level of contamination which reflect the Doma branch is affected by waste rock pile and minehead runoff of the abandoned mines in the Doma branch area. It is concluded that Mose mine and Sueun mine required treatment of acid mine drainage. and Wangdo, Jungwon, and Samwon mines were in need of mine tailing and erosion control work. The Samwon mine additionally required a control system for closed minehead runoff. Although the Samwon mine reached a high concentration of Al, Mn $Ca^{2+}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ in the runoff, the levels decreased after it was combined with a tributary. It has been concluded that after further monitoring of the cause of pollution, a preventive measure system may be needed to be built.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

강우 시 표면 유출에 의한 비점오염물질의 하천 유입은 도시 하천 관리에 부정적인 영향을 미치며 특히 강우 초기의 수질농도가 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 제외지 또는 유수지 등의 공간을 활용하여 침강 및 여과작용을 이용하여 최소한의 에너지 및 비용을 이용하여 오염물질을 정화시키면서 하천의 수질 및 수량 관리에 긍정적인 작용을 할 수 있는 장치와 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 빗물 자동 모니터링 시스템을 이용하여 초기 우수에 대한 유량 및 수질을 파악하였고 이를 토대로 처리 시스템의 설계 기준을 확립하고자 하였다. 초기우수 제어 장치는 침전 장치만으로도 총부유물질 (TSS) 84 - 95%, 총질소 (TN) 31 - 46%, 총인 (TP) 42 - 86%의 제거 효율이 나타났다. 또한 일기 예보를 통해 강우에 의한 유량 및 수질을 예측하고 처리장치의 상태 및 자동 모니터링시스템과 연계하여 시설을 종합적으로 관리할 수 있는 강우 유출 종합관리 시스템 ISTORMS (Integrated Stormwater Runoff Management System)를 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과는 도시 하천의 수질 및 유량 환경개선에 효율적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 최근 산림소득작물로 재배면적이 급증하고 있는 오미자를 대상으로 일반 농경지와 산림농업지에 시비된 식물영양성분의 행방과 유출부하량을 비교 평가하여 환경친화형 산림농업 시스템을 정착하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 표토 침식 및 식물영양물질의 유출에 더 민감함을 보여주는 지표로 활용되는 유출계수가 일반 농경지 시험구보다 산림농업 시험구에서 더 높게 나타났다. 일반 농경지 시험구와 산림농업 시험구에서 강우-유출에 의한 총질소와 총인의 유출부하량을 평가한 결과, 산림농업 시험구에서 식물영양성분의 손실로 인한 인근 수권 생태계에 끼치는 영향은 미미할 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 산림농업을 위한 농경지 조성 초기에 식생으로 인한 토양 피복도 부족과 토양구조 불안정으로 인행 상당량의 토사유출이 발생할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 산림농업을 위한 농경지 조성 초기 단계에는 토양의 유실감수성을 고려한 테라스 및 승수로 등 토양유실 방지대책이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2016

Sediment-laden water leads to water quality degradation in streams; therefore, best management practices must be implemented in the source area to control nonpoint source pollution. Field monitoring was implemented to measure precipitation, direct runoff, and sediment concentrations at a control plot and straw-applied plot to examine the effect on sediment reduction in this study. A hydrology model, which employs Curve Number (CN) to estimate direct runoff and the Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate soil loss, was selected. Twenty-five storm events from October 2010 to July 2012 were observed at the control plot, and 14 storm events from April 2011 to July 2011 at the straw-applied plot. CN was calibrated for direct runoff, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination were 0.66 and 0.68 at the control plot. Direct runoff at the straw-applied plot was calibrated using the percentage direct runoff reduction. The estimated reduction in sediment load by direct runoff reduction calibration alone was acceptable. Therefore, direct runoff-sediment load behaviors in a hydrology model should be considered to estimate sediment load and the reduction thereof.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

This study analyzed runoff characteristics of non-point sources pollutant and evaluated removal of pollution by BMP(Best Management Practice) using BASINS/WinHSPF model. Hourly meterological data including input data was provided from 2010 to 2011 year to run HSPF model in Miho stream watershed. As the results of calibration and validation of the model, the model could be successfully performed to simulate the flow and water quality parameters. The apprehensive area of non-point source pollution was chosen by non-point source pollution per area of a tributary to the Miho stream and applied constructed wetland in area chosen. Three scenarios were based on installation area of an constructed wetland and HSPF model would be applied to estimate the pollutant removals through the constructed wetland. The removal rates of pollutants through the constructed wetland were estimated with the runoff and water quality parameters by the comparisons of before and after the constructed wetland application.