• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from separate sewer overflow (SSO) and combined sewer overflow (CSO) were evaluated during 2016 in Namyangju city, Korea. Five rainfall events were monitored during 2016 with ranging from 14.5 mm to 121.5 mm. The runoff ratio of CSO was higher than that of SSO because only design volume of maximum sanitary sewer ($1Q_h$) was transported and treated and $2Q_h$ was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day although combined sewer system was designed to transport $3Q_h$ to treatment system. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) and pollutant loads from CSO were higher than those from SSO. BOD and COD of CSO, and TOC and TN of SSO represented distinct first flush phenomena. The inadequate management in combined sewer system from which the untreated $2Q_h$ from CSO was overflowed to waterbody during rainy day could influence on high pollutant loads and first flushing. Treating $2Q_h$ from CSO, source control such as low impact development, and treating outflow from SSO were strongly recommended to control non-point source pollution in urban area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2011

PADDIMOD2 was deloped to estimate nonpoint source pollution from paddy rice fields. The PADDIMOD2 was enhanced to estimate runoff and pollutant load during non-growing as well as growing season and to be easily used for public by development of Excel based system. Nutrient concentration and hydrology were based on Dirac delta function and continuous source function, and tank model for growing season and Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and SCS-Curve Number method for non-growing season. The PADDIMOD2 consists of three main component (input data, parameters data, and output data) by including eight Excel spread sheets. As a result of model application, total precipitation and irrigation were 1,051.7 mm and 439.2 mm, respectivley and surface runoff and water loss including infiltration and evapotranspiration were 463.0 mm and 947.9 mm, respectively. Annual nutrient loadings of T-N and T-P from study area were 6.7 kg/$km^2$/day and 0.5 kg/$km^2$/day, respectively. Development of PADDIMOD2 was focused on minimizing input data and maximizing user friendly system and is expected to be useful tool to evaluate various non-structure BMPs and estimate unit load from paddy rice fields for application at Korean TMDL.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-195
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• 2013

Urbanization from agricultural/forest areas has been causing increased runoff and pollutant loads from it. Thus, numerous models have been developed to estimate NPS loading from urban area and Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Analysis (L-THIA) model has been used to evaluate effects of landuse changes on runoff and pollutant loads. However, the L-THIA model could not consider rainfall intensity in runoff evaluation. Therefore, the L-THIA model, capable of simulating runoff using 10-minute rainfall data, was applied to the study areas for evaluation of estimated runoff and NPS. The estimated Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) values were over 0.6 for runoff, BOD, TN, and TP for most sites and watershed. The calibrated model was further extended to other counties for pollutant load potential evaluation. Pollutant load potential maps were developed and target areas were identified. As shown in this study, the L-THIA 2012 can be used for evaluation runoff and pollutant loads with limited data sets and its estimation could be used in identifying pollutant load hot spot areas for implementation of site-specific Best Management Practices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.728-737
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• 2005

Water quality of the Hwanggujicheon is poor because of the rapid housing and development in the large area of the basin. Establishment of water quality management strategy, based on the pollution sources survey and pollutant loads estimation, has to be established for the preservation of the stream water quality of the region. In this study, waste load allocation model to achieve the water quality goal of the stream and the optimization of pollutant load reduction, was developed. Nonpoint pollutant loads calculated by runoff model in the previous study are utilized for pollutant loads estimation of the drainage areas in this study. From the application result of the allocation model, water quality goals of the Hwanggujicheon that can be achieved as a matter of fact are BOD 8 mg/L. To achieve these goals, 23% of effluent BOD loads have to be reduced in the basin.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

This work was completed in partial fulfillment of an on-going research ot descover the effective management of urban nonpoint sources. The current data was obtained from the area of Shingal, Kyunni-do. The investigation was are predominant soures of storm-runoff load and drainage. As a result of the investigation, the road was found to be most seriously contaminated and a significant potential source deteriorating the quality of streams and lakes in the vicinity of the town. Thus, in could be concluded that an effective and systematic cleaning technique must be developed as soon as possible and be frequently applied to the road.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2011

This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff by rainfall type in orchard areas for two years. Effluents were monitored to calculate the EMCs and runoff loads of each pollutant. The runoff characteristics for nonpoint sources from vineyards were also inspected based on independent variables that affect runoff such as rainfall and rainfall intensity. The average runoff loads of each pollutant from vineyard_A and vineyard_B were found as follows: BOD 39.13 mg/$m^2$, COD 112.13 mg/$m^2$, TOC 54.98 mg/$m^2$, SS 1,681.8 mg/$m^2$, TN 18.29 mg/$m^2$, and TP 4.06 mg/$m^2$, which indicates that the COD's runoff load was especially high. The average EMCs from vineyard_A and vineyard_B, which represents the quality of rainfall effluent, were also analyzed: BOD 3.5 mg/L, COD 11.5 mg/L, TOC 5.2 mg/L, SS 211.7 mg/L, TN 1.774 mg/L, and TP 0.324 mg/L. This suggested that the COD, as an indicator of organic pollutants, is high in terms of EMCs as well. As rainfall increased, the EMCs of BOD, COD, TOC and SS kept turning upward. At a point, however, the high rainfall brought about dilution effects and began to push down the EMCs. Higher rainfall intensities led to the increase in the EMCs that displays the convergence of rainfall. Low rainfall intensities also raised pollutant concentrations, although the concentrations themselves were slightly different among pollutants.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2005

This study was performed to characterize stormwater runoff of pollution material from nonpoint sources during rainfall in drainage basins of Hongjechun watershed, and to suggest management methods to control the first flush of nonpoint sources. We conducted 4 times of field surveys including 3 times of wet period and 1 times of dry period for 5 stations, which consist of 3 stations in main stream of Hongjechun and 1 station in tributaries of Sinyoungchun and Gukichun, respectively. The variation of pollutant concentrations in terms of BOD, COD, SS and TP was large depending on the flow rate of stormwater, while a little change of TN concentration was investigated. Depending on the rainfall event, the difference of flowrates, and runoff loadings was large, while the difference of those for dry wether period was not noticeable for various sub-basins. In the results of unit load calculation, the range of 153-277 kg/ha/yr for BOD, 222-422 kg/ha/yr for COD, 264-432 kg/ha/yr for SS, 40-70kg/ha/yr for TN, and 13-25 kg/ha/yr for TP was obtained for Hongjechun, Sinyoungchun, and Gukichun sub-basins. Compared with the previous studies, the result of this study was founded to be acceptable.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.E
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• pp.1-19
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• 1990

Abstract Over the last several decades, crop production in the United States increased largely due to the extensive use of animal waste and fertilizers as plant nutrient supplements, and pesticides for crops pests and weed control. Without the application of animal waste best management, the use of animal waste can result in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land area. In order to increase nutrient levels and decrease contamination from agricultural lands, nonpoint source pollution is responsible for water quality degradation. Nonpoint source pollutants such as animal waste, ferilizers, and pesticides are transported primarily through runoff from agricultural areas. Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can be a major water quality problem because they cause eutrophic algae growth. In 1985, it was presented that Watershed/Water Quality Monitoring for Evaluation BMP Effectiveness was implemented for Nomini Creek Watershed, located in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and has an aerial extent of 1505 ha of land, with 43% under cropland, 54% under woodland, and 3% as homestead and roads. Rainfall data was collected at the watershed from raingages located at sites PNI through PN 7. Streams at stations QN I and QN2 were being measured with V-notch weirs. Water levels at the stream was measured using an FW-l Belfort (Friez FWl). The water quality monitoring system was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of the quality of storm runoff and baseflow as influenced by changes in landuse, agronomic, and cultural practices ill the watershed. As this study was concerned with the Nomini Creek Watershed, the separation of storm runoff and baseflow measured at QNI and QN2 was given by the master depletion curve method, and the loadings of baseflow and storm runoff for TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were analyzed from 1987 through 1989. The results were studied for the best management practices to reduce contamination and loss of nutrients, (e.g., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) by nonpoint source pollution from agricultural lands.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.457-460
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• 2002

Development and application of nonpoint pollutant source model need pertinent runoff simulation for expecting good simulation result of yield of nonpont pollutant and it's move. this study purpose was compare to runoff height among Observed of Regression, HSPF and SWAT in hukchun basis loacated Gyeonggi province yangpeong-gun in two years($1998{\sim}1999$). Result, runoff height were Regression, SWAT, HSPF is 2578.96, 2526.44, 2547.21mm respectively, Nash-Schutcliff' simulation efficiency, compare to observed, was 70.22, 73.71% respectively so two simulation run off height was pertinent. If Regression method use excess observed arrange, it include error. so it's importance using pertinent arrange of observed runoff height.