• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.91-103
• /
• 1994

The floristic characteristics and ecological conservation measures for the plant resources of the Tokyusan National Park. Chollapuk-do, Korea were discussed. The field works was done for three times in nine major areas from April to July, 1993. The total number of vascular plants in this area were summarized as 97 families, 297 genera, 469 species and 541 kinds. The nineteen kinds of artificially planted, twelve kinds of Korean endemics and sixteen kinds of Korean rare and endangered species in the area were revised and compiled in the list. The flora of the area were categorized into the Southern part of the Korean Region, where the species such as Quercus serrata. Fraxinus sieboldiana, Ilex macropoda, Lindera erythrocarpa, Lindera glauca, Rubus coreanus, Taxus cuspidata, Cephalotaxus koreana and Abies koreana were roled as major floristic components in the Korean Region and endemized in the southern part of Korea. The natural communities such as Adonis amurensis Community, Taxus cuspidata Community, Betula ermanii Community, Hemerocalis spp. Community, Rhododendron tschnoskii Community, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Community, Disporum ovale Community, Tricyrtis dilatata Community, and present natural distribution of Abies koreana, and swamp vegetation in Tumunsan areas, as well as upland grassland at the summit of Hyangchokpong were represented for their floristic values in the area. The fifteen kinds of medicinal plants such as Gastrodia elata, seven kinds of ornamental plants such as Adonis amurensis, and thirteen kinds of edible plants such as Ligularia fischeri are faced potentially in endangered from the outrageous collections by the local peoples. The Action Plan for the conservation management of the area which enables sustainable use by the local peoples must be established in the near future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.41 no.10
• /
• pp.290-301
• /
• 2017

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 2021

Ulleungdo, a volcanic island, has different climate, soil, and topography characteristics from inland of the Korean Peninsula. Its agriculture also exhibits distinctive features. This study focused on floristic compositions and characteristics of crop lands in Ulleungdo. Flora surveys were conducted for 37 areas three times, one in May of 2016, one in July of 2020, and one in August of 2020. Results showed that vascular plants of crop lands in Ulleungdo included 186 taxa of 53 families, 132 genera, 160 species, 14 varieties, five subspecies, and five hybrids. Asteraceae had the most diverse species (33 taxa), followed by Poaceae (25 taxa), Fabaceae (12 taxa), Polygonaceae (11 taxa), and Liliaceae (nine taxa). The biological type of crop lands in Ulleungdo island was determined to be Th-R₅-D₄-e type. Rare plants were found for nine taxa: Athyrium acutipinnulum Kodama ex Nakai, Sedum takasimense Nakai, Rubus takesimensis Nakai, Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag., Ligustrum foliosum Nakai, Aster pseudoglehni Y.Lim, Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino, Lilium hansonii Leichtlin ex D.D.T.Moore, and Polygonatum robustum (Korsh.) Nakai. In addition, 45 taxa contained naturalized plants of 13 families, 33 genera, 44 species, and one variety. Urbanization and naturalization indices were 13.9%, and 24.2%, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 36 vegetable samples were assayed for their growth-promoting effects on Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, and Lactobacillus casei The growth-promoting effects varied according to bacterial strain and vegetable species. In modified Gy rgy broth, extracts of Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum and L escutentum var. cerasiforme exhibited strong growth-promoting responses toward B. longum, and significant and strong growth- promoting response toward B. bifidum was observed in extracts of Actinidia arguta, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Brassica campestris subsp. napus vats. pekinensis, Capsicum frutescens, Daucus carota var. sativa, L sativa, 1. esculentum and L. esculentum var. cerasforme, Nelumbo nucifera, Cucurbita moschata, Lackca sativa var. capitata, and Rubus coreanus. For L casei, extracts of A. fshlosum, A. hberosum, Cichorium intbus, Cucurbita moschat\ulcorner Ipomoea batatas, 1. sativa var. capitata, L. esculentum, P. brachycarpa, Raphanus sativus, R. coreanus, and S. melongena strongly enhanced the growth of this bacteria. In modified Gy rgy broth, the promoting effect was most pronounced with B. bifidum and L. casei among lactic acid bacteria used. In MRS broth, A. arguta, A. cepa, A. sativum, B. campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis, C. frutescens, and D. carota var. sativa L. satiw var. capitata, and R. coreanus strongly enhanced the growth of B. bifidum, Growth of B. longum was strongly affected by the addition of extracts from L. sativa var. capitata. For L casei, moderate growth-promoting responses were observed in 9 vegetable extracts. The promoting effect in MRS broth was most pronounced with B. bifidum among lactic acid bacteria used.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2001

Ethanol extracts of 38 vegetables were subjected to an in vitro screening for their growth-inhibitory activities towards Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Clostridium perfringens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and Escherichia coli using paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions. The responses varied with both bacterial strain and vegetable species. In a test with 20 mg/disc, Zingiber officinale extracts showed significant growth-inhibitory responses against B. bifidum, and strong inhibitions against L. casei were detected in the extracts of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum and Lactuca sativa. The extracts of Allium sativum, Capsicum annuum, L. esculentum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, and Z. officinale showed strong inhibitory activities against C. perfringens, while moderate growth-inhibitory responses were observed in the extracts of C. ffutescens, Cucurbita moschata, Daucus carota var. sativa, and Rubus coreanus. However, all vegetable extracts showed no inhibitions against B. longum, L. acidophilus, and E. coli. In tests with 5 mg/disc, moderate inhibitions were observed in the extracts of C. coronarium var. spatiosum and L. sativa against L. casei and Z. officinale against B. bifidum. Vegetables extracts, except for C. coronarium var. spatiosum, L. sativa, and Z. officinale, did not affect the growth of beneficial bacteria. Strong inhibitory responses against C. perfringens were detected in the extracts of C. annuum and L. esculentum var. cerasiforme. Daily intake of vegetables may be important in the prevention of human diseases caused by the intestinal bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.700-709
• /
• 2002

To develop a natural food preservatives from medicinal herbs (62 species), antimicrobial test was performed with hot water and ethanol extracts against Escherchia coli, Listeria monocytogens and Candida albicans by paper disk method. And its result as a first screening test, 7 kinds of medicinal herbs were selected, and more precise analysis was conducted at last 3 kinds of medicinal herbs was finally selected. Therminalia chebula Retz and Rhus javanica has a broad antimicrobial spectrums and has a low MIC values. In growth inhibition test, they showed a very strong antimicrobial activity aganist Listeria monocytogens. If there has a elaborate approaches in its characteristics and properties, some good result must followed in making a powerful natural antimicrobial preservatives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine vegetation of the outer walls of the Jeongyi Town Wall in Jeju and analyze the characteristics and problems identified, for suggesting preliminary data for selecting species of plants appropriate for the greening of the walls in the southern temperate climate region, including Jeju. The result of this study is as follows. The number of plants growing naturally around the walls of the town was identified to be 52 taxa. Based on the list of naturalized plants, there are 5 taxa; Sonchus oleraceus, Houttuynia cordata, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Erigeron annuus and Lamium purpureum. The number of species by district was from 3 to 14 taxa with 7.1 taxa on average. Analyzing by the constancy class, plants in class III included Sedum bulbiferum, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Hedera rhombea and Boehmeria nivea. Manipulation of the species composition table shows that the number of plant species growing naturally around the walls of Jeongyi Town Wall is a total of 52 taxa, including 11 taxa by differential species of community and 41 taxa by companion species. The types of plants very useful for the covering of the walls are evergreen climbing vine, such as Hedera rhombea, Ficus thunbergii and Euonymus fortunei and deciduous climbing vine, such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Paederia scandens. In addition, Ficus stipulata is identified as a vegetation more appropriate for the southern-ward lattice-blocked walls. Woody plants, such as Akebia quinata, Celastrus flagellaris, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata for. citrulloides, Rubus hirsutus, Clematis apiifolia and herbaceous plants, such as Dioscorea tenuipes, D. quinqueloba, D. nipponica, Cayatia japonica and Paederia scandens var. angustifolia are highly useful materials for climbing plants for covering the walls of the southern province. Pteridophyte, such as Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, Pteris multifida, Cyrtomium falcatum and Lygodium japonicumare suggested as very useful for increasing unique regional characteristics of the southern province, including Jeju.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.74 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 1986

To study the changes of soil and vegetational composition of Pinus densiflora community by campsite impact of its users, located in Kumo Mountain Provincial Park, the South part of Korea, three sites were selected according to the density of users. The heavy-use sites in this study has changed in the following ways. (1) The concentration of total nitrogen, available phosphate and Ca ion have decreased greatly. (2) From 68 to 73 percent of the undergrowth vegetation has been removed from the $2.000m^2$ camp area, leaving a sparse vegetation cover quite dissimilar in composition to nonuse campsite. (3) The soil hardness was $38.9kg/cm^2$ in heavyuse site and $1.76kg/cm^2$ in nonuse site. (4) The tolerant trees to campsite impact is Acer palmatum, Stephanandra incisa, Rhus trichocarpa, Rubus crataegifolitus and Parthenocissus tricuspidata. (5) Species diversity decreased to a degree at the heavy-use site. Similarity index was 25.38% between the heavy-use and nonuse site.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 2012

This study was to evaluate the application of microhistological analysis to collect information on food materials of korean water deer from september to October 2006. For microhistological analysis we extracted type-materials of 4 plant species ($Ipomoea$ $batatas$, $Rubus$ $coreanus$, $Glycine$ $max$, and $Pueraria$ $thunbergiana$) from fecal pellets of korean water deer ($Hydropotes$ $inermis$) and then made preparations of the fecal materials for microscopic analysis. The fecal preparations were compared with reference preparation under the microscope. In microscopic analysis of fecal preparations, we could identify the four plant species by the followings: tip shape and morphology of trichomes, epidermal cell, morphological composition and shape of stomatal apparatus, arrangement of long-cell, and distribution of crystals in cells. According to the comparisons of the preparations, the morphology of trichome, epidermal cell and stomata are similar between both preparations of the fecal pellets and the references, respectively. This methodology will contribute to understanding feeding behavior and behavioural ecology by climate change of other hervibores as well as korean water deers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the soil salinity and salt spray drift of the indigenous windbreak trees, and its main purpose was to provide basic data for the selection of salt-tolerant trees in the saline coastal region in the South Sea of Korea. The soil salinity($EC_{1:5}$)was $0.18dSm^{-1}$, which was an average degree of the whole areas of investigation whose salinity degree ranged from $0.05dSm^{-1}$ to $0.58dSm^{-1}$. The level of soil salinity gradually decreased as it moved farther inland, except the belt I. The level of decreasing soil salinity was found to be in the following order: belt II, belt III, belt I, belt IV. The degree of soil salinity was $EC_{1:5}$ $0.22dSm_{1:5}$, $0.22dSm_{1:5}$ $0.19dSm^{-1}$ and $0.13dSm^{-1}$ respectively. The total 110 taxa, which consisted of 45 families, 74 genus, 101 species, and 9 varieties, were found to be tolerant to both soil salinity and salt spray drift. The trees that grow in the highest degree of salinity($EC_{1:5}$ $0.50dSm^{-1}$)were Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Siebold & Zucc.), Planch and Lonicera japonica Thunb. The next group of trees that grow in the high degree of salinity ranging from $EC_{1:5}$ 0.41 to $0.50dSm^{-1}$ was Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bureau ex Lavall$\acute{e}$e, Rubus parvifolius L., Zanthoxylum schinifolium(Siebold & Zucc.), Hedera rhombea(Miq.) Bean., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Quercus serrata Thunb., Callicarpa dichotoma(Lour.) K. Koch, and so on. The woody species which grew in the entire belts were Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi and Vitis flexuosa Thunb., and Vitex rotundifolia L. f. which was known to be highly tolerant to salt spray drift was found only in belt I. The woody species with high important value(IV) were Zelkova serrata(Thunb.) Makino., Celtis sinensis Pers., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Mallotusjaponicus(Thunb.) Muell. Arg., Trachelospermum asiaticum(Siebold & Zucc.) NAKAI, and Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi. These species were classified as native windbreak trees that are comparatively more tolerant to salt spray drift than other kinds.